: ——lechure 35 Cylindey : L A cylinder is taclosecl solicl thal has tiny ] Pavallel bases commected by a cured surface. 2 A surface consisting all the points ov all The tines Which are parallel tea given hee and whieh pass Through a fined lime/ Plane carve inc ne not Pet! pavallel to the giver lime aus height [/+>4 sy ot elenot wing _| 4 Right cylinder Ved When the Two bases ave enactly over each other ane! aris is a Yisht angle te | fhe ss | @ Obligue Cyplicley | Sf one base & chisplac / Sideways, the anis is not at y, —4 ight angle. | bases. bases are ae “Pi net clip.Find an equodin of, The Cylincler saifh directx Ci y-2*25 and having elements parallel te nz[' 23] ae (x4 2J=(o wzJetti 29) eps fu 9 29i= fe y, Z,J +(t 2b st] G_y—a] sort yert 2 #3t J tat Fa He2t ze test Yaron Zee tena Sadan Yi 2-3u=2, 3-344 Baz, Ym ee Yh iz Eire 9-24 2 (-3u)™ MW Frees cylinder at yal Y-2e = (2- sd) (4-24 )=(2-3d)"J 20 Finel an egualio oh the right eytndes whose chivectrin. te the civele wilh cenbe C(5,3/0) Y= 4 Civele egualion (- g) ($e) (2 Babe$0) Dis eligi. cylinder Hyperpelic. culinly Divectrin & Hyperbola z An hyperbelic. cylinder th St poids (x, Sallicfyins Z i (14,2) Lisfyinng the eyalline ao wy-Plane 220 (y= mf ia 2 Se 2 tae aa . oo ee ane at U2Z-plane, yoo Example Discus the Surface 5uairy late Su 12y=7 Bar 12 y =i a a Se ] ' Us Vie So it wa Hyper bolic. cyliinclerNeckuye. 31 Ellipsoid ail 2 cae Sot fees 2 \| Ochdy, U-W, (2-l) : ee een (%-0)* 2 u og + 198) Be) lala ) ——— ras plist tL oe Calla 7 at be c* a@=bce | x* Bint ee ee “au ane r petite yhod zh ae X ab om BS conte. = C (0,0, 0) Vea 7 Spheroiel AAS 1 240, bc SPheroiel tit. CA aer A Ozh, (>a ,¢>b pai Properties : + Naima [i ro aes Ny Tae Biers ab te 48 s Syrametry ola ier, Ph eteernaihcti about 2%X-a hi aad £ O0h2) =£(% Y,-2) - PGmarth ,_ 20x. ” 2Y-plane , y2-Plane, 2x—plane and ovighn became X,Y a (2 has even Power in given DM f£045,2) =$l94 yaa)L . pe SST ae Exeomple — Ielonbif'y the Surface " jon Hasy* +42 aHoon = (504-2 +524 wo and find ils trees enol intercepts. Solulion loot hoon 425y% Soy 42482 = baq sass sete o) | [0226 G0) a0} [t5y* 20s) (849 Jes +[@x)%2G0)(2) 424] = = 524 +(20) 4S) *4.2* (lex-20)"+ (Sy-iS)'> (22-2)*2 -5ra¢hont 2254" (0)*(m-2)"4 15)*(4-3) 4d" (2-1) b= Joo ! | | too (x-2)"+ 25(y-3)*4 4 (za)? 2100 2 ' too(ena)* 4, 2504-3)"4 Hl2-* © Lee | ine oe lac loo a2) gp (9-3)? (2 ob 4 4 2G Ce" Was) 4 de® = 4 _ 2 5? ip elbepsaicl (xoh)* 4 (Yrw)*y (zee)? 2 ar bt ce p kembe Ch, 4) = C(2, 3,1) Traces My— Plan, 2=0 | Qeo2)" 4(Y=3)*) (ons 4 1 2 oe { m2) * Ps | Wr ry dot ae 2sfeces) i 2 Oe?) 3) See L == 25 (x2)™ AS (9-3) } Sa ellips 24 46 y2—-Plane Heo on) isn ee = i ed — = mm ws Cy z [23)* 4(Z-V" a 1h = 3 Wo Hee Pe i UZ - Plane Yso (ae)® 4 (o=3)" oy ob ie a Z ee (4-2)* sit ae 5 _ QL)” 'D Dia a — +G ain $ Gays G"_ ag | ge Bt y 7 1" Ao. traceaad » WW) xy Plan 2-2 pt ae Coes 4 uw emer, gn 2a eat ne £ 44,2) =F (2, 4-2) tis mot Symmetic about xy - Plane, x=ads xt pe Cea ct eo Y-anis cel ovigin. St is symmetric. absat m2z-plan , y2-Plane and 2-anis becamse. > amd y has even power: Y¥z - Plane Mew ae Patan ea ae Pay za 4 Bits + +@a x2-plane , Y= 7-3 ae oe eae als — wy ret at Z2-aus Yar} w= Care c + nae x 4+ +o) nklecture 3b. oH Ellipl eat pi ere = fs oerore then parabola ial lies above. 3.4 -Plana, if Ceo Then paraboloid lies below xy-plane 2 2 Joe z = 2,621, open alow 2-amis., cbove ny-Plame, ae s|¥ 3 + =-2., C=-|, open along 2-amis, below mypplame_ 2+ =Y => open _aling y-anis +2 ==> open _aleng u-aris Slp ciyetenaley v4 Pe wu me wa sats te Sysnmelric about i F(ouy,2)¢-£CUY,-2) ay — plane _|| F024 2) f(t) —2) > eres 2 F(1 yz) ¢f (1,4, -2) Y= amis £(04,2) $F (-%,-4-2) about ori | becouse 2. hog mo_even Powes im give Cyralion. SE symmetric about 3 Sra f (4,2) =f (1,42) —y2 plas Ree F452) = £(%-4,2) re 2- pl£ (4.42) = “fey eceuse. x ancl Y in gives egualiimn y> pz) Zr am's have even Power Traces ies 5 2. (af peat Alene ooe pai wt 24 2 which & possible 2a DE mly x20, yoo trace ib origin tn ay Plame 2 5 . 22) ee +02 21% ellipse (i y2z-plane nee oa 22 eb 2-7 Y =dolz, % gatabola. (Wi), x2-plane Yeo 28 eet ib pAtabola. “ian | -Tastesceet aa a 2e- Intercept: tos Zo |. i poco fh xX so (e,e,0) _ ¥- Lntercept Keo, Zs0 o+ x oe, Phen yoo (e,2,4) Z-_Inteveept _* 22 .y =o I meben 2 «siete — 0,42) | Bouneclness Blliplic_parabeloid is met bouncledi. __.a Iclenbify the erste 2S eyiay-25624120 anal fond a He inthe coorclnate planes and all ntercept. + 4 Solution 254 ya 2y 26241 20 irX™ iy 2sarty*2y 412282 Su + (yay)? = 282 26a t (ay = 252 i ; 2 zs Hr + we wt aes 4 pA. +o Zz is elliptic Pambelaid | U s Traces ny - Plane er ss mly %X=0 amd Yio, yo} (o,1,0) Yz- Plane ue0 + G-y* = 0 which is Passhies “4 | e+ Ua? te t Pavabeler -x2=plane. Anya we toe is | ete oo ks oe te | 2 | 2H +) 2252, ts parabola(D2 a= ial Jao, 250 ay Ae a ae x {¢2") = ce dso, wand which i4 _tmpossible.onecns Mo~ Intercept n-auis dv y- Intercept Uso, 250 o+ opt oy YY 0, y1=8,y2) 2. i e,1,0) H ti ener U=0 1 Ys0 o+ @-N*=2 y—te 2s (0,0,4,) Hyperbolic dsl ae Ecce a | Trates 4 2y.=plane Z=o \, = eee ye is cy ur 1] ae ae ge Be fe bu aan paberel, pp Sas | x2—-Playe __Y=o i + = ss a2, w= -atz parabala, - { y2-plane nso it t “os 2 , y= be Parabala. St at symmetric abaut Liy-plane, %-22'sp y= aru's emnel origina | because 2 has not even ouies vel Olas— It is Symmetric etbaut yz Plame, X2-Phme || anel_z mass ibecausse > ool yy — hale 7 even power in given egualion 1 Lal 2 Intercept = ~My a2 (orale) Intercept Yoo, 2=0. then x=p | Y-Intercept 220,220 Then yzo (0,040) | 2-SIntercept U=0,yz0, lhen 2=0 (0,00) Example Sdenlify the Surface = uy un -Iby -U2412 =D : fond Traces mol Intercepts. | 7 Seludinn = HY? — UK -Iby HID = 42 7 = XR4u thy Ibyti2 =4Z, 7 (4yr-cby)ei2 = (eu) = 2. |e [ey 202y)(u) +0] - [#ereoe)+Je -* 7 42 site? 9% = a | (24 jt (mea) 2 uz th 4 ait 1 2(y-2) = (ner) = 4ly-2)* _ err 4 me ot J (4-2S" = (ast) HZ st bb 4] I Hyperbolic parabolield. |Hy -Plane 2 =0 (y-2- teo 4 Yn2 =4 (442) = yoo = (Hy y-2 = = (“+2) > z 2 (9-2) = He2 Lyn t snail 2y-4 = Utrr Urry ue b= Oo a U-LYye2+4 u+1y-250 mu-1y +b6=0 Paty Dp wvakereecling line Sz= Plane. __%=20 (Ya2y* = (042)* 22, (4-2)*= 24 fe , 4 (4-1)* = 241 th pevabola- xz-plane Yeo 021)? ceslho ace yl ea ar ee a Cues ul 4-2), bere) = 1b-42, ! Parabola. Intercepts (a2) ea)” 2 2 = Inlerceps yf 2 2) 20 Nh Loa dee Chat) ie 7 = ey* (A423) = 16 pee th4 ~ Intercept Use, 208 | (yas ey" 20 (fmt) a CY nt dp lh et ag ah le a YeRt! (f= 3); year) Yyotpe | (0,3,0) (eto). 2-Intereept usz0 ,y=0 (Seopa (agi 22. coll i ee banca Ey sie AN i el nite +—— Lecture ~349 4 Hyperboloie) J} one sheet _ | a ae G-k)*_ Gxt) t contre 2 O(h, 4 — = as a 4 e Zz = 4 C(e40), along 2-ancls Heche ee ia a along y ~ ents. | ae) et be eee ee a Fr ~ J Sy seit At & symmetric about r—aruis Frans, xy -plane_, yx—plame , x2 -plane ane origin because 4, y emo 2 have ev(y-2y a4 7 yar = tt} yeRtl (=), Yistis (2,3,0) 2- Intercept mM=zo ,y=0 (o-2)> Coen 2254 = ale 0 N Zs 4et = 3% (nyo,3) lecture ~29 Hppecbalecat Stone sheet is surface Ch), GMs Bat)"e contre 2 (HY ee pee om ec valet al {3p (22,0), elong 2> als ee = 1 wpm along y~anis Zt 2 we at cpm abheng vu -ouls ae | i 41. Syrametry it IE & symmetric about moauis ,y-ands (Soars, xy-plane, ya-plome , x2 -plane anel Larigin be caste a, y ond 2 have even Power iP given equation « | xe? x +e wo Bs 4 offen ealung z= i ey rail pen adie y ~ ex - i 2w av: iit | unbounded . $ is not _bouncled Traces ay = Plane. 2 = : Hyperbole, Hyperbola Dntercepts % -Intercept wooed ae i“ (40,0) 4 C4,0,0) 4-Intercepts Wro,2=0 Bae , gebt,yeth , (one) ,(e,b,2) 2-LTntercept Mee ,yso 2 Es = 6 Nt eae en ae No, real set $e, ‘ot 2-Intercepl Boundedlness Hyperboloic «me sheecl is Example tacletif-y the surface We ty 42* bn uy 48241250 and fincl Us centve and Intercepts. Solubiem 40 1b a yy m 422482 = 12 farta2 Cayce) aud] + [42 20y)(a) 42°] [aaa ande)er']4 (u-2 4 - (m-2)* eons oe aa a Se ) = C(2,2,1) % cémhe Combe = hyperbeletd eh. me sheet Intercepts Hea gy 42? Ibn «Gy HB2 ALS U—Takeree pt Hur 16% +12 20, 43x XeS 20 (4-3) (4-1) = © sete Y=2o0, 220 4 (2x 4rtm3) x0 2 uma Bel s, HK(u-3)~1(4-3) =o, K-20, (hero) PPPOE Reed paren ahsig erates erase aa C ALS a betel peat SCM Re |e CK ace ‘in Naar occapee Ua decercop lh yRiuyti2so , che = biyae <4) 42) bu = 32 No real set $e, No y- Sutercepts Z-intereept uU =e, Y= oti 2 isis abit tle at 2 5) ae 2r22-3 20 , 2%3242-350, 2(2-3)He-3Je0 (2-3) (241) 20 , 2-320,223. (403) 24120 ,Ze-1_, (0,2,-1) Hyperboloid sp Two sheet ieee eae ar Oh)* on (2) nt coma C (ny beh ct pen ot eat on Ul Cetra eCoee) a b> c egg 22 2-1 open along Y-anis Corero) oe mas a eB Bd = -b PGleng war's (0.00) Ne ee Sheet ae eda 22 Zc 7 a x a 2 Possclole z= PE ieeceays ze penal. Ze-c¢ pe Symmetry 22 22 2 wu } ayomometry, ee fe a St Symmmetiic. about x~cau's, A Bo istt tg 2ea7 ne Yaris, Zara's , y— Plane, Y2—plane , 22 —plasre RCN | ae ted and origin becouse u,y emel 2 head ever Power in given egualinr. i coll i)2 =. ‘ 2 = lvaces oe eae Zeek a aa eae wb HY Plane zo 2 2 ede al Notrace ny pla aan a yf WD. yz -Plare rao as Pe a fs B-Hen at 2 a . Zend = Lb hyperbola Ci fez —plane Men _ 2 a In tereepts « > a (D x=tbewep? yu =o, xn} pea Qi CD Y- Lrteveept neo ? pach Yra-b*, Mo real , not mlercepts WO 2-mbereept ae 72 ant poe came (irae) here 6) Feemple. 4olewbify the surface faa 24 18184 422424 <0 | nel finch iheentie emel traces | Solebimn saat i 9B x + ay 184-222 236 Ie WY =263nls) 43°] af Gy209()43"] —[2™2.02) (1) + ¢] 3-26 +332)" ft |cD cD) cai) (34-3) 4 (39- ence ayy ae 26 4444-1 3 (nayr4 3(4)- (24)* =-4 we. y* ee 4) (2x) a q 4 ey + gee yee fe lets hyperbolotel H Two sheet with centre (1, Tain) Traces (n-1) “*UY-)*— @-Y-| ic q Hy = Plone. Zero (ery Ly (0-02 =) z 2 a (oti) Cae eel cyt + Wey™ acltd » ty) dese. may + (-y aad ay No Setabina $0, Ne hace, = yso Ss enn ay* tt = Boyt oot (%-)" = a" ee 2-* Get = 2 & hyperbola. y2-Plave 2K SO love Ur (2-y* 2-1 Loe yy (eae 7 (Pw) eae C= y= 2 ts hyperbalalecluye 40 Spherical Trigonomnely Main branch d+ mathematics UW) Arithmetic did Algebra ni) Greometyy iacionieley the mathemetical stucly 5}. properties, measurement, relationship J pets, circles, line Planes, Surfaces, angles ete. MTH 403 rests | Twwe- chimenstaned fequres SE it a figure That hos lengli camel widlls but ro deplh. in - rears mel y-couis C9, Civeles, Squares, Rectangle , Tiengles ete Three.» clemensimed figures i 4d ba fegqures | zatuls Phat has _Lengih, Wicllh emel eleplh-re-ari's, yans CG. Cube, pruteme prism, Sphere , eylinclery conte. | Types Greometry L =o | (UL) Plane geometey GL) Selted » “Geomedy fi i) Spherical Greretyy4041 fm ‘Sa Mamar oa 1. Plane gemmetry which deals wilh only ture aomensins. eg crcle Y= vowdkus ad =chametey Cem Cs 2ler= Geen Ls hengih pate 2¥H Area cp Sector = bxtg. Asuler> Selick Geometry ————7 v24py? whic deals wilh all Thieeclimeasiocs: 0-9. cube, sphere, cylinder , come, ete aged $2 is The branch o. geomehy that Slaclies relalionships involving tengih emel angles J Ttiamgles. By SpE: ne eagle =40 one angle >40 allangth SAN IN = Ack Right & obtuse ASpherical Geomehy The sly cf fiquves mn The Suvface of} The Sphere. Surface of Sphere & vat flat Streaght AB is nota bre AB Ws curve because eee tae Setfece sphere is -nob flat Spherical Triqnomety dt leads with triqangles olan om The Surface o/} sphere. not plane triangle all sides aye are. Lectuve — 4} | TntersecTins J apleme and a sphere, [FES 1 Plane ‘Spheve. | Great 7iveok _Civele A great eerele. pa Sphere. & | fhe mnterseckins dS} the sphere ancl a plant. such that th plane passes Threagh the. rae | Op the sphere. HSmall Civele . ove Sp a sphere. & Dre. Intersection d} the sphere anda plane such Mal the plame olves mot Pass Through the cenlve 5p the Sphere. Shovlest dislamee behween two powh onthe Surface if sphere /earlh Spherecal angle Gk ib the angle between live Intersecling aves on a Sphere, and & measured by the cngle loetveem the planes op The gteat cereles containg Te _ares+ a ee62) ® w) | Sph erical Triangle A spherical tiangle % a part of. surface 5} sphere formed loy thyee great civewlay ayes intersecting Pauivwive in Three vevlices. ial oe The Thee Sicles ate all The aves A greak civeles. Any Two sicles are Koo Tegether longer Than The Tuvd stole The sum ef Three cungles i gveater Thom 186° Bath imdbirichial spherical angle is tess Than 8e | Plane. tricongle \D (2 (Dy @ The Three Stokes are. shaight limes om the suyface Fe Plame Any tive sicles ave tagelhes longer than The Third Stok | The Suton oc} Dee angles & always equal to [Be° Each individual argle i less Tran 180°Mls 07 Short Lectare me 42 hi eke} Oar B)— putin Smbsinc cosA = cosa— cosbed Sinbsinc.easA + casbeose = cose Cosa. = cosbeose + Simbsine cas Cob = cosacose + Smasine coSB cose = Cosacesb + Sina sinh CoSC The Sine. formula. | (Lem) x (Lan) = [lmn]}t = [lord = [ban}i 2. (bet 20 because en) = [erli_ 2 — ©) Aes (Lion) x (Lan) = [dam lel ber] sina LHS " = (Idllonl sinc) (1tlhal seb) sim BR Sincsinb Sint Sinb sine Sin AL = (tmn]é cubase se A i (lime nel L Sina smeSmB = [len] Sina sin bb Sin = [Lenn] Stab sine SimA =Smasine SinB — SimnaSinbSin C Divided by Sina $imb sinc, Sam $inB Sine | Sind ‘Stnb SeeEguator > Righk side J S.M is 4 Eastern Lift side V/ Wenn Abnre! Stanclarel meridian (5+) aa Longilide = h0B=h Ph, 6) A Latilicl =POE = > Langit fp Khana -e- Kaba oh, = 3444-2" £ Laleducde J. Whena-e—kaba = pe Pelpiicy) tané= P-2 , é = tan'(P-4%) = Sind = Cosd tan de s tant beet ae the classical lenpidade (1) of a place can be—— KEM A.< Date! The t= (ace) CE | Ag of 2.2% re Then = (Ao-) CW Xw Bee ota 188 Ny Tae a (Ao t2). CE | Me ctr, & A 4180? Then f2[360-(ActA)] CE + Example Find the cliveclin sj Gibla o} Baclshahi Mosgue, Lahore 9, = 7418-76 be 230350 Solulim La h-e Whoa 34H 0-28 = 7418.76 -3944.2E = 2135.2'N = 34°24.5'CE a Sin (3135-4) = 0.7624 tam (3424.5) Y = cosbtanbe = CoS 31°35:4’ tan2s26.2' . pyres Sink Sim 34°24.5' Y= eS9el er C= tast'(P-2) = tari! (07624 - EH ) é = tan'(o.1723) C= 9°46-7 South Sp west