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Descriptive Practice Questions Day 1-30 RBI Grade B 2023

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LATEST DESCRIPTIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – RBI GRADE B 2023

By: Brajesh Mohan, Mentor (Banking and Regulatory Exams)


These Questions were shared on Telegram Channel on Daily basis starting from first week of
February 2023. Link of Channel – Check Here
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 1 & 2
1. Enumerate the steps taken so far to expedite and enable the resolution of NPAs in India. Critically
analyse the potential of National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (NARCL) as the “Bad Bank” in
addressing the issue of NPAs. (600 Words)
2. What is Inflation Targeting? Discuss the problems and challenges with Inflation Targeting. (400
Words)
3. What do you understand by Green Bond? What is Sovereign Green Bond Framework? Discuss the
Importance and Challenges. (600 Words)
4. What is balance of payments of a country? Give an account of its various components. (400 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day – 3 (ESI & FM)
1. Discuss the features of Old Pension Scheme (OPS), how it is risk to state finance? and also
compare it with New Pension Scheme (NPS) with suitable example. (600 Words)
2. What is the significance of National Income Accounting? Discuss the various factors affecting GDP
of a country. (600 Words)
3. What is flexible exchange rate? Explain the factors which lead to appreciation and depreciation of
the Indian rupee in terms of dollar. (600 Words)
4. What are the objectives of government budgeting? Enumerate the various components of
government budget in India. (600 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 4 (ESI & FM)
1. The economic reforms of 1991 were a comprehensive structural overhaul of the Indian economy.
Discuss (600 Words)
2. Why is Inflation considered as Social Evil? Elaborate on the demand-pull and cost-push factors of
inflation in India. (600 Words)
3. What is gender budgeting? Discuss the challenges associated with it in the Indian context. (400
Words)
4. What do you understand by public debt? Why is high public debt considered a matter of concern?
Discuss in the context of India. (600 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 5 (ESI & FM)
1. What is Circular Economy: Discuss its advantages and Challenges? (400 Words)
2. "Leaders are Born, Not Made", Do you agree? Discuss it will Appropriate example. (400 Words)
3. What do you understand by sterilization? How does RBI stabilize money supply against external
shocks?
4. What are the objectives of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBM)?
Enumerate its key features and achievements over the year.
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 6 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - What is Sustainable Development: Discuss India's commitment, Progress and Future
Challenges? (600 Words)
2. FM- What is the Difference between Transformational and Transactional Leadership? Discuss it will
Appropriate example. (400 Words)
3. Essay - Gender Discrimination in India: Discuss the role of education to promote Equality among
Boys and Girls (450 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 7 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)

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1. Discuss the role of Monetary Policy in Economic Growth? (600 Words)
2. What is Budget Deficit? Discuss various sources of Deficit financing in detail. (400 Words)
3. Essay - Rising Fintech sector and its impact on Traditional Banking System (450 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 8 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. While supporting growth is critical, signalling a return to fiscal consolidation is also important. In this
light comment on the need for fiscal consolidation and suggest ways to achieve it. (600 Words).
2. Do a comparative analysis of a Leader based on any three theories of Leadership with Appropriate
example. (600 Words).
3. Essay - Discuss the Role of AI in education (450 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 9 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI: Discuss the Role of Increasing Capital Expenditure and Tax Rationalization in Economic
Development (600 Words).
2. FM: “Emotional Intelligence leads to Leadership effectiveness”. Do you agree? (400 Words).
3. Essay - Discuss the Impact of Climate change on Biodiversity and Wildlife (450 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 10 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. Q. What is the FRBM Act, 2003? Discuss its Objective, Features and Importance in Current
Context. (600 Words).
2. Q. What is Inflation? Differentiate various types of Inflation and also suggest suitable measures to
control Inflation (600 Words).
3. Essay - What is BharOS software and how different is it from Google’s Android OS? (450 Words)
Today's answer writing Topic - Day - 11 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss the features of SAMAGRA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN. Explain how it is ensuring
equitable and inclusive quality education in India. (600 Words).
2. FM - Q. Emotional intelligence is a personal attribute that is very useful in easing conflict. Discuss.
(400 Words).
3. Essay - “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 12 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss how BoP Deficit Creates a Vicious Cycle in Economy and also suggest measures
to control BoP Deficit (600 Words).
2. FM - Q. Discuss about Nudge Theory of Management in Detail, also write it's merit and demerit.
(400 Words)
3. Essay - Circular Economy and Its Importance in Sustainable Development (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 13 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Critically Analyse Union Budget 2023-24 with regard to Health, Education and Women
Empowerment (600 Words).
2. FM - Q. What do you understand by Personality of a Leader, discuss the Big 5 Model of personality
(600 Words)
3. Essay - Role of co-operative sector in Indian Economy. (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 14 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. “The recent action of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to raise the repo rate continuously is
a recognition of the serious situation with respect to inflation in our country.“ Discuss the reasons
and suggest some measures to deal with the issue also discuss the Relation between Growth and
Inflation in Detail. (600 Words)
2. FM - Q. Do you agree that effective leadership requires power-sharing and participatory decision
making? Substantiate your answer with suitable examples. (400 words)
3. Essay - “Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”(450 Words)

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Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 15 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss the Pros and Cons of recently signed FTAs on different sectors of Economy (600
Words)
2. FM - Q. Discuss why Business ethics is considered as heart and soul of corporate governance?
(400 words)
3. Essay - Discuss the impacts of the digital divide on the education and the health sector. (450
Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 16 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. India is expected to overtake China’s population sometime around April and only widen that
gap by 2050. While having a young working population could prove a "demographic dividend",
significant challenges of providing quality healthcare, education and employment remains. Discuss.
(600 Words)
2. FM - Q. What do you understand by Organization change? Discuss the Kurt Lwins theory of
Organizational Change in this regard. (400 words)
3. Essay - Winners are not those who never fail but those who never quit. (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 17 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss the reasons for India's high current account deficit and suggest ways to address it.
(400 Words)
2. FM - Q. Discuss the Changing Role of RBI from regulator to facilitator. (400 words)
3. Essay - Impact of climate change on India's tourism industry (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 18 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss how currency Depreciation has multiplier effect on Economy. (400 Words)
2. FM - Q. Discuss the role Banks in Economic Development. (400 words)
3. Essay - Pros and Cons of using Mother Tongue in Education (450 Words
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 19 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What do you understand by Twin Deficit in an Economy. Suggest measures to control it.
(400 Words)
2. FM - Q. Discuss the role of Technology in Promoting Financial Inclusion (400 words)
3. Essay - Is Climate Change a Barrier to Economic Growth? (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 20 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss how India's Industrial Policy has shaped post Liberalisation (600 Words)
2. FM - Q. What is Inflation Targeting Framework, how it has helped containing inflation in country
(400 words)
3. Essay - Financial Literacy: Need, Importance and Challenges (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 21 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Describe the impact of GFC on banking system of India. How did India respond to that in
short term & long term? (600 Words)
2. FM - Q. What are financial markets? Types and importance of well-developed financial markets in
an economy (600 words)
3. Essay - Importance of Nutrition education for women in India (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 22 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What is Green Growth? How is Government ensuring Green Growth in India? (600 words)
2. FM - Q. "A Good Leader is a Good Follower". Discuss this statement based on the various
leadership theories by giving appropriate example. (400 words)
3. Essay - Discuss the impacts of the digital divide on the education and the health sector. (450
Words)

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Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 23 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Analyse the impact of economic policies on social justice in India and suggest measures to
ensure that economic growth is inclusive and equitable. (600 words)
2. FM - Q. "Role of Technology in Financial Inclusion, Discuss various Opportunities and Challenges.
(600 words)
3. Essay - Status and Nature of research and development in India (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 24 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What are the major impacts of climate change on India? Discuss the mitigation and
adaptation strategy employed by the country to tackle it. (600 words)
2. FM - Q. What are derivatives? Explain the difference among hedging, speculation, and arbitrage.
State the reasons for the rising growth of derivatives. (600 words)
3. Essay - The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. (450
Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 25 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What are SEZs? What role they have in development of manufacturing in India? Discuss
the challenges suffered by them. (600 words)
2. FM - Q. Investments in Infrastructure have a multiplier impact on growth and employment. Discuss.
(600 words)
3. Essay - Potential of rural tourism in India (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 26 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. Discuss the potential of PLI Scheme to make India a self-reliant country in manufacturing,
also discuss challenges associated with promoting large scale manufacturing in India. (600 Words)
2. FM - Q. What is cryptocurrency and why there is a need to regulate it? Explain with the help of
example about the role played by the cryptocurrency in financial sector. (600 words)
3. Essay - Waste-water Management in India: Importance & Challenges (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 27 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. "Investment in Infrastructure have multiplier effect". In this regard, discuss what are various
bottlenecks to infrastructure creation in India and Significance of PM Gati Shakti? (600 Words)
2. FM - Q. What are urban cooperative banks? Discuss the Importance, Challenges and Regulatory
Mechanism for UCBs. (600 words)
3. Essay - Discuss the Future of Banking Industry (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 28 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What is jobless growth? Examine the various concerns associated with jobless growth and
suggest measures to overcome it. (400 Words)
2. FM - Q. "India’s digital lending market has seen a significant rise over the years". Explaining the
significance and Challenges associated with digital lending, enumerate the recent RBI regulations
which seek to address concerns related to digital lending. (600 words)
3. Essay - Be the change you want to see in others (450 Words)
Today's Answer & Essay writing Topic - Day - 29 (ESI, FM & Descriptive)
1. ESI - Q. What do you understand by Economic Inequality? Discuss the problems of rising Inequality
in India (600 Words)
2. ESI - Q. What do you understand by Balance of Payment? Examine the factors that led to BoP
crisis in early 90s in India. (400 Words).
3. FM - Q. Explain how Maslow classified the needs of an Individual and also discuss merits and
demerits of Maslow's theory of motivation (400 Words)
4. FM – Q. Highlight the salient features of the Goods and Services Tax. Provide an account of its
achievements since being implemented and the challenges it still faces.

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Model Answer by Brajesh Mohan
Management: Q. Explain how Maslow classified the needs of an Individual and discuss
merits and demerits of Maslow's theory of motivation (600 Words)
Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, is known for his theory of motivation, also known as Maslow's
hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, human needs are organized in a hierarchical structure, and they
influence an individual's behavior and motivation. The theory proposes that people have five levels of
needs, and they must satisfy each level before progressing to the next level.
Maslow classified the needs of an individual into five categories, which are as follows:
1. Physiological Needs: The first and most basic level of needs is physiological needs. These are the
primary needs required for survival, such as food, water, shelter, sleep, and other bodily functions.
Until an individual satisfies these basic needs, they will not move to the next level of needs.
2. Safety Needs: Once the physiological needs are met, individuals move to the second level of
needs, which are safety needs. These needs include physical and emotional safety, stability, and
security, such as a secure job, a safe neighbourhood, and a stable relationship.
3. Love and Belonging Needs: The third level of needs is love and belonging needs. After satisfying
the first two levels of needs, an individual seeks social connections, love, and belongingness. These
needs include friendship, intimacy, affection, and love.
4. Esteem Needs: The fourth level of needs is esteem needs. After fulfilling the lower-order needs,
individuals seek esteem and respect from others. This includes self-esteem, recognition,
achievement, and respect from others.
5. Self-Actualization Needs: The highest level of needs is self-actualization needs. Once all other
needs are satisfied, individuals seek to reach their full potential, fulfil their potential, and achieve
their goals. This includes personal growth, creativity, self-expression, and fulfilment.
Example of Maslow's Theory of Motivation:

• Let's take an example of a young employee who has recently joined a company. The employee is
earning a decent salary and has good relationships with their colleagues. However, the employee is
not satisfied with their job and feels unfulfilled.
• According to Maslow's theory of motivation, the employee may be at the fourth level of needs,
seeking esteem and respect from others. The employee may be looking for recognition for their
work, respect from their superiors, and a feeling of accomplishment. To satisfy the employee's
needs, the manager can provide opportunities for recognition and achievement.
Merits of Maslow's Theory of Motivation:
1. Comprehensive: Maslow's theory of motivation is comprehensive and covers all aspects of human
needs, including physical, psychological, and social needs.
2. Universal: Maslow's theory of motivation is applicable to all individuals, regardless of their culture,
gender, or age. It is a universal theory that can be used to understand and explain human behavior.
3. Useful for workplace motivation: Maslow's theory of motivation is useful for workplace motivation.
Managers can use this theory to understand their employees' needs and design motivation
strategies that satisfy their employees' needs.
Demerits of Maslow's Theory of Motivation:
1. The Theory Is Too Simple: Critics argue that Maslow's theory of motivation is too simplistic and
does not consider the complexity of human needs. For example, individuals may have needs that
overlap between different levels.
2. Cultural Bias: Critics argue that Maslow's theory of motivation is biased towards Western culture
and does not consider cultural differences in needs and priorities. For example, some cultures
prioritize community needs over individual needs.

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3. Difficulty in Measuring Needs: Maslow's theory propounds that each level of the hierarchy must
be satisfied adequately before moving to the next level. However, it may be challenging to measure
how much need is met at each level, making it challenging to quantify progress.
In conclusion, Maslow's theory of motivation provides a holistic approach to human motivation based on
a hierarchy of needs. The hierarchical structure of his theory helps identify priorities and provides insight
into motivation in various settings. However, the theory's limitations based on empirical evidence,
universality, and difficulty in measuring needs mean that it should be considered in conjunction with other
theories to form a comprehensive view of motivation.

Finance - Q. What are urban cooperative banks? Discuss the Importance, Challenges and
Regulatory Mechanism for UCBs. (600 words)
The term "Urban Co-operative Banks" refers to primary cooperative banks in urban and semi-urban areas.
These banks, till 1996, were allowed to lend money only for non-agricultural purposes. They primarily
finance entrepreneurs, small businesses, industries, and self-employment in urban areas, as well as home
purchases and educational loans. The origins of the urban cooperative banking movement in India can be
traced back to the late nineteenth century, when such societies were established in India, inspired by the
success of experiments related to the cooperative movement in Britain and Germany. Most recently the
Banking Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020 amends the BR Act to expand RBI's regulatory control over co-
operative banks in terms of management, capital, audit, and liquidation.
Regulatory Framework for Urban Co-operative Banks: -
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the report of the Expert Committee led by former RBI Deputy
Governor NS Vishwanathan on Urban Co-operative Banks. Based on the recommendations, RBI has
released Revised Regulatory Framework for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) for Regulatory Purposes.
A. UCBs has been classified into four tiers based on the cooperativeness of the banks, the
availability of capital, and other factors:

• Tier 1 includes all unit UCBs and salary earner UCBs (regardless of deposit size) as well as all other
UCBs with deposits up to Rs 100 crore.
• Tier 2 – It includes UCB deposits ranging from Rs 100 crore to Rs 1,000 crore.
• Tier 3 - It includes UCB deposits ranging from Rs 1,000 crore to Rs 10,000 crore.
• Tier 4 - It includes UCBs of more than Rs 10,000 crore in deposits.
B. Prudential Norms: The RBI has prescribed prudential norms for UCBs, which include guidelines on
capital adequacy, asset classification, and provisioning.
C. Supervision: The RBI conducts regular inspections of UCBs to ensure that they comply with regulatory
requirements. The RBI also takes corrective action in case of non-compliance.
D. Licensing: UCBs are required to obtain a license from the RBI before commencing operations. The RBI
examines the credentials of the promoters, the business plan, and the financial viability of the bank before
granting a license.
The Importance of UCBs:
1. Financial Inclusion: UCBs play a crucial role in promoting financial inclusion by providing banking
services to people who are not served by mainstream banks. These banks cater to the banking
needs of small businesses, traders, and individuals in urban and semi-urban areas.
2. Employment Generation: UCBs create employment opportunities in urban and semi-urban areas.
These banks employ a large number of people, including clerks, officers, and managers.
3. Promoting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): UCBs provide credit facilities to small and
medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of the Indian economy. These banks provide
loans for working capital, equipment purchase, and other business needs.
Challenges faced by Urban Cooperative Banks:

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1. Weak Governance and Management: Most UCBs suffer from weak governance and management,
which leads to operational inefficiency, inadequate risk management, and non-implementation of
regulatory norms.
2. Capital Adequacy: UCBs face challenges in maintaining capital adequacy, which is the amount of
capital required to absorb losses. Many UCBs have a low level of capital adequacy, which makes
them vulnerable to financial instability.
3. Non-performing Assets: UCBs have high Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) resulting from imprudent
lending, weak credit appraisal processes, and recovery measures.
4. Technology Upgradation: Most UCBs lack the necessary technology infrastructure that is essential
for providing digital banking services to the urban population in the modern world.
In conclusion, UCBs play a critical role in promoting entrepreneurship, local economic growth, and
providing banking services to the unbanked urban population. The challenges faced by UCBs can be
overcome by addressing issues of weak governance, inadequate capitalization, and technology up-
gradation. The RBI has taken several measures to strengthen the regulatory framework for UCBs, and it is
important to ensure that UCBs comply with regulatory requirements.

Economics - Q. What do you understand by economic inequality? Discuss the problem of


rising inequality in India.
Economic inequality refers to Unequal distribution of wealth and income wherein some individuals in the
society have more resources and opportunities than others. As per OECD Inclusive growth is “the
economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all”. Oxfam India
recently released a report in January 2022 on inequality “Survival of the richest: The India story” which
states that top 10% owns 72% of wealth in India, there is a huge disparity between the rich and the poor
and that the pandemic added fuel to the inequality vehicle.
Economic Inequality and Its form: -
India is one of the fastest growing economies but also among the unequal countries in the world and since
India has now turned 75, along with celebration there is also a need for introspection of such inequalities
and to come up with solutions to address them. Inequality exists in many forms like income levels or wealth
distribution, health, education, household characteristics like sanitation, access to electricity, etc with
income levels/wealth distribution being the main driver for inequality.
Problems of Rising Economic Inequality in India:
Rising economic inequality in India can have far-reaching and negative impacts on the country's social,
political, and economic stability. Following are some of the major problems associated with rising economic
inequality.
I. Widening wealth gap: The increasing divide between the rich and the poor can result in a lack of
equal opportunities, social mobility, and access to basic resources.
II. Poverty and hunger: Economic inequality can lead to poverty and hunger, as the lower and middle
classes struggle to make ends meet.
III. Lack of access to education: Inequality can prevent individuals from accessing quality education
and other opportunities that can help them improve their standard of living.
IV. Political instability: When large segments of the population feel left behind, it can lead to political
unrest, protests, and demands for greater representation and fairness.
V. Decreased economic growth: High levels of inequality can result in decreased economic growth, as
the purchasing power of majority of the population decreases.
VI. Public health issues: Economic inequality can lead to public health issues as the poor may not have
access to quality healthcare and are more susceptible to disease and malnutrition.
Initiatives by Government of India to reduce the Economic Inequality
The Government of India has taken several initiatives to reduce economic inequality in the country, some of
them are:

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• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): This act provides a legal
guarantee for 100 days of employment in a financial year to adult members of any rural household.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This scheme aims to provide access to financial
services such as savings and deposit accounts, remittances, credit, insurance, and pension to the
unbanked population.
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): This scheme aims to provide affordable housing to the urban
and rural poor, with a focus on women and marginalized communities.
• Skill India Mission: This mission aims to provide job-oriented training to the youth, with a focus on
the economically weaker sections of society.
In conclusion, rising economy inequality and widening income gap in any economy can lead to several
problems if not managed well. Government of India, over the years have worked in this regard to reduce
the gap and for that many steps have been taken. To achieve the sustainable development goals and
realize the dream of becoming a developed nation by 100th years of independence, everyone will have to
work for inclusive development in this Amrit Kaal.

Management - Q. What do you understand by Personality of a Leader, discuss the Big 5


Model of personality. What is its limitation?
The personality of a leader refers to the unique characteristics, traits, and behaviours that shape their
approach to leadership. Personality plays a critical role in leadership because it impacts how leaders
interact with others, make decisions, and handle challenges. The personality of an induvial is influenced by
several factors such as cultural factors, physical factors, family, and social groups to which the individual
belongs. There are different models to understand personality and one of them is the Big 5 model of
personality.
The big 5 model of personality is a widely researched and accepted framework that defines the personality
of an individual or a leader based on the five dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism. It helps to understand the differences in the personality of a leader.
Under the Big 5 Model of Personality, the broad personality traits are stated under 5 dimensions,
that is:
1. Openness- This characteristic includes imagination and insight. People with this personality trait
tend to be eager to learn and explore new things. They are more creative and adventurous in their
decision-making. For instance, at the time of independence when our economy was going through a
rough phase, Mr. N Ranga Rao, through his creativity and strong vision founded the company
‘Cycle Pure Agarbatti’, which has now grown into a company with over 1,000 crore revenue, coming
from its business in 75+ countries.
2. Conscientiousness- This trait includes a high level of thoughtfulness and good impulse control.
Such people are mindful of details and focus on the plan through their organized and goal-directed
behavior. For instance, Mukesh Ambani with his strong and strategic plans has led Reliance onto
becoming one of the strongest and biggest companies in India. His efforts have consistently been
result-oriented.
3. Extraversion- This trait is characterized by being friendly, talkative, sociable, and easygoing. People
with this trait have a high amount of emotional expressiveness. Because of their outgoing nature,
such people are better off working in areas like sales, public relations, social situations, etc. For
instance, Mr. Aman Gupta, the co-founder of Boat has a strong marketing instinct because of his
qualities like strong and positive energy.
4. Agreeableness- This trait exhibits high signs of trust, affection, and kindness. People with this
characteristic tend to help others and present prosocial behavior. They are more cooperative, feel
empathy towards other, and cares about others. For instance, Mother Teresa had a high trait of
Agreeableness as she spent her life in assisting others and doing charitable deeds.
5. Neuroticism- This trait is characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional stability. People with
high neuroticism, are more likely to experience mood swings and sadness. These people tend to
become more irritated. Whereas people with lower levels of neuroticism, tend to be more stable and
emotionally resilient. For instance, at the time of the increasing death toll during the Covid-19

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pandemic, our Health Minister Mr. Mansukh Mahdavia had to remain emotionally stable to better
analyses the situation at hand and make decisions rationally.
The analysis of personality traits leads to a better overall understanding of an individual. However, this
model of personality also comes with some limitations, like-
1. Limited scope: The Big Five Model only captures five broad dimensions of personality and may not
fully capture the complexity of a person's personality.
2. Cultural Bias: The study has primarily been performed in the USA. Thus, there is cross-cultural
validity possibilities.
3. The number 5 is not magical: Each trait is too broad, further researchers believed that there will be
more sets of traits affecting personality.
4. Situational factors: The Big Five Model does not account for situational factors that may impact a
leader's behavior, such as organizational culture or environmental factors.
5. An individual’s personality traits are not fixed, instead can be changed, and learned over time.
6. This study of personality determination for an individual is time-consuming.
In conclusion, the personality of a leader is a crucial factor in understanding their approach to leadership.
The Big Five Model is a popular model of personality that identifies five broad dimensions of personality
that can help describe a person's overall personality profile. While it has been widely used in research and
practice, it is not without limitations, and it is essential to consider the situational and cultural factors that
may impact a leader's behavior.

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