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Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 20 minutes
Paper
reference WCH16/01
Chemistry
 

International Advanced Level

UNIT 6: Practical Skills in Chemistry II

You must have: Total Marks

Scientific calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in theis boxes
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number andat candidate
the top of this page with your name,
number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may questions
Answer the in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over

*P71889A0116*
P71889A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

J:1/1/1/1/1/

Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 Solution A and solution B are aqueous solutions.

The compound in each solution contains one cation and one anion.
The cations are different but the anions are the same.
Both solutions are green.

(a) Give the formulae of three cations which could be responsible for the
green colour.
(2)

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(b) A student added dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, drop by drop, to samples of

each solution.
Initially a green precipitate formed in both solutions.
More aqueous sodium hydroxide was added until the sodium hydroxide was
present in excess.
The precipitate produced from solution A was insoluble and turned brown
on standing.
The precipitate produced from solution B dissolved to give a
dark green solution C.

(i) Give the formula of the green precipitate from solution A.

(1)

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(ii) Give the formula of the species responsible for the dark green colour in
solution C.
(1)

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(c) The student added hydrogen peroxide solution to C and warmed the mixture,
which turned yellow. The yellow solution was boiled to remove excess
hydrogen peroxide, cooled and then pure ethanoic acid was added, drop by drop.
The yellow solution gradually turned orange.

(i) State the type of reaction involved when the dark green solution
turned yellow.
(1)

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(ii) Identify, by name or formula, the ion responsible for the final orange colour of
the solution.
(1)

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*P71889A0216* 


(iii) Pure ethanoic acid is corrosive.

Identify the appropriate control measure to reduce the risk associated with
this hazard.
Assume the student carried out the addition in a fume cupboard, wearing
safety glasses and a lab coat.
(1)

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(iv) Describe the corrosive hazard label present on a bottle containing

pure ethanoic acid. You may use a diagram in your answer.
(2)

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(d) The student attempted to identify the anion present in the green solution A.
The student added dilute nitric acid and a few drops of aqueous silver nitrate to
about 2 cm3 of solution A.
A pale precipitate formed, which the student thought might be white or
cream coloured.

(i) Identify, by name or formula, two anions which might give this precipitate.
(1)

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(ii) The precipitate formed in (d)(i) was separated from the mixture and
aqueous ammonia was added.
Describe how this test allows the student to distinguish between the
two anions.
(2)

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(iii) Explain why, with solution A, the precipitate must be separated before adding
aqueous ammonia.
(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 14 marks)

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*P71889A0416* 


2 The reaction between the tertiary halogenoalkane 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane and

hydroxide ions to form 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol is shown.

(CH3)3CCl + OH– → (CH3)3COH + Cl–

The progress of the reaction can be followed by titrating portions of the

reaction mixture with a solution of hydrochloric acid of known concentration.
An experiment to determine the order of the reaction was carried out.
Procedure
Step 1 A flask containing 250 cm3 of an ethanolic solution of
2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane, with a concentration 0.100 mol dm–3, was placed in
a water bath at 25 °C.
A similar flask, containing 250 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, with a
concentration 0.100 mol dm–3, was placed in the same water bath.
The temperature of each solution was allowed to reach 25 °C.
Step 2 Seven conical flasks were prepared, each containing about 50 cm3
of propanone.
Step 3 The reaction was started by mixing the two solutions from the water bath in a
large flask. The flask was returned to the water bath.
A timer was started as the solutions were mixed.
Step 4 At intervals, 25.0 cm3 samples of the reaction mixture were transferred to a
conical flask containing propanone. The time was noted.
Step 5 Each sample was immediately titrated with a solution of hydrochloric acid, of
concentration 0.0500 mol dm–3, using methyl orange as the indicator.

(a) (i) Give the expected colour change at the end‑point.

(1)

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(ii) Explain the effect on the volume of hydrochloric acid required if the titration
was not carried out immediately after Step 4.
(2)

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 *P71889A0516* Turn over   

(iii) Explain how the use of aqueous ethanol in the reaction mixture allows the
reaction in Step 3 to proceed at a relatively fast rate.
A description of the forces involved is not required.
(2)

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(b) An experiment was carried out using this procedure. The results are shown.

Time / s 50 320 750 1200 2050 3180 4020

Volume of HCl / cm3 24.5 22.0 18.5 15.5 11.0 7.0 5.0

(i) Plot a graph of the data using the axes given.

(2)

Volume of
HCl / cm3

Time / s

6
*P71889A0616* 


(ii) Determine two successive half‑lives for the reaction.

You must show your working on the graph.
(2)

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(iii) State the order of this reaction. Justify your answer.

(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

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3 Moss in lawns can be treated with ‘lawn sand’, a mixture that contains sand and a
double salt, ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O.
The percentage by mass of Fe2+ in the mixture can be found by titration with a
solution of potassium manganate(VII) of known concentration.
Procedure
4.50 g of lawn sand was accurately weighed in a 250 cm3 conical flask.
The sample was shaken with 50 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid (an excess).
The resulting mixture was titrated with potassium manganate(VII) solution of
concentration 0.0200 mol dm–3.
The titration volume was 40.35 cm3.

(a) (i) State what would happen in the titration if the mixture was not acidified.
(1)

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(ii) Neither hydrochloric acid nor nitric acid can be used to acidify the
titration mixture.

For each acid give a reason why it cannot be used.

(2)

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*P71889A0816* 


(b) The ionic half‑equations for the reactions of the iron(II) ions and the
manganate(VII) ions are shown.

Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e–

MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Calculate the percentage by mass of Fe2+ in the sample of lawn sand.

(4)

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(c) The titration is carried out using the apparatus shown.

burette containing
potassium manganate(VII)

conical flask containing

lawn sand and dilute sulfuric acid

At the end‑point, the solution changes to a permanent pale pink.

To repeat the experiment, the burette is refilled with potassium manganate(VII)
and the procedure carried out again.
Give three ways in which a titration is carried out to give the most accurate
possible burette reading.
Assume that the equipment is the same, the burette is clamped in a vertical
position and that the titration volumes are read at eye level from the bottom of
the meniscus.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

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BLANK PAGE

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4 The compound 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid can be prepared by the reaction of
2‑aminobenzoic acid and ethanoyl chloride.
O O

C heat under C
OH reflux OH
+ CH3COCl + HCl

NH2 NHCOCH3

2-aminobenzoic acid ethanoyl 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid

chloride

Procedure
Step 1 Add 5.00 g of 2‑aminobenzoic acid and a few anti‑bumping granules to a
dry 100 cm3 pear‑shaped flask and fit a reflux condenser.
Step 2 Add 10  cm3 of ethanoyl chloride (an excess) by pouring it slowly down
the condenser.
Step 3 Gradually bring the mixture to boil and heat under reflux for 15 minutes.
Step 4 Allow the mixture to cool and slowly add 10 cm3 of water down
the condenser.
Step 5 Heat the solution slowly until boiling.
Step 6 Allow the solution to cool to room temperature.
Step 7 Collect the crystals of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid by filtration under
reduced pressure.
Step 8 Recrystallise the impure product from a mixture containing equal volumes of
ethanoic acid and water.

(a) Give two reasons why it is often necessary to heat a reaction under reflux as in
Step 3.
(2)

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(b) Explain why, in Step 4, water is added slowly to the cooled solution.

(2)

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(c) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used for filtration

under reduced pressure in Step 7.
(3)

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(d) The melting temperature may be used to confirm the identity of the crystals.

(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to measure the
melting temperature.
(2)

(ii) State how this melting temperature determination would show that a
pure sample of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid had been prepared.
(2)

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(e) Show by calculation that, in the preparation, 10 cm3 of ethanoyl chloride is an

excess compared to 5.00 g of 2‑aminobenzoic acid.
Data
Molar mass / g mol–1 CH3COCl = 78.5 C6H4(NH2)COOH = 137
Density / g cm–3 CH3COCl = 1.1
(2)

(f ) A student carried out the preparation using the amounts of reagents given in (e)
and obtained a yield of 56.7 % of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid.
Calculate the mass of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid obtained.
(3)

(Total for Question 4 = 16 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS

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