ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1

Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 1:
6. What are the three components of an electric circuit?
1. What is an insulator? (a) Source of Voltage - battery or main power
- materials that resist the flow of electricity (b) Conductive Path - wire
2. What is a conductor? (c) Load - lightbulb
- Materials that allow or do not resist the flow of electricity
3. What is a semiconductor? 7. What are open, closed, and short circuits?
- materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators ➔ the path of current flow in a circuit is interrupted or
Open Circuit
4. What are voltage, amperage, and resistance? opened (turned off)
➔ Also known as Electromotive Force (E or EMF) ➔ an uninterrupted path that allows a continuous flow
Closed Circuit
Voltage (V) ➔ the driving force behind current flow of current through an electrical conductor
➔ UNIT : Volts (V) ➔ occur when a low-resistance path not suited to carry
Short Circuit
➔ Also known as Inductive Flow electricity receives a high-volume electrical current.
Amperage (I) ➔ The rate of current flow in a closed electrical system
➔ UNIT : Amps 8. Why is overcurrent protection used on an electrical circuit?
➔ a force that counteracts the flow of current - to protect either the load and/or the conductors from excessive heat
Resistance (R)
➔ UNIT : Ohms (Ω) from high amperage conditions
- Ex. fuses and circuit breaker
5. What is the difference between power and energy? 9. Why is a control device used on an electrical circuit?
- Energy is what makes change happen and can be transferred from - A control device either opens or closes the path of the circuit.
one object to another. Energy can also be transformed from one form - The control devices will turn circuits on and off and limit the
to another. Power is the rate at which energy is transferred. It is not conditions within the circuit, including amperage and voltage.
energy but is often confused with energy. 10. What are the differences between series and parallel circuits?
POWER (P) ENERGY (q) SERIES CIRUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
➔ Rate at which work is ➔ Work is done ➔ is connected so that current ➔ current branches off to individual
accomplished. ➔ Power used by an appliance passes through each component components in the circuit
multiplied by the amount of time in the circuit without branching ➔ NOTE: parallel components have
off to individual components in the same voltages
UNIT : Watt UNIT : kilowatt-hour (kWH)
the circuit
FORMULA : FORMULA : ➔ NOTE: series components have
Power = (Voltage) (Ampere) Energy = (Power) (time) the same current
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions

11. How do magnetism and electricity relate to each other? 15. What is the power factor?
- Electricity is a form of energy tied to the existence of electrical - is the ratio of working power, measured in kilowatts (kW), to apparent
charge and, as a result, is related to magnetism. power, measured in kilovolt amperes (kVA)
- Flowing electrons produce a magnetic field, and spinning magnets - FORMULA:
cause an electric current to flow. Electromagnetism is the interaction
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑊 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
of these two important forces. 𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
= 𝑉𝐴
= 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 × 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑠

16. What is a power factor correction?

12. How do DC and AC differ? - helps to reduce energy consumption and costs by improving your
power factor.
Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current (AC) 17. What is the reason for a utility company charging for the demand of
➔ Current will flow in one ➔ Continuous reversal of the electricity?
direction ONLY direction of current flow - Demand charges exist to incentivize customers to spread their energy
➔ ALWAYS from negative to ➔ From positive to negative OR usage over time.
positive terminals of the from negative to positive - A utility company will charge its customers for the electrical energy
source
consumed and, for all but small users (e.g., most residential
customers), the rate at which energy is consumed.
13. How do single-phase AC and three-phase AC differ?
18. What is demand limiting?
- is accomplished by disconnecting loads that are not needed during
Single-Phase AC (1Φ) Three-Phase AC (3Φ) periods of high demand.
➔ All the voltages of the supply ➔ consists of three separate lines 19. What is load shedding?
vary in unison of single-phase power with - a method by which nonessential equipment and appliances are
➔ has two conductors: each line out of phase by 120° deliberately switched off to maintain a uniform load and thus limit
(a) neutral (1⁄3 of a cycle).
demand.
(b) carries current (the hot or live
20. What is the concept of time of use (TOU) rates and why are they
conductor).
needed?
- Time-of-use (TOU) metering is a method of measuring and charging a
14. What is a transformer and where is it used?
utility customer's energy consumption based on when the energy is
- an electrical device that transfers an alternating current and voltage
used.
from one circuit to another using the induction phenomenon
- to better align the costs that electricity consumers see with the
- serve as an efficient way of converting power at a primary voltage and
actual cost of producing electricity
amperage to the equivalent power at a different secondary voltage
and amperage
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM SOLVINGS: 2. A No. 10 AWG (thicker than a No. 12) copper conductor has a
resistance of 0.531 Ω/100 m. Approximate the resistance in lengths of
1. No. 12 AWG copper conductor has a resistance of 0.162 Ω/100 ft. A No. 10, 25, and 50 meters.
10 AWG (thicker than No. 12) conductor has a resistance of 0.102 Ω/100 GIVEN :
ft. Approximate the resistance in each conductor for total lengths of ● 10 AWG copper has a resistance of 0.531 Ω/100 m
10, 25, and 50 ft.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● 12 AWG copper has a resistance of 0.162 Ω/100 ft ● Resistance for the length of 10 m
● 10 AWG copper has a resistance of 0.102 Ω/100 ft 𝑅= (
0.531 Ω
)(10𝑚)
100 𝑚
𝑅 = 0. 0531 Ω
SOLUTION :
● Resistance for the length of 25 m
● Resistance for the length of 10 ft. 0.531 Ω
𝑅= ( )(25𝑚)
12 AWG copper 10 AWG copper 100 𝑚

0.162 Ω 0.102 Ω
𝑅 = 0. 1328 Ω
𝑅= ( 100 𝑓𝑡
)(10𝑓𝑡) 𝑅= ( 100 𝑓𝑡
)(10 𝑓𝑡) ● Resistance for the length of 50 m
𝑅 = 0. 0162 Ω 𝑅 = 0. 0102 Ω 𝑅= (
0.531 Ω
)(50𝑚)
100 𝑚
𝑅 = 0. 2655 Ω
● Resistance for the length of 25 ft.
12 AWG copper 10 AWG copper 3. An appliance is designed for use at 120 V and has a current draw of 15
𝑅= (
0.162 Ω
)(25𝑓𝑡) 𝑅= (
0.102 Ω
)(25𝑓𝑡) A. Determine the power consumed in watts.
100 𝑓𝑡 100 𝑓𝑡
𝑅 = 0. 0405 Ω 𝑅 = 0. 0255 Ω GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● V = 120 V 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
● I = 15 A 𝑃 = (120 𝑉)(15 𝐴)
● Resistance for the length of 50 ft.
FIND : Power 𝑃 = 1, 800 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
12 AWG copper 10 AWG copper
0.162 Ω 0.102 Ω
𝑅= ( 100 𝑓𝑡
)(50𝑓𝑡) 𝑅= ( 100 𝑓𝑡
)(50𝑓𝑡) 4. An appliance is designed for use at 36 V and has a current draw of 1.5
𝑅 = 0. 081 Ω 𝑅 = 0. 051 Ω A. Determine the power consumed in watts.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● V = 36V 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
● I = 1.5 A 𝑃 = (36 𝑉)(1. 5 𝐴)
FIND : Power 𝑃 = 54 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions

5. A circuit consumes 3200 W of real power when the apparent power is 7. An AC circuit is powering an electric heater (i.e., pure resistance, PF =
3800 VA. 1.0). Assume the voltage is 120 V and the current draw is 10 A.
a. Determine the power factor. Compute the apparent power and real power.
b. Determine phase angle ϕ. GIVEN : FIND :
GIVEN : FIND : ● PF = 1.0 ● Apparent Power
● Power Factor ● V = 120 V ● Real Power
● RP = 3,200 W
● AP = 3,800 VA ● Phase Angle ● I = 10 A

SOLUTION : SOLUTION :

Power Factor Angle Phase Apparent Power : Real Power :

𝐴𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑅𝑃 𝑊
𝑅𝑃 3,200 𝑊 −1 𝑅𝑃 𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑃 =
𝑃𝐹 = = ϕ = 𝐶𝑂𝑆 ( 𝐴𝑃 ) 𝑉𝐴
𝐴𝑃 3,800 𝑉𝐴 𝐴𝑃 = (120 𝑉)(10 𝐴) 𝑅𝑃
𝑃𝐹 = 0. 8421 −1 3,200 𝑊 1. 0 = (120 𝑉)(10 𝐴)
ϕ = 𝐶𝑂𝑆 ( ) 𝐴𝑃 = 1, 200 𝑉𝐴
3,800 𝑉𝐴
𝑅𝑃 = 1, 200 𝑊
ϕ = 32. 6369°
8. An AC circuit is powering an electric heater (i.e., pure resistance, PF =
6. A circuit consumes 4800 W of real power when the apparent power is 1.0). Assume the voltage is 240 V and the current draw is 15 A.
5600 VA. Compute the apparent power and real power.
a. Determine the power factor. GIVEN : FIND :
b. Determine phase angle ϕ. ● PF = 1.0 ● Apparent Power
● V = 240 V ● Real Power
GIVEN : FIND :
● RP = 4,800 W Power Factor ● I = 15 A
● AP = 5,600 VA Phase Angle SOLUTION :
Apparent Power : Real Power :
𝐴𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑅𝑃 𝑊
SOLUTION : 𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑉𝐴
𝐴𝑃 = (240 𝑉)(15 𝐴)
Power Factor Angle Phase 1. 0 =
𝑅𝑃
𝐴𝑃 = 3, 600 𝑉𝐴 (240 𝑉)(15 𝐴)
𝑅𝑃 4,800 𝑊 −1 𝑅𝑃
𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑃
= 5,600 𝑉𝐴 ϕ = 𝐶𝑂𝑆 ( 𝐴𝑃 ) 𝑅𝑃 = 3, 600 𝑊
𝑃𝐹 = 0. 8571 −1 4,800 𝑊
ϕ = 𝐶𝑂𝑆 ( 5,600 𝑉𝐴
)
ϕ = 31. 0027°
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions

9. An AC circuit is powering a motor (i.e., inductive load, PF < 1.0). 12. A 25 kVA closet transformer located inside a building is used to step
Assume the voltage is 240 V and the current draw is 15 A. Compute the down the voltage for the building. It is connected to a primary 7200 V
real power, assuming a power factor of 0.8. AC power source. The ratio of the number of primary windings to
GIVEN : SOLUTION : secondary windings on the transformer is 30 to 1.
● PF = 0.8 𝑃𝐹 =
𝑅𝑃
=
𝑊 a. a. Approximate the secondary voltage provided.
𝐴𝑃 𝑉𝐴
● V = 240 V b. b. Approximate the current available, in amps.
𝑅𝑃
0. 8 =
● I = 15 A (240 𝑉)(15 𝐴) GIVEN : FIND :
FIND : Real Power 𝑅𝑃 = 2, 880 𝑊 ● P = 25 kVA x 1,000 = ● Secondary Voltage (𝐸𝑠)
25,000 VA ● Current (I)
10. An AC circuit is powering a motor (i.e., inductive load, PF < 1.0). ● 𝐸𝑝 = 7,200 V
Assume the voltage is 240 V and the current draw is 30 A. Compute ● 𝑁𝑝 = 30
the real power, assuming a power factor of 0.75.
● 𝑁𝑠 = 1
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● PF = 0.75 𝑅𝑃 𝑊 SOLUTION :
𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑃
= 𝑉𝐴
● V = 240 V 𝑅𝑃 Secondary Voltage (𝐸𝑠) Current (I) :
0. 75 = 𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸𝑠
● I = 30 A
( )
(240 𝑉)(30 𝐴) 𝑁𝑠
𝑅𝑃 = 5, 400 𝑊 𝐸𝑠 ≈ 𝐸𝑝
FIND : Real Power 𝑁𝑝
25, 000 𝑉𝐴 = 240 𝑉 (𝐼)
𝐸𝑠 = 7, 200 𝑉 ( )
1
30 𝐼 = 104. 1667 𝐴
11. An AC circuit serves inductive and resistive loads. Assume the voltage 𝐸𝑠 ≈ 240 𝑉
is 240 V and the current draw is 20 A. Compute the real power,
assuming a power factor of 0.9.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● PF = 0.9 𝑃𝐹 =
𝑅𝑃
=
𝑊
𝐴𝑃 𝑉𝐴
● V = 240 V 𝑅𝑃
0. 9 =
● I = 20 A (240 𝑉)(20 𝐴)

FIND : Real Power 𝑅𝑃 = 4, 320 𝑊

 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
13. A 20 kVA closet transformer located inside a building is used to step 14. A 100 W incandescent lamp remains lit for 24 hr a day during a 30-day
down the voltage for the building. It is connected to a primary 4800 V billing period.
AC power source. The ratio of the number of primary windings to the a. Determine the energy consumed over this period.
number of secondary windings on the transformer is 20 to 1 and 40 to b. Calculate the utility energy charges for this period at a rate of
1. $0.12/kWh.
a. Approximate the secondary voltage provided. GIVEN : FIND :
b. Approximate the current available, in amps. ● P = 100 W ● Energy consumed
GIVEN : FIND : ● t = 24hr/day x 30 days ● Utility energy charge
● P = 20 kVA x 1,000 = ● Secondary Voltage (𝐸𝑠) SOLUTION:
20,000 VA ● Current (I) Energy consumed : Utility Energy Charge :
● 𝐸𝑝 = 4,800 V $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑞 • $/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡
● 𝑁𝑝1 = 20 ; 𝑁𝑝2 = 40 = 100 𝑊 (24 × 30) = 72 𝑘𝑊𝐻 ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ )
● 𝑁𝑠1 = 1 ; 𝑁𝑠2 = 1 = 72, 000 𝑊ℎ ( 1𝑘𝑊
1000 𝑊 ) $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = $8. 64/𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

SOLUTION : 𝑞 = 72 𝑘𝑊ℎ
● 20 TO 1 15. A 23 W compact fluorescent lamp (equivalent to a 100 W incandescent
Secondary Voltage (𝐸𝑠) Current (I) : lamp) remains lit for 24 hr a day during a 30-day billing period.
𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸𝑠 a. Determine the energy consumed over this period.
𝐸𝑠 ≈ 𝐸𝑝 ( )
𝑁𝑠
𝑁𝑝
20, 000 𝑉𝐴 = 240 𝑉 (𝐼) b. Calculate the utility energy charges for this period at a rate of
$0.12/kWh.
𝐸𝑠 = 4, 800 𝑉 ( )
1
20 𝐼 = 83. 33 𝐴
𝐸𝑠 ≈ 240 𝑉 GIVEN : FIND :
● P = 23 W ● Energy consumed
● t = 24hr/day x 30 days ● Utility energy charge
● 40 TO 1
SOLUTION:
Secondary Voltage (𝐸𝑠) Current (I) :
𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸𝑠 Energy consumed : Utility Energy Charge :
𝐸𝑠 ≈ 𝐸𝑝 ( )
𝑁𝑠
𝑁𝑝
20, 000 𝑉𝐴 = 120 𝑉 (𝐼)
𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡
= 23 𝑊 (24 × 30)
$𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑞 • $/𝑘𝑊ℎ
= 16. 56 𝑘𝑊𝐻 ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ )
𝐸𝑠 = 4, 800 𝑉 ( )
1
40 𝐼 = 166. 67 𝐴
= 16, 560 𝑊ℎ ( 1𝑘𝑊
) $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = $1. 99/𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
1000 𝑊
𝐸𝑠 ≈ 120 𝑉
𝑞 = 16. 56 𝑘𝑊ℎ
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
16. Ten 100 W incandescent lamps remain lit for 24 hr a day for a one-year
period. 18. A circulating pump consumes 450 W for 24 hr a day.
a. Determine the energy consumed over this period. a. Determine the energy consumed for a one-year period.
b. Calculate the utility energy charges for this period at a rate of b. Calculate the utility energy charges for this period at a rate of
$0.12/kWh. $0.12/kWh.
GIVEN : FIND : c. Determine the energy saved for a one-year period, if the pump
● P = 100 W × 10 = 1,000 W ● Energy consumed is switched off 8 hr a day.
● t = (24h)(30)(12) = 8,640 ● Utility energy charge d. Calculate the energy cost savings for this period at a rate of
$0.12/kWh, if the pump is switched off 8 hr a day.
SOLUTION:
GIVEN : FIND :
Energy consumed : Utility Energy Charge :
● P = 450 W = 450 W ● Energy consumed
𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡 $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑞 • $/𝑘𝑊ℎ
● t = (24h)(30)(12) = 8,640 ● Utility energy charge
= 1, 000 (24)(30)(12) = 8, 640 𝑘𝑊𝐻 ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ )
SOLUTION:
(
1𝑘𝑊
= 8, 640, 000 1000 𝑊 )
$𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = $1, 036. 80/𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
Energy consumed : Utility Energy Charge :
𝑞 = 8, 640 𝑘𝑊ℎ $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑞 • $/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡
= 450 (24)(30)(12) = 3, 888 𝑘𝑊𝐻 ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ )
17. A 23 W compact fluorescent lamp (equivalent to a 100 W incandescent
lamp) remains lit for 12 hr a day for a one-year period.
= 3, 888, 000 ( 1𝑘𝑊
1000 𝑊 ) $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = $466. 56/𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

a. Determine the energy consumed over this period. 𝑞 = 3, 888 𝑘𝑊ℎ

b. Calculate the utility energy charges for this period at a rate of
$0.12/kWh. Energy consumed (16hrs) : Energy Cost Savings:
GIVEN : FIND : 𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡 = 1, 296𝑘𝑊ℎ ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ)
● P = 23 W ● Energy consumed = 450 (16)(30)(12) 155. 52
● Utility energy charge
● t = (12h)(30d)(12m) = 4,320 = 2, 592, 000 ( 1𝑘𝑊
1000 𝑊 )
SOLUTION: 𝑞16ℎ𝑟𝑠 = 2, 592 𝑘𝑊ℎ
Energy consumed : Utility Energy Charge :
𝑞 = 𝑃𝑡 $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑞 • $/𝑘𝑊ℎ Energy Saved:
= 23 (4, 320) = 99. 36 𝑘𝑊𝐻 ($0. 12/𝑘𝑊ℎ ) 𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝑞24ℎ𝑟𝑠 − 𝑞16ℎ𝑟𝑠
= 99, 360 ( 1𝑘𝑊
1000 𝑊 ) $𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = $11. 92/𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 3, 888 − 2, 592
𝑞 = 99. 36 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 1, 296𝑘𝑊ℎ
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
HOMEWORK THEORY QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 1:

1. Define the following terms: 4. Define the term 'parallel circuit' and explain how to calculate the total
resistance in a parallel circuit.
Voltage ➔ Also known as Electromotive Force (E or EMF)
➔ In a parallel circuit, current branches off to individual components in
(E/EMF) ➔ the driving force behind current flow
the circuit.
➔ UNIT : Volts (V)
➔ The equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel is the sum of the
Current (I) ➔ the flow of electricity in an electronic circuit inverse of each resistance in parallel
1
➔ UNIT : Amperes (A) ➔ 𝑅
𝑇
= 1 1 1 1
𝑅1
+ 𝑅2
+ 𝑅3
+ ... 𝑅𝑛

Resistance (R) ➔ a force that counteracts the flow of current

➔ UNIT : Ohms (Ω) 5. What is the difference between AC and DC? Give an example of each.
➔ In direct current (DC), the electricity or current only flows in one
Power (P) ➔ the rate at which work is done or energy is
direction or “forward”. (Ex: mobile phone batteries, flashlights,
transformed into an electrical circuit.
electric vehicles and television)
➔ UNIT : Watts (W)
➔ In alternating current (AC) keeps changing directions, sometimes
Conductance ➔ the inverse of resistance, which means that it is going “forward” then going “backward”. (EX: bulb, lamps, fans, motors
a measure of how easily the current will flow and other electrical appliances)
through the material.
➔ UNIT : siemens (S) or (℧) “mho” 6. What is the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in
an electrical circuit?
➔ Current is directly proportional to voltage but inversely proportional
2. State Ohm’s law and explain its significance.
to resistance.
➔ Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between
voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit. 7. What is a voltage divider circuit? How does it work?
➔ The formula for Ohm’s law is V=IR
➔ It is a simple circuit which can reduce voltage. It distributes the input
voltage among the components of the circuit.
3. Define the term “series circuit” and explain how to calculate the total
➔ For instance, there are two resistors connected and an input voltage
resistance in a series circuit. in a series circuit. We can create an output voltage that is a fraction
➔ In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end to form of the input. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental
a single path for current flow. circuits in electronics.
➔ The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual resistors.
➔ 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + .... 𝑅𝑛
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
8. What is Kirchhoff's Voltage Law? What does it state about the sum of
voltages in a closed loop circuit?
➔ It is a law that states that the sum of the potential differences
(voltages) in a complete circuit must be zero.

9. Explain the difference between conductors and insulators, and

provide examples of each.
➔ Conductors are materials that permit or allow the current to flow (ex:
silver, copper, iron and gold)
➔ Insulators are materials that do not permit or resist the flow of
electricity. (ex: papers, wood and rubbers)

10. Discuss the concept of power in electrical circuits, and explain how it
is related to voltage and current.
➔ Power is the rate at which work is or energy is transformed into an
electrical circuit.
➔ It is the work or energy released divided by time.
➔ P=ExI
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
PROBLEMS : 4. An electric iron has a resistance of 20 ohms and operates on a 220 V
1. Calculate the resistance of a wire that has a current of 2 A flowing supply. Calculate the power consumed by the iron.
through it when the voltage across the wire is 4 V.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
GIVEN : SOLUTION : ● R = 20 ohms 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
● I = 2A 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ● V = 220V 220 = 𝐼(20)
● V = 4V 4𝑉 = 2𝐴(𝑅) 𝐼 = 11 𝐴
𝑅 = 2 ohms FIND :
FIND : R = ? ● I=? 𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸
● P=? 𝑃 = 11𝐴(220𝑉)
𝑃 = 2, 420 𝑊
2. Three resistors of values 2 ohms, 4 ohms, and 6 ohms are connected
in parallel. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.
5. A current of 4 A flows through a resistor of 10 ohms. Calculate the
power dissipated by the resistor.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● R1 = 2 ohms 𝑅𝑇 = 1
1 GIVEN : SOLUTION :
1 1 1
● R2 = 4 ohms 𝑅1
+ 𝑅2
+ 𝑅3
+ ... 𝑅𝑛 ● I=4A 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
● R3 = 6 ohms 𝑅𝑇 =
1 ● R = 10 ohms 𝑉 = 4 𝐴 (10 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠)
1 1 1
2
+ 4
+ 6 𝑉 = 40 𝑉
FIND : Rtotal = ? 𝑅𝑇 = 1. 09 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠 FIND :
● V=? 𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸
● P=? 𝑃 = 4 𝐴 (40𝑉)
3. A 60 W bulb is connected to a 120 V supply. Calculate the current 𝑃 = 160 𝑊
flowing through the bulb.

GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● P = 60 W 𝑃 = 𝐼𝐸
● E = 120 V 60 𝑊 = 𝐼(120𝑉)
𝐼 = 0. 5 𝐴
FIND : I = ?
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
6. A series circuit consists of two resistors, R1 and R2, connected across 8. A voltage divider circuit consists of two resistors of 1k ohm and 2k
a 100 V battery. R1 has a value of 20 ohms, and R2 has a value of 30 ohm. What is the output voltage when a 10V input voltage is applied?
ohms. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit and the current
flowing through it.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● R1 = 1k ohms 𝑉𝑅
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅 1+ 𝑅2
GIVEN : SOLUTION : ● R2 =2k ohms 1 2

● R1 = 20 ohms 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ● V = 10 V 𝑉 =
(10) (2𝑥1000)
𝑜𝑢𝑡 1000 + 2000
● R2 = 30 ohms 𝑅𝑇 = 20 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠 + 30 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 6. 66 𝑉
● V = 100 V FIND : Vout = ?
𝑅𝑇 = 50 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
FIND : 9. A 24-volt battery is connected to a resistor with a resistance of 8
● Rtotal = ? 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ohms. What is the current flowing through the circuit?
● I=? 100𝑉 = 𝐼 (50)
𝐼 = 2𝐴
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● R1 = 8 ohms 𝐼 =
𝑉
7. A parallel circuit consists of three resistors, R1, R2, and R3, connected ● V = 24 V
𝑅
24 𝑉
across a 100 V battery. R1 has a value of 10 ohms, R2 has a value of 20 𝐼 = 8 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
ohms, and R3 has a value of 30 ohms. Calculate the total resistance of FIND : I = ? 𝐼 = 3𝐴
the circuit and the current flowing through it.
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
● R1 = 20 ohms 1 10. A circuit with a power of 500 watts and a voltage of 100 volts has a
𝑅𝑇 =
current of how many amperes?
1 1 1 1
● R2 = 30 ohms 𝑅1
+ 𝑅2
+ 𝑅3
+ ... 𝑅𝑛

● V = 100 V 1
𝑅𝑇 = 1 1 1
+ +
FIND :
10 20 30
GIVEN : SOLUTION :
RT = 5.45 ohms ● P = 500 W 𝑃
● Rtotal = ? 𝐼 = 𝑉
● I=? ● V = 100 V 500 𝑊
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 𝐼 = 100 𝑉
100𝑉 = 𝐼 (5. 45) FIND : I = ? 𝐼 = 5𝐴
𝐼 = 18. 35 𝐴
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 2: 4. What is the difference between a wye-connected and
delta-connected transformer?
1. What are power generation, transmission, and distribution? ➔ Delta (Δ)
The three stages of electric power supply: - has its winding connected in series in the form of a triangle.
➔ Wye (Y)
(1) Power generation - an industrial facility that houses equipment to
- has three independent transformer windings that are
generate electrical energy. connected at a common point, called a neutral or star point.
(2) Transmission - Transmission lines are constructed between
transmission substations located at electric generating stations. 5. What is the difference between a step-down and step up transformer?
(3) Distribution - The distribution system connects the transmission ➔ Step-down transformer - has a secondary voltage that is less than
system to the customer’s equipment its primary voltage.
➔ Step-up transformer - is one with a secondary voltage that is
2. What is the service entrance of a building electrical system and what greater than its primary voltage
are its components?
➔ The service entrance is where the wires connected to the load 6. What is a circuit breaker and where is it used in a building electrical
side of the meter enter the house or building. The service entrance system?
in a residence is commonly thought of as a breaker or fuse box. ➔ It is an overcurrent protection device that (1) acts as a switch that
➔ Its components are meter, breaker panel, circuits, and wires. can be opened and closed manually, and (2) it automatically “trips
off,” which opens the circuit when current flowing through it
3. What are the functions and differences of switchboards and exceeds the circuit rating.
panelboards?
➔ Switchboard - large cabinet or assembly of metal cabinets in which 7. What is a fuse and where is it used in a building electrical system?
is connected disconnecting switches, overcorrect protection ➔ It consists of a strip of metal with a low melting temperature.
devices (fuses or circuit breakers), other protective devices, and ➔ Under normal operation, electricity flows through the metal strip.
instruments designed to divide large amounts of electrical current However, when its current rating is exceeded, the metal strip heats
into smaller amounts of current used by electrical equipment. up and melts and the circuit is opened, thereby interrupting
➔ Panelboards - one or more metal cabinets that serve as a single current flow.
unit, including buses, automatic overcurrent protection devices
(fuses or circuit breakers) 8. What types of fuses are used in building electrical systems?
(1) AC Fuse - high voltage fuse
(2) DC Fuse - low voltage fuse
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
9. What is the difference between a receptacle and plug-in building 14. Describe series and parallel circuit. Which is used in building
electrical systems? electrical systems?
➔ Receptacle - a female connecting device with slotted contacts. It ➔ Parallel circuit is used in most of household electrical wiring
is installed at an outlet or on equipment, where it is intended to installation
easily establish an electrical connection with an inserted plug
➔ Plugs - typically connected to a flexible cord that is attached to a 15. What are the types of specialty switches?
portable appliance, light, or equipment. Receptacles and plugs (a) Automatic Switches
offer a simple way to attach or detach an appliance or piece of ➔ deactivate a circuit after a preset time period has lapsed
equipment to/from an electrical outlet ➔ the operator determines the operating time interval
(b) Dimmer Switches (SD)
10. Distinguish between the terms appliance and device. Give examples ➔ A device in the electrical circuit for varying power to a circuit
of each. ➔ Usually included in a lighting installation to vary the intensity of
➔ Appliance - equipment designed to perform a specific function light emitted by the lights
such as cooking, cleaning, cooling, or heating (c) Time Clocks
➔ Device - is something made for a purpose, usually a tool, an ➔ used to control the time period that a piece of equipment or a
instrument or equipment. lighting installation operates
➔ Electronic timers allow greater flexibility as they can easily be set
11. What types of switching configuration is used to control a lighting for 7-day cycles.
installation from two points? What types of switches are used and (d) Photocell Controls
how are switches arranged in the circuit? ➔ sense light and open or close a circuit with the presence of light
➔ skip (e) Occupancy Sensors
12. What types of switching configuration is used to control a lighting ➔ control a lighting or equipment installation by sensing occupants
installation from three points? What types of switches are used and in a space
how are switches arranged in the circuit? ➔ Usually mounted on the wall or ceiling
skip (f) Infrared Sensors
➔ respond to the motion of an infrared heat source, such as a
13. What types of switching configuration is used to control a lighting person or animal.
installation from four points? What types of switches are used and ➔ The sensor must have a direct line of 2. 13 sight to the infrared
how are switches arranged in the circuit? heat source to detect motion
(g) Ultrasonic Sensors
➔ emit a high-frequency sound that is in the range of 25 to 40
kilohertz and well above the capacity of normal human hearing
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
➔ Can detect small movements - consists of two or more insulated conductors enclosed
within a moisture-resistant, flame-retardant outer sheathing
16. What are types of conductor (wire) materials and where are they used or jacket that is very flexible.
- Reserved for use in dry, indoor applications.
in building electrical systems?
(2) NMC
➔ Aluminum - lightweight, affordable, and can be used in diverse - has conductors encased in the sheathing.
applications - enclosed within an overall, corrosion resistant, nonmetallic
➔ Copper - can move electricity efficiently and is both inexpensive jacket
and versatile. Bare copper is used often, but a copper conductor - Can be used in dry and damp applications but not wet and
can also be tinned or silver-coated to improve performance. exposed conditions.
➔ Steel - may also be used as a conductor but it isn't as common as
Underground Feeder Cable (UF)
aluminum or copper because it doesn't conduct electricity as
➔ Flame retardant and moisture, fungus, and corrosion
well. Mostly used for grounding conductors or in cables requiring resistant.
exceptional mechanical strength ➔ Available in No. 14 AWG copper and No. 12 AWG through No.
➔ High-strength Alloys - solutions made with one or more metallic 4/0 AWG
elements. Are generally stronger than the elements used alone. ➔ Looks like NM or NMC except that the sheathing fully encases
Though they are common conductor materials, they are generally the insulation-covered conductors.
silver-plated or nickel-plated as well. ➔ Used in direct-burial applications as a feeder or branch
circuit provided it is protected by an overcurrent protection
device (fuse or circuit breaker) before it leaves the
17. What are types of conductor insulation materials and where are they panelboard.
used in building electrical systems?
Cable 18. What is a cable and where is it used in building electrical systems?
➔ Contains more than one conductor bundled together in a factory ➔ It contains more than one conductor bundled together in a factory
assembly of wires. assembly of wires. An outer sheathing encases and protects the
➔ An outer sheathing encases and protects the conductors,
conductors, simplifying installation of multiple wiring.
simplifying installation of multiple wiring.
Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable
➔ Classified as type NM or NMC and commonly called by its trade 19. What is a cord and where is it used in building electrical systems?
name, Romex. ➔ Made of stranded conductors within a flexible insulated sheathing
➔ can typically be used only in one- and two-family dwellings, and material
in multifamily dwellings permitted to be of Type III, IV, and V ➔ Designed for flexibility and bending
construction. ➔ Use on power tools, large stationary equipment, or detachable
(1) NM
computer power cords.
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
20. What is a bus (bar)? except it is much smoother and is labeled with a UL Listed stamp or
➔ An electrical conductor (usually copper or aluminium) that serves as a label.
common connection for two or more electrical circuits. ➔ Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) - a galvanized steel or aluminum
tube that has a thinner wall than rigid metal conduit
21. What are power loss and voltage drop and how are they related?
➔ Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) - a thin-walled galvanized steel or
➔ Power loss - heat generated by current flow through a conductor
aluminum tube in nominal diameters up to 4 in.
results in a loss of power. Power loss is converted directly to heat and
➔ Electrical nonmetallic tubing (ENT) - a flame-retardant corrugated
is equivalent to heat produced
plastic tube that is semiflexible such that it can be bent by hand.
➔ Voltage Drop - is directly proportional to power loss because current
➔ Rigid nonmetallic conduit - a thin-walled pipe of PVC. It is joined with
flow (I) through a conductor will not change.
fittings that are solvent welded
➔ Flexible metal conduit - is similar to armored cable, but it is installed
22. What is ampacity?
without cables or wiring in it; wiring must be pulled.
➔ the maximum current (in amperes) it can carry continuously without
➔ Liquid tight flexible metal conduit - is similar to flexible metal conduit,
exceeding the temperature limitations of the insulation and sheathing
but it is covered with a plastic, watertight jacket that is sunlight
material.
resistant.
➔ Liquid tight flexible nonmetallic conduit is a flexible plastic conduit
23. What factors is the ampacity of a conductor based on?
used in a manner similar to flexible metal conduit.
➔ Wire thickness (thicker wires have larger cross-sectional areas and
➔ Liquid tight flexible nonmetallic conduit - is a flexible plastic conduit
can carry more electrical current without overheating)
used in a manner similar to flexible metal conduit.
➔ Types of conductor material (at a specific current and conductor
size, aluminum produces more heat than copper)
25. What is a busway and where is it used in building electrical systems?
➔ Insulation and sheathing type (some insulation materials handle heat
➔ a standardised, factory-assembled enclosure consists of outer
better than others)
duct-like housing, bus bars, and insulators.
➔ Number of conductors (more conductors concentrate heat in an area)
➔ typically used in service equipment or as feeders because these
➔ Temperature and exposure of the conductor
systems are designed to carry large amounts of current.

24. What are types of raceways used in building electrical systems?

26. How are electric motors rated?
Explain each.
➔ Electric motors are rated in horsepower (hp). One horsepower is
➔ Raceway - an enclosed channel such as a conduit, tube, or gutter
equivalent to 33 000 foot-pounds (ft-lb) of work per minute (550
designed for holding wires, cables, or bus bars.
ft-lb/s). This is about 1⁄8 the power an adult can produce continuously
➔ Rigid metal conduit - s a heavy galvanized steel or aluminum tube that
looks like the galvanized steel pipe used for plumbing applications
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
27. With regard to electric motors, what are LRA, RLA, and FLA? 32. What is a tamper-resistant receptacle?
Skip ➔ Tamper-resistant receptacles have built-in shutter systems that
prevent foreign objects from touching electrically live components
28. What are the types of motors used in building electrical systems? when these are inserted into the slots
➔ Universal motor is a fractional horsepower (less than one horsepower)
motor designed to operate on both AC and DC power. It operates at 33. What is a GFCI, how does it function, and where is it used?
high speeds under light load and low speeds with heavy load. ➔ Ground Fault Circuit Interreupter (GFCI)
➔ Split-phase motor operates on single-phase AC only. This type of ➔ is an electrical device that detects an extremely low leak (6 mA) of
motor starts slowly with low torque so it is not capable of starting electrical current (called ground faults) and acts quickly to shut off
heavy loads. power
➔ Capacitor motor operates on single-phase AC only. Capacitor-star ➔ designed to protect the user of an electrical appliance much like a
motors have a capacitor that stores and discharges energy to help circuit breaker or fuse safeguards the wiring in an electrical system
start the motor rotor. ➔ When GFCI detects leakage to ground that exceed 6 mA, it
➔ Induction motors use electromagnetic induction to cause the motor automatically switches off power, thereby protecting a person from
rotor to turn. Repulsion-start induction motors are capable of the dangerous effects of electrical shock.
handling heavy starting loads
34. What is an AFCI, how does it function, and where is it used?
29. What does a motor service factor indicate? ➔ Arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) is a safety device that provides
➔ Motor Service Factor (SF) is the percentage of overloading the motor enhanced protection from fires resulting from arc faults.
can handle for short periods when operating normally within the ➔ Uses electronics to recognize an arc fault and interrupts the circuit
correct voltage tolerances. when the fault occurs.
➔ Monitors the current and voltage characteristics in a circuit, senses
30. What is a motor controller? variations in these characteristics, and automatically opens the
➔ Motor controller is a switching device designed to start, stop, and circuit (trips the AFCI breaker) when arc fault characteristics are
protect the motor. detected.

31. What is a variable-frequency drive (VFD) and what is its advantage?

➔ Variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a solid-state electronic power
conversion device used for controlling the rotational speed of an AC
electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power
supplied to the motor.
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
35. What is a surge protection device (SPD), how does it function, and 39. What is an inrush current limiter, and where is it used?
where is it used? ➔ protects circuits that encounter high inrush loads up to 30 times the
➔ An electrical device that prevents power surges from reaching rated current for one-half cycle at 60 Hz and eliminate nuisance
electric and electronic equipment or other device. tripping
➔ It instantaneously limits the transient voltage from a power surge to a
level that is safe for the equipment they protect by diverting the large 40. In a single panelboard, what is the maximum number of overcurrent
surge current safely to ground. protection devices that may be used for protecting lighting/appliance
➔ The SPD diverts the surge by allowing the current to flow past rather branch circuits?
than through the protected equipment. ➔ 42 overcurrent devices
41. It is referred to in the trade by several names: power panel, load
36. What is GFP, how does it function, and where is it used? center, distribution center, or main power panel. Code refers to it by a
➔ Ground Fault Protection (GFP) single name. Identify this name.
➔ designed to detect and rapidly interrupt low-level equipment ground ➔
faults.
➔ Operates the same principle as GFCI protection PROBLEM SOLVING :
1. With respect to conductor insulation, interpret the following
37. What is lightning protection, how does it function and where is it Conductor insulation designations:
used?
➔ Provides a direct path for the lightning bolt to follow to ground and it T Thermoplastic insulation
must prevent destruction, injury, or death as the current travels that
N Nylon jacketed
path.
➔ Placed within 2ft of the building ends and on the top of cupolas, 𝐻
𝑎 Heat resistant: temperature rated at 167°F (75°C)
chimneys, antenna mast, and towers. HH Extra heat resistant: temperature rated at 194°F (90°C)
𝑊
𝑏 Moisture resistant
38. What is EMF and why is it a potential concern in buildings?
➔ Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF)
➔ Are silent, invisible magnetic fields produced any time electricity runs 2. With respect to conductors, interpret the following designations:
through a wire, an appliance, or piece of equipment. Thermoplastic. 194℉ (90℃) temperature rating. Extra heat
➔ High levels of EMF produce electromagnetic interference (EMI), which resistant. Not moisture resistant (not suitable for conduits
THHN
reveals itself as visible screen jitter in video displays, humming in exposed to weather). Nylon jacket over insulation (slides
through conduit easier). Not sunlight resistant.
telephone/audio equipment, and data errors in magnetic media or
digital signals. THWN Thermoplastic. 167℉ (67℃) temperature rating. Moisture
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
and heat resistant. Nylon jacket over insulation (slides 7. A three-phase, four-wire panelboard must feed 42 circuits. From
through conduit easier). Not sunlight tables provided in this chapter, identify the minimum frame size
Thermoset (e.gcross-linked synthetic polymer). 194 required.
XHHW-2 ℉ (90℃) temperature rating. Extra heat resistant. Wet and ➔ 225
dry rating.
AL Aluminum 8. A three-phase, four-wire panelboard must feed 42 circuits. From
tables provided in this chapter, identify the frame sizes available to
CU Copper
meet this requirement
➔ 225 - 400
3. With respect to cable, interpret the following designations:
a. NM - Nonmetallic-sheated (NM) cable
9. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation
b. ACTH -
for the following wall-mounted, grounding-type devices used in a
c. UF - Underground feeder (UF) cable
residence that are rated at 15 A, 125 V, and serve as a connection
d. USE
method for a two-pole, three-wire circuit:
a. Receptacle - 1-15R
4. With respect to conductor insulation, describe the following location
b. Plug - 1-15P
ratings:
a. Dry
10. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation
b. Damp
for the following heavy-duty grounding-type devices that are rated at
c. Wet
20 A, 125 V, and serve as a connection method for a two-pole, three
wire circuit:
5. A single-phase, three-wire panelboard must feed 30 circuits. From
a. Receptacle - 5-20R
tables provided in this chapter, identify the minimum frame size
b. Plug - 5-20P
required.
➔ 150
11. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation
for the following grounding-type devices used for clothes dryers:
6. A single-phase, three-wire panelboard must feed 36 circuits. From
a. Receptacle - 14-30R
tables provided in this chapter, identify the minimum frame size
b. Plug - 14-30P
required.
➔ 200
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
12. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation 16. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the ampacity of the
for the following grounding-type devices used for a kitchen range following conductors: 2. 47
requiring a 50 A, 125/250 V rating: a. No. 4/0 AWG aluminum conductor with THHN insulation and a
a. Receptacle - 14-5OR temperature rating of 60°C/140°F
b. Plug - 14-50P b. No. 4/0 AWG aluminium conductor with THHN insulation and a
temperature rating of 75°C/167°F
13. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation c. No. 4/0 AWG aluminium conductor with THHN insulation and a
for the following grounding-type devices used for copy machines and temperature rating of 90°C/194°F
air conditioners requiring a 50 A, 125 V rating: 17. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the ampacity of the
a. Receptacle - 5-50R following conductors:
b. Plug - 5-50P a. No. 500 kcmil aluminium conductor with XHHW-2 insulation
and a temperature rating of 60°C/140°F
14. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the NEMA designation b. No. 500 kcmil aluminium conductor with XHHW-2 insulation
for the following grounding-type devices requiring a 20 A, 250 V and a temperature rating of 75°C/167°F
four-pole, four-wire, three-phase rating: c. No. 500 kcmil aluminium conductor with XHHW-2 insulation
a. Receptacle 18-20R and a temperature rating of 90°C/194°F
b. Plug - 18-20P 18. Nonmetallic (NM-B) cable is commonly used in single family
residential installations. From tables provided in this chapter, identify
15. From tables provided in this chapter, identify the ampacity of the the ampacity of the following conductors:
following conductors: a. NM-B cable with three No. 14 AWG copper conductors having
a. No. 8 AWG copper conductor with THHN insulation and a THHN or THWN insulation
temperature rating of 60°C/140°F b. NM-B cable with three No. 12 AWG copper conductors having
- 40 THHN or THWN insulation
b. No. 8 AWG copper conductor with THHN insulation and a c. NM-B cable with three No. 10 AWG copper conductors having
temperature rating of 75°C/167°F THHN or THWN insulation
- 19. Armoured cable (AC) is commonly used in commercial, industrial,
c. No. 8 AWG copper conductor with THHN insulation and a institutional, and multi residential installations. From tables provided
temperature rating of 90°C/194°F in this chapter, identify the ampacity of the following conductors:
- a. AC cable with three No. 14 AWG copper conductors having
d. No. 8 AWG aluminium conductor with THHN insulation and a THHN or THWN insulation
temperature rating of 75°C/167°F b. AC cable with three No. 12 AWG copper conductors having
- THHN or THWN insulation
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
c. AC cable with three No. 10 AWG copper conductors having
THHN or THWN insulation

20. From tables provided in this chapter, approximate the full load rating
for a 10 hp, 208 V, three-phase electric motor, in amperes.
- 29.0
21. From tables provided in this chapter, approximate the full load rating
for a 1⁄2 hp, 120 V, single-phase electric motor, in amperes.
- 8.4
22. From tables provided in this chapter, approximate the full load rating
for a 100 hp, 460 V, three-phase electric motor, in amperes
- 115.0
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 3: 6. How is the general lighting load for a building determined?
➔
7. How is the minimum service entrance determined?
1. What electrical code is universally used in the Philippines?
➔
➔ Philippine Electrical Code (PEC)
8. In selecting the service entrance size, what should be considered? On
a 120/240 V, single-phase, three-wire system, identify the following:
2. Describe the following branch circuits and where each is used:
a. Voltage between one grounded conductor and one
a. Individual - serves only one receptacle or piece of equipment
ungrounded conductor
such as a range, clothes dryer, large copy machine, or other
b. Voltage between two ungrounded conductors
piece of machinery
9. On a 208 Y/120 V, three-phase, four-wire system, identify the
b. General purpose - supplies two or more outlets for lighting
following:
and appliances. This may be referred to as a lighting circuit;
a. Voltage between one grounded conductor and one
this is a carryover from the days when electricity was first
ungrounded conductor
used in buildings and its predominant purpose was lighting
b. Voltage between two ungrounded conductors
c. Appliance - supplies energy to one or more outlets to which
10. On a 240 Y/120 V, three-phase, four-wire system, identify the
appliances are to be connected such as refrigerators,
following:
washers, and other large appliances and electrical devices.
a. Voltage between one grounded conductor and one
They do not supply lighting fixtures.
ungrounded conductor
b. Voltage between two ungrounded conductors
3. Describe a split wired circuit.
11. On a 480 Y/277 V, three-phase, four-wire system, identify the
➔ also known as a multi-wire circuit, can be recognized by the red, black
following:
and white wires entering the receptacle outlet box from a single cable
a. Voltage between one grounded conductor and one
ungrounded conductor
4. How many circuits are required to accommodate kitchen appliances
b. Voltage between two ungrounded conductors
in an average size home?
12. Identify five types of equipment that may require voltages higher than
➔ 7 electrical circuits
120 V AC.
13. Identify three types of equipment that may require three-phase
5. When selecting the panelboard size, what considerations for the
power.
future should be taken into account?
14. Identify the type of cable permitted in single- and multifamily dwelling
➔ service in regard to voltage and frequency as well as the interrupting
units but that cannot be used underground, nor in buildings that are
capacity.
more than three stories above grade, nor in commercial garages,
 ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
Review Questions
motion picture studios, theaters, places of assembly, elevator
hoistways, and other corrosive or hazardous locations.
15. Identify the type of cable permitted in direct-burial applications such
as a feeder or branch circuit provided it is protected by an overcurrent
protection device (fuse or circuit breaker) before if leaves the
panelboard