4TH Quarter in Health

4TH Quarter in MAPEH (Health) 4.
Cancer – is caused by abnormal cells growing

without control. As these cells grow, they form in
Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorder masses called Tumors. Tumors can either be:
(Non-communicable Diseases) Benign-are not cancerous and do not spread. And
Malignant- are cancerous. They may spread to other
Disease – is a particular abnormal condition and parts of the body. The spreading is called
disorder of a structure or function, that affects some Metastasis.
or all parts of an organism. It is often interpreted as
a medical condition associated with signs and Most common cancers: Skin, Colon and rectum,
symptoms. Lungs, Breast, Reproductive organs, and Bone
marrow (leukemia and lymphoma)
Two categories of disease
Treatment of Cancer
1. Communicable Diseases –it is caused by pathogen
or diseases-causing organisms and can be Surgery –this involves removal of tumor and repair
transmitted from one person to another or from of the affected organ.
animals to people.
Radiation Therapy –this involves attacking the
2. Non-communicable Disease (NCD) –are not cause cancer cell with X-rays or with rays.
by pathogens or disease-causing organisms such as
bacteria and viruses, but by how people live, by the Drug Therapy or Chemotherapy –this has become
conditions with which they are born or by the an increasingly important method of cancer
hazards around them. It also includes diseases treatment.
caused by a breakdown of the body tissues
(degenerative diseases), poor diet, environmental 5. Diabetes –is a disease that prevents the body
and occupational hazards, stress and tension. from converting food into energy. Carbohydrates are
normally changed into a simple sugar called Glucose
Common Non-communicable diseases (a source of energy). Insulin, the hormone produced
in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the
1. Allergy- is a misguided reaction to foreign blood.
substances by the immune system. The substances
that trigger allergy are called allergen (ex. Pollens, Type I Diabetes is the result of little or no insulin
dust mite, molds, dander and certain foods). People produced by the pancreas. It begins before the age
prone to allergies are said to be allergic. of 40.
a. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is the common of the Type II Diabetes is the result of too little insulin
allergic diseases and is characterized by seasonal produced by the pancreas or failure of the insulin to
nasal symptoms that due to pollens. function normally. Most often it begins in
overweight adults.
b. Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the
tissues layers (membranes) that cover the surface of Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes: Excessive
the eyeball and the undersurface of the eyelid. Urination, Excessive Thirst, and Excessive Hunger.
c. Allergic eczema is an allergic rash that is usually 6. Arthritis –refers to the inflammation of joints. It
caused by skin contact with an allergen. usually occurs during old age.
d. Hive (urticarial) is skin reactions that appear as Rheumatoid Arthritis –causes pain and swelling in
itchy swelling and can occur on any part of the body. many joints throughout the body.
It caused by an allergic reaction, such as food or
medication. Osteoarthritis –is a disease of an older people. It
results from the wear and tear of joints, especially
e. Allergic shock or anaphylactic shock is a life- those of the hands, hips, knees and spine.
threatening reaction that can affect a number of
organs at the same time. Allergic shock is caused by 7. Kidney or Renal Failure –is a medical condition in
dilated and leaky blood vessels, which result in a which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste
drop in blood pressure. products from the blood.
2. Asthma- is a chronic lung disorder that causes Some agencies that provide health services
airways to become inflamed. Asthma may be
prevented through lifestyle changes, activity Department of Health –is the primary government
reduction, allergy-shots, and medications. agency responsible for the equitable, sustainable,
and quality health for the Filipinos.
3. Cardiovascular disease- is the disease of the heart
and blood vessel. These include Heart diseases and Department of Interior and Local Government
vascular diseases. (DILG) –advocates “Perfect 10” lifestyle program to
prevent NCDs, and urges all local chief executives to
a. Heart (cardio) diseases: Congenital Heart disease, support the campaign
Congestive heart failure, Arrhythmia, Rheumatic
heart disease, myocardial infraction (heart attack)
b. Vascular (blood vessel) diseases: Arteriosclerosis,

Hypertension or high blood pressure, Stroke, and
Aneurysm

4TH Quarter in Health

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4TH Quarter in MAPEH (Health) 4.

Cancer – is caused by abnormal cells growing

b. Vascular (blood vessel) diseases: Arteriosclerosis,

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