Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Statistics S1 (WST01) Paper 01
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P72072A
Publications Code WST01_01_MS_2301
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
 PEARSON EDEXCEL IAL MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method. In Mechanics they
are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical principle to produce an equation.
e.g. resolving in a particular direction, taking moments about a point, applying a suvat equation,
applying the conservation of momentum principle etc.
The following criteria are usually applied to the equation.

To earn the M mark, the equation

(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) be dimensionally correct i.e. all the terms need to be dimensionally correct
e.g. in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’ term or ‘mass x distance’, if we
allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.
For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos) must be resolved to
earn the M mark.

M marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been earned.
e.g. when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for example, resolving in two
directions and there is then an M mark for solving the equations to find a particular quantity – this
M mark is often dependent on the two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be awarded if the
previous M mark has been earned. E.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often given for a comment
or for a graph)

A few of the A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

3. General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark schemes.

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question to obtain this
mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC: special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp decimal places
• sf significant figures
•  The answer is printed on the paper
• The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft to indicate
that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread however, the
subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers should never
be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify it, deduct
two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed out.
If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the attempts and score the
highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

 Special notes for marking Statistics exams (for AAs only)

• Any correct method should gain credit. If you cannot see how to apply the mark scheme but
believe the method to be correct then please send to review.
• For method marks, we generally allow or condone a slip or transcription error if these are
seen in an expression. We do not, however, condone or allow these errors in accuracy
marks.
Question Scheme Marks
Time taken (t minutes) 5 – 10 10 – 14 14 – 18 18 – 25 25 – 40
1 (a) B1
Frequency (f) 10 16 24 35 15
(1)
24 x − 26 16 − 14
(b) 10 + 16 + (2 × 6) or 10 + 16 + or = M1
2 50 − 26 18 − 14
= 38 A1
(2)
(c)  ft =  7.5  10 + 12  16 + 16  24 + 21.5  '35'+ 32.5  '15'[ = 1891] M1
1891
Mean = = 18.91 A1
100
(2)
41033  1891  2 41033 − 100  '18.91'2
(d) Standard deviation = − '  ' or M1
100  100  99
= 7.262... or 7.298… awrt 7.26 or awrt
A1
7.3[0]
(2)
15 15.25
[LQ =] 10 + (14 − 10 )  = 13.75 [LQ =] 10 + (14 − 10 )  = 13.8125
16 16
1 0.75
or 14 − (14 − 10 )  = 13.75 or 14 − (14 − 10)  = 13.8125
16 16
(e) M1
Q1 − 10 25 − 10 Q − 10 25.25 − 10
or =  = 13.75 or 1 =  = 13.8125
14 − 10 26 − 10 14 − 10 26 − 10
Q − 14 25 − 26 Q − 14 25.25 − 26
or 1 =  = 13.75 or 1 =  = 13.8125
14 − 10 26 − 10 14 − 10 26 − 10
IQR = 23 − '13.75' IQR = 23 − '13.8125' M1
= 9.25 = awrt 9.19 A1
(3)
Notes Total 10
for 35 and 15 (If answers given are in both the table and answer lines then mark the answers
(a) B1
given in the table)
24 x − 26 16 − 14
(b) M1 for 10 + 16 + (2 × 6) or 10 + 16 + or =
2 50 − 26 18 − 14
A1 Cao
(c) M1 A correct method for finding  ft May be implied by 1891 Allow one error
A1 18.91 Allow 18.9
(d) M1 for a correct calculation of the standard deviation ft their mean
A1 awrt 7.26 or awrt 7.3 if using n – 1
1 Q − 10 25 − 10 Q − 14 25 − 26
for 10 + 15 (14 − 10 ) or 14 − (14 − 10 ) or 1 = or 1 =
16 16 14 − 10 26 − 10 14 − 10 26 − 10
(e) M1
15.25 0.75 Q − 10 25.25 − 10 Q − 14 25.25 − 26
or 10 + (14 − 10 ) or 14 − (14 − 10 ) or 1 = or 1 =
16 16 14 − 10 26 − 10 14 − 10 26 − 10
M1 UQ – LQ ft their LQ provided LQ < UQ
A1 For 9.25 or awrt 9.19 if n +1 is used
Question Scheme Marks
2 (a)

5 3
&
8 8 B1
8 5
&
13 13 B1
7 6
& B1
13 13

(3)
5 4 4 5 5
(b)  +  ' ' = oe M1 A1
9 8 9 8 9
(2)
5 4 8 4 3 7 61
(c)   ' '+  ' ' = oe M1 A1
9 8 13 9 8 13 234
(2)
5 4 8  20 
 ' '
9 8 13  = 117  = 40 oe M1 A1ft
(d)
61  61  61 A1
' '  
234  234 
(3)
Notes Total 10
5 3
(a) B1 for & in the correct place on the 2nd branches Allow 0.625 & 0.375 or 62.5% & 37.5%
8 8
for 8 & 5 in the correct place on the 3rd branches Allow awrt 0.615 & awrt 0.385 or awrt
B1 13 13
61.5% & awrt 38.5%
for 7 & 6 in both correct places on the 3rd branches Allow awrt 0.538 & awrt 0.462 or awrt
B1 13 13
53.8% or awrt 46.2%
5 4 4 5
for  +  ' ' ft their tree diagram provided these are probabilities
(b) M1 9 8 9 8
Allow 5  4  ' 7 '+ 5  4  ' 6 '+ 4  ' 5 ' ' 7 '+ 4  ' 5 ' ' 6 '
9 8 13 9 8 13 9 8 13 9 8 13
5
A1 oe Allow awrt 0.556 or awrt 55.6%
9
5 4 8 4 3 7
(c) M1 for   ' '+  ' ' ft their tree diagram provided these are probabilities
9 8 13 9 8 13
61
A1 oe Allow awrt 0.261 or awrt 26.1%
234
a probability
(d) M1 for where numerator < denominator and 0 < part (c) < 1
part (c)
for finding the correct numerator Allow awrt 0.171 or awrt 17.1% or ft their tree diagram If the
A1ft
answer is incorrect then working must be shown
40 oe Allow awrt 0.656 or awrt 65.6%
A1
61
Question Scheme Marks
3 (a) E( X ) = 2a + 3  0.4 + 4(0.6 − a)  = 3.6 − 2a  M1 A1
(2)
(b) 0 < a < 0.6 oe B1
2  0.6 + 3  0.4[= 2.4] or 3.6 − 2  0.6[= 2.4] Alternative
and 0  −2a  −1.2 M1
3  0.4 + 4  0.6[= 3.6] or 3.6 − 2  0[= 3.6] 3.6  3.6 − 2a  2.4
2.4 < E( X ) < 3.6 A1
(3)
(c) Var( X ) = E( X ) − E( X )
2 2

 E( X 2 ) =  4a + 3.6. + 9.6 − 16a[= 13.2 − 12a] M1 A1

Var( X ) = ' (13.2 − 12a ) '− ( '3.6 − 2a ' )
2
M1
−4a 2 + 2.4a − 0.32 = 0 A1
− '2.4' '2.4'2 − 4  '− 4' '− 0.32'
a= M1
2  '− 4'
1 2
a= a= A1
5 5
(6)
Notes Total 11
(a) M1 for an attempt to find E(X) with 2 out of the 3 products correct
A1 for 2a + 1.2 + 4(0.6 − a) oe
This may be seen as two separate parts e.g. a > 0 and a < 0.6, Allow the use of ⩽ or ⩾ for < or >
(b) B1
We allow this to be written in words e.g. a is between 0 and 0.6
for a correct method for finding the lower and upper end of the range. May be implied by
M1 2.4 < E( X ) < 3.6 or sight of 2.4 and 3.6
A1 Allow e.g. 2.4 „ 3.6 − 2a „ 3.6
NB 2.4 < E( X ) < 3.6 or 2.4 „ 3.6 − 2a „ 3.6 scores 3/3
An attempt at an expression for E( X 2 ) with 2 terms correct. May be seen in an attempt at
(c) M1
Var(X)
a correct expression for E( X 2 ) May be seen in an attempt at Var(X) Does not have to be fully
A1
simplified, allow 4a + 3.6 + 9.6 – 16a or better
use of Var( X ) = E( X 2 ) − E( X ) 2 ft their E( X ) and their part (a)
2
M1
A1 a correct 3TQ e.g. 25a 2 − 15a + 2 = 0
correct method for solving their 3TQ e.g. ( 5a − 2 )( 5a − 1) = 0
1 2
May be implied by a = and a =
5 5
M1
If the 3TQ is incorrect then a correct substitution of their values into the quadratic formula (If a
and c are both negative, allow the omission of negatives in 4ac and allow a correct single value
in the denominator) or a complete method using completing the square or a correct factorisation
must be seen before their values of a
1 2
A1 a= oe and a = oe Allow any letter for a
5 5
Question Scheme Marks
7 1 8 M1 M1
4 (i)(a) p+q = oe q+r =
oe p+r = oe
25 5 25 M1
7 1 8  4
2 p + 2q + 2r = + + = *
25 5 25  5 
A1* (4)

(i)(b) eg p + q + r + s = 1 M1
1 2 3 3 A1 A1
p = oe q = oe r = oe s= oe
5 25 25 5 A1 A1
(5)
x 5 x + 5( x + 5)
2
x 5 x +5−5 5
(ii) + = or + = + M1
x+5 x x( x + 5) x+5 x x+5 x
x 2 + 5 x + 25 5 5
= oe or = 1 − + M1
x + 5x
2
x+5 x
25
= 1+ 2 or as x 2 + 5 x + 25  x 2 + 5 x P(C ) + P( D)  1 or As x + 5  x then
x + 5x
A1
5 5 5 5
 − +  0 So P(C ) + P( D)  1
x+5 x x+5 x
P(C  D)  1 or P(C  D)  0 A1 cso
(4)
Notes Total 13
NB In (i) Allow the use of exact decimals throughout and mark (a) and (b) together
(i)(a) M1 for p + q = 7 oe or p + q = P( A)
25
1
for q + r = oe or q + r = P( B)
M1
5
8
M1 for p + r = oe or p + r = P ( A  B )  ( A  B )
25
A1* we must see 2 p + 2q + 2r = 7 + 1 + 8 and no errors
25 5 25
any correct equation involving at least two of p, q, r and s. May be implied by two correct
(i)(b) M1 values. Do not allow just 2 p + 2q + 2r = 4 This mark may be awarded in part (a)
5
A1 for 1 or 0.2 oe This mark may be awarded in part (a)
5
2
A1 for or 0.08 oe This mark may be awarded in part (a)
25
3
A1 for or 0.12 oe This mark may be awarded in part (a)
25
A1 for 3 oe This mark may be awarded in part (a)
5
SC for one correct value M0 A1 A0 A0 A0
x2 5( x + 5) x 2 + 5 x + 25
For an attempt to add P(C) and P(D) e.g. + May be implied by or
(ii) M1 x( x + 5) x( x + 5) x2 + 5x
5 5
1− +
x+5 x
x 2 + 5 x + 25 5 5
M1 For oe or 1 − +
x + 5x
2
x+5 x
A1 for recognising that P(C ) + P( D) is > 1
A1 cso a fully correct solution showing that C and D cannot be mutually exclusive
Question Scheme Marks
 3.86 − 4.5 
5 (a) P ( L  3.86 ) = P  Z    M1
 0.4 
= P ( Z  −1.6 ) = 1 − 0.9452 or 1 – 0.945200… = 0.0548 awrt 0.0548 M1 A1
(3)
Q3 − 4.5 Q − 4.5
(b)(i) P( L  Q3 ) = 0.75 gives = 0.67 or P( L  Q1 ) = 0.25 gives 1 = −0.67 M1 B1
0.4 0.4
Q3 = 4.768 awrt 4.77 or Q1 = 4.232 awrt 4.23 A1
(ii) Q1 = ' 4.232 ' awrt 4.23 or Q3 = '4.768' awrt 4.77 B1 ft (4)
(c) 1.5 ( ' Q3 '− ' Q1 ' ) [ = 0.804] (0.81) M1
A1 A1
Lower limit = 3.428 (3.42 – 3.43) Upper limit = 5.572 (5.57 – 5.58)
(3)
 '3.42 '− 4.5 '5.58'− 4.5 
P ( '3.42 '  L  '5.58' ) = P  Z  M1 A1ft
 0.4 0.4 
(d)
=  P ( −2.7  Z  2.7 )  = 0.9930* A1*
(3)
(Calculator gives 0.99306…)
 5 − 4.5 '5.58'− 4.5 
P(5  L  '5.58') = P  Z  = 0.1021 M1 A1
(e)  0.4 0.4 
(Calculator gives 0.10218…) awrt 0.102
P(5  L  '5.58')  '0.102 ' 
P ( L  5 | '3.42 '  L  '5.58' ) = =
P('3.42 '  L  '5.58')  0.993 
M1

= 0.1027 awrt 0.103 A1 (4)

Notes Total 17
(a) M1 for standardising with 3.86, 4.5 and 0.4
M1 for 1 – p where 0.5 < p < 1
A1 for awrt 0.0548 (NB awrt 0.0548 scores 3/3)
(b)(i) M1 for standardising with Q3 or Q1 (o.e.), 4.5 and 0.4 and setting equal to a z value, 0.65  z  0.7
B1 for use of 0.67 „ z „ 0.675 This may be implied by a final answer of 4.769… or 4.2302…
A1 awrt 4.77 or awrt 4.23 for Q1 correctly labelled NB it is possible to score M1B0A1
awrt 4.23 if Q3 given in (i) or awrt 4.77 if Q1 given in (i) ft their part (b)(i)
(b)(ii) B1ft
You will need to check whether Q1 + Q3 = 9
(c) M1 use of 1.5(Q3 − Q1 ) ft their Q3 and Q1 If these are not correct then working must be shown
A1 for lower limit awrt 3.42 to 3.43
A1 for upper limit awrt 5.57 to 5.58
for a correct standardisation for either their 3.42 or their 5.58 May be implied by awrt –2.7 or
(d) M1
awrt 2.7 If lower/upper limits are incorrect then the standardisation must be shown
for a correct standardisation for their 3.42 and their 5.58 May be implied by awrt –2.7 and awrt
A1ft 2.7 If lower/upper limits are incorrect then the standardisation must be shown
or clear use of symmetry e.g. ( 0.9965 − 0.5)  2 Do not allow use of negative limits
answer is given so there must be a fully correct solution given with no errors Allow 0.9930… or
A1*
better or 0.9965 – 0.0035 oe or 1 – 0.0035 – 0.0035 oe
(e) M1 for writing or using P(5  L  '5.58') Maybe implied by awrt 0.102
A1 awrt 0.102
for a correct probability statement in either form or a correct ratio ft their lower and upper limits
M1 Allow P(5  L  '5.58')
0.993
A1 awrt 0.103
Question Scheme Marks
6 (a) An increase/change of 1°C will allow an extra 2.72 grams [of sugar] to dissolve B1
(1)
(b) 151.2 + 2.72  90 = 396 M1 A1
(2)
(c) The temperature/90[°C] is outside of the range ; so (may be) unreliable B1 ; dB1
(2)
 3119 
 12 − 151.2 
(d) Use of y = 151.2 + 2.72 x So  x =    12 = 479.63235... M1 A1
 2.72 
 
31192
S yy = 851093 −  = 40412.9166... M1
12
'479.63235...'2
Sxx = 24500 −  = 5329.4005... M1
12
Sxy = 2.72  '5329.4005...'  = 14495.9693... M1
'14495.9693...' '5329.4005...'
r= or r = 2.72  M1
'5329.4005...' '40412.9166...' '40412.9166 '
= 0.988 * A1*
(7)
e.g. the points lie reasonably close to a straight line/positive correlation and the PMCC
(e) B1 B1
is close to 1 therefore supports a linear model
(2)
Notes Total 14
(a) B1 for a correct interpretation of the gradient in context including grams and degrees
(b) M1 for substitution of 90 into the regression line
A1 cao 396 on its own scores 2 out 2
for a comment that implies the temperature/90[°C] is outside of the range. Allow extrapolation if
(c) B1
not linked to 396. (Do not allow comments that imply that 396 is out of range or the use of “it”)
dB1 dependent on 1st B1 for a correct conclusion
(d) M1 for clear use of the regression line to find  x or x (may be implied by 3rd M1)
A1  x = awrt 480 or x = awrt 40 (may be implied by 3rd M1)
M1 for a correct expression for S yy May be implied by awrt 40400
M1 for a correct expression for S xx ft their  x or x May be implied by awrt 5330
for use of the gradient to find Sxy ft their S xx May be implied by awrt 14500 or use of
M1 ' S xx '
r =b
' S yy '
for a correct expression for r ft their Sxy , S xx and S yy or 2.72, 'S xx ' and 'S yy ' If these are not
M1 correct then they must be labelled before an expression for r is given for this mark to be
awarded
A1* Answer is given so a fully correct solution must be seen
for either the points lie reasonably close to a straight line/points or data are linear/positive
(e) B1
correlation or the PMCC is close to 1 (Ignore any reference to strength)
for both the points lie reasonably close to a straight line/points or data are linear/positive
B1 correlation and the PMCC is close to 1 (Ignore any reference to strength) with a correct
conclusion
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