Math Makes Sense Grade 2 Unit 3

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U N I T
Addition and
Wildflowers, trees, and shrubs have been in

Canada’s National Parks for hundreds of years.
These plants have changed over time because of

the actions of people or changes in the climate.
The plants provide food and shelter for birds,

animals, and insects.
a r n i n g Goals
Le
• use strategies to recall basic

addition and subtraction facts
• solve addition and
subtraction equations
• estimate sums and differences
for 2-digit numbers
• add and subtract 2-digit
numbers mentally
• use personal strategies to add
and subtract numbers with up
to 3 digits
• write and solve addition and
80 subtraction problems
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Subtraction Key Words
addition facts
doubles
near doubles
sum
related facts
subtraction facts
equation
estimate
mental math
difference
• Who studied the most plants?

• Which weeks did someone not study
any plants? How do you know?
• What else can you find out from the chart?
• Make up a question about the chart.
Answer your own question.
81
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L E S S O N
Strategies for Addition Facts
What doubles fact does the ant show?
How can you use this fact to find 3 4 and 3 5?
This addition chart

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
is partly filled in.
0 0 1
What patterns do you see?
1 1 2 3 10
Find ways that these patterns 2 3 4 5 10
can help you figure out some 3 5 6 7 10
addition facts.
4 7 8 9 10
5 9 10 11
Show and Share 6 10 11 12 13

7 10 13 14 15
Talk to your partner 8 10 15 16 17
about the addition facts 9 10 17 18
in the chart.
Record any addition strategies
you talk about.
82 LESSON FOCUS Use strategies and properties for basic addition facts.
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➤ In the addition chart, the doubles are in the blue diagonal.

The green and pink diagonals show near doubles.
Near doubles are 1 more or 1 less or 2 more or 2 less than a double.
Find: 5 7
I took 1 from the
I know 5 5 10. I know 7 7 14. 7 and added it to 5.
5 7 is 2 more. 5 7 is 2 less. Now I have 6 6,
So, 5 7 12. So, 5 7 12. which is 12.
➤ The yellow diagonal in the addition chart shows sums of 10.

Making 10 or using 10 can help you figure out other facts.
Find: 8 6
I took 2 from
the 6, leaving 4.
I know 10 6 16.
I added 2 to the 8 to
8 6 is 2 less.
make 10. Then I added
So, 8 6 14.
the 4 to get 14.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 83
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➤ When you add, the order does not matter.

You may find it easier to add from the larger number.
Find: 3 6
3 6 has the same

sum as 6 3.
3 more than 6 is 9.
So, 3 6 9.
1. Think of the doubles fact 5 5 10. Find each sum.

a) 5 6 b) 5 4
c) 5 7 d) 5 3
2. Add. Show 2 strategies for each addition.

a) 7 8 b) 6 4
c) 9 8 d) 6 7
3. Add. What patterns do you see?

a) 6 2 b) 3 4
63 25
64 16
65 07
84 Unit 3 Lesson 1
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4. Add. How can making 10 or using 10 help you?

a) 8 5 b) 3 9
c) 9 6 d) 4 7
5. a) Add. What pattern do you notice in your answers?

10 70
30 90
b) Write a rule for adding 0.
6. Add. Use any strategy you like.

Show your strategy.
a) 7 9 b) 09
c) 5 8 d) 48
e) 1 5 f) 87
g) 8 9 h) 65
7. There were 9 children in a swimming pool.
Eight more children jumped in.
How many children are in the pool?
What strategy did you use to find out?
8. Use 2 or more of these numbers each time:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Find ways to make 10.
How can you tell when you have found all the ways?
Show your work.
What are some addition strategies you use? Use words,

pictures, or numbers to show some examples.
ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 8 85

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L E S S O N
Relating Addition and
Subtraction
Jan has 5 goldfish.

What are 2 addition facts you can
write about Jan’s goldfish?
Here are 2 related facts.
5 2 3 These are subtraction
5 3 2 facts.
Think about subtraction as the opposite of addition.
You will need about 20 blank triangle cards.

➤ Choose 2 numbers between 0 and 9. Add them. 13
• On a card, write each number in a corner.
• Write all the related facts on the other side.
➤ Continue to build your card collection.
7 6
Show and Share
Share the cards to play a game. Take turns.
➤ Player 1, show the 3 numbers
on the front of a card.
➤ Player 2, tell what facts are 7 ⴙ 6 ⴝ 13
6 ⴙ 7 ⴝ 13
on the back of the card. 13 ⴚ 6 ⴝ 7
➤ You win the card when you give 13 ⴚ 7 ⴝ 6
all the correct facts.

The winner is the one with the most cards at the end.
86 LESSON FOCUS Recall basic subtraction facts.

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Every subtraction fact has a related addition fact.

To subtract, we can think addition.
On Monday, 13 children signed up for lacrosse.
On Tuesday, 6 more children signed up.
How many more children signed up
on Monday?
Find 13 ⫺ 6.
Think addition.
6 ⫹ ? ⫽ 13
What do I add to 6 to get 13?
I started at 6. I need I know 6 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 12.

4 more to get to 10, So, 6 ⫹ 7 ⫽ 13.
and 3 more to get to 13.
4 ⫹ 3 ⫽ 7. So, 6 ⫹ 7 ⫽ 13.
Since 6 ⫹ 7 ⫽ 13, then 13 ⫺ 6 ⫽ 7.
Unit 3 Lesson 2 87
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1. Write the related facts for each fact.

a) 5 9 14 b) 6 7 13 c) 12 4 8 d) 14 7 7
2. Write the related addition facts for each subtraction fact.
a) 15 8 7 b) 10 6 4 c) 17 8 9 d) 11 5 6
3. Write all the related facts that use each set of numbers.
a) 11, 4, 7 b) 6, 5, 11 c) 9, 9, 18 d) 3, 9, 12
4. Subtract. Explain your strategy.
a) 10 7 b) 14 6 c) 18 9
d) 15 8 e) 12 7 f ) 14 5
5. a) Subtract. What pattern do you notice in the answers?
20 40 60 80
b) Write a rule for subtraction facts where one of the numbers is 0.
6. There were 17 children in line for the school bus.
Eight children got on the bus.
How many children were still in line?
7. Chintan read 16 books in 4 weeks.

He read 7 books in the first 2 weeks.
How many books did Chintan read
in the last 2 weeks?
8. Five is one number in a subtraction fact.
What might the other numbers be?
Write the subtraction fact. Write all the related facts.
How can you use addition to help you recall the answer
to a subtraction fact?
88 ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 8

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L E S S O N
Addition and Subtraction
Equations
How Many Are Missing?

You will need 18 counters. Take turns.
➤ Take between 10 and 18 counters.
➤ Put some counters in one hand
and some in the other.
➤ Tell your partner how many
counters you have altogether.
➤ Show how many you have in
one hand.
Ask your partner how many you
have in the other hand.
Show and Share

What strategies did you use to find the missing number?
Share your ideas with another pair of classmates.
An equation is a statement that 2 things are equal.

These are all equations.
7 3 10 835
10 7 3 583
2873 10 5 8 3
7 ⵧ 10 8ⵧ5
LESSON FOCUS Find the missing number in an equation. 89

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Kelsey’s mother bought 15 cupcakes.

She put 6 cupcakes on a plate
and left the rest in the box.
How many cupcakes are in the box?
Use an equation to find out.
You can use a symbol to represent
the number of cupcakes in the box.
You know:
and
?
So, we can write this equation: 6 ⫹ 䉭 ⫽ 15
makes 15 altogether
You can use any
symbol you like for the
missing number.
We use 䉭.
Here are some strategies children used

to solve this equation. Solving an equation
means finding the
➤ Lisa took 15 counters.
missing number.
She put 6 of the counters in a group to show
the number of cupcakes on the plate.
Lisa had 9 counters left over.
So, the missing number is 9.

➤ Abe used mental math.
He knows 6 ⫹ 10 ⫽ 16, so 6 ⫹ 9 ⫽ 15.
90 Unit 3 Lesson 3
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➤ Byron used guess and check to solve 6 䉭 15.

He guessed 6 for 䉭 and added: 6 6 12
The sum is too low.
The sum is too low, but closer to 15.
➤ Avril started at 6 and counted up to 15.
She used a number line to keep track.
+4 +5 4+5=9
6 10 15
So, 15 – 6 = 9
The missing number is 9.

There are 9 cupcakes in the box.
1. True or false?
a) 4 5 9
b) 4 3 7 1
c) 5 2 3 4
d) 9 2 7
e) 7 2 8 1
f) 7 12 6
g) 3 1 10 6
h) 7 5 12 5
2. Jim counted up to solve the equation +3 +3 3+3=6

7 첸 13.
He used a number line to keep track. 7 10 13
Solve the equation. So, 13 – 7 = 6
How does the number line show
the solution?
Unit 3 Lesson 3 91
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3. Write each equation with a different symbol.

Use counters to solve each equation. Sketch your counters.
a) 5 쎻 14 b) 쎻 3 11 c) 5 5 쎻
4. Use guess and check to solve each equation.

a) 6 䉭 11 b) 쎻 6 7 c) 14 쎻 7
5. Solve each equation. Use any strategy you wish.

a) 12 첸 7 b) 13 8 쎻 c) 10 䉭 8
6. Use , , , and 첸, together with numbers.

Write all the equations you can for the pictures below.
7. Sophie saw 11 lemurs at a zoo.

Seven of them were red-ruffed lemurs.
The others were ring-tailed lemurs.
How many ring-tailed lemurs
did Sophie see?
Explain your strategy.
What is your favourite strategy for solving an addition equation?

Can you always use it?
Use words and numbers to explain.
92 ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 6

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L E S S O N
Estimating Sums
When you do not need an exact answer, you estimate.

When you estimate a sum, you predict a number that is close
to the number you would get by adding.
Evan’s class is earning money for a charity.

They earn $46 selling tickets to a movie
and $38 at their craft sale.
About how much money did they earn?
Explain how you estimated.
Show and Share

Share your estimate with another pair
of classmates.
What strategies did you use?
Did you each have different answers?
Why do you think that happened?
Kaori and Brian are rolling nickels their class collected for a charity.
Kaori counted 59 nickels.
Brian counted 23 nickels.
About how many nickels did they roll altogether?
LESSON FOCUS Use estimation strategies to predict sums. 93

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Estimate to predict the sum: 59 23

➤ Kaori adds only the digits in the tens place.
59 has 5 tens.
23 has 2 tens.
Add the tens: 5 tens 2 tens 7 tens, or 70
Kaori estimates they rolled about 70 nickels.
➤ Brian takes each number to the closest 10.
59 is closest to 60.
Add: 60 20 80
Brian estimates they rolled about 80 nickels.
➤ Gemma takes one number to the closest 10.
59 is closest to 60. There are many
Add: 60 23 83 ways to estimate
Gemma estimates they rolled about 83 nickels. a sum.
1. Which number is the better estimate for each sum?

a) 61 22 is about 80 or 90? b) 54 13 is about 60 or 70?
2. Estimate each sum.

a) 29 38 b) 71 12 c) 11 45 d) 44 44
3. Sally estimated these sums.

Tell whether you think each estimate
is greater than or less than the sum.
Why do you think so?
a) 54 36 is about 80
b) 19 17 is about 40
c) 27 62 is about 87
d) 36 35 is about 70
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4. Caroline’s friends donated 43 stuffed animals and 26 toy cars

to a toy drive.
They estimate that they donated about 70 toys.
How might they have estimated?
5. Debra has 52 stickers in her sticker book.
She was given a bag of 39 stickers.
About how many stickers does Debra have?
6. Some children chose a
Canadian astronaut and a
space shuttle as the topic
for a project.
Forty-three chose Julie Payette
on the Space Shuttle Discovery.
Thirty-eight chose Dave Williams
on the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
a) About how many worked
on the projects?
Explain 2 strategies to estimate
the solution.
b) Which strategy do you prefer? Why?
7. Thirty-two boys and 42 girls will be at a fair.

Each child will receive a prize.
Trudy and Greg want to estimate the number
of prizes needed.
Trudy estimated: 30 ⫹ 40 ⫽ 70
Greg estimated: 30 ⫹ 50 ⫽ 80
a) Show a different way to estimate
the number of prizes.
b) Which estimate would you use? Why?
Explain the difference between guessing and estimating.

When is an estimate all that is needed?
Use examples to show your thinking.

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L E S S O N
Adding 2-Digit Numbers
Jordan’s school had a Walk-A-Thon to raise money

for an animal shelter.
The teachers gave out 46 bottles of juice and 18 bottles of water.
How many drinks did the teachers give out?
➤ Estimate to predict the answer.
➤ Use any materials or strategies you wish to solve the problem.
Show and Share

Share your strategies with another pair of classmates.
Which strategy do you find easiest to understand?
There are 45 dogs in the animal shelter.

There are 37 cats at the same shelter.
How many cats and dogs are there in the shelter?
Find: 45 37
40 30 70. 37 is about 40.
I estimate the answer 45 40 85. So, my
is about 70. estimate is about 85.
96 LESSON FOCUS Use personal strategies to add 2-digit numbers and to estimate.
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Here are different strategies children used

to solve the problem.
➤ Hannah uses Base Ten Blocks on a place-value mat
to add 45 37.
Tens Ones Show 45 with 4 tens and 5 ones.

Show 37 with 3 tens and 7 ones.
45
37
Tens Ones 5 ones and 7 ones is 12 ones.

Put 10 ones together to make 10.
Tens Ones Trade 10 ones for 1 ten.
1
45
37
2
Tens Ones This makes 8 tens and 2 ones.
1
45
37
82
Unit 3 Lesson 5 97
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➤ Marissa and Jeremy record 45 and 37 as tens and ones.

45 40 5
37 30 7
They add the tens and ones separately and combine the results.
• Marissa adds from left to right.
Add the tens: 40 30 40 + 30 = 70
Add the ones: 5 7 5 + 7 = 12
Add the sums: 70 12 70 + 12 = 82
• Jeremy adds from right to left.

Add 7 5.
Add 30 40. 37 You can add
Add 12 70. +45 37 45 or 45 37.
12
70
82
Think of other ways

you can solve
each problem.
There are 82 cats and dogs in the
animal shelter.
The answer 82 is close to
the estimates 70 and 85.
1. Estimate first. Then add.

a) 25 13 b) 11 67 c) 30 28 d) 44 34
2. Add. Use any strategies you wish.

a) 43 9 b) 56 6 c) 24 8 d) 67 27
3. Add. Show your strategies.

a) 57 b) 35 c) 16 d) 28
7 19 78 6
98 Unit 3 Lesson 5
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4. Add. Record each addition sentence.

a) 50 ⫹ 35 b) 49 ⫹ 34 c) 48 ⫹ 33 d) 47 ⫹ 32
What patterns do you see in your answers?
5. The sum of 2 numbers is 68.
What might the numbers be?
6. Write a story problem for each addition question.
a) 63 ⫹ 28 b) 54 ⫹ 9
7. Children collected bottles to recycle.

On Monday they brought in 47 bottles.
On Tuesday they brought in 39 bottles.
How many bottles were brought in
altogether?
8. For each number:
Write an addition story problem.
Estimate to predict your answer.
Solve your problem using strategies
of your choice.
Use your estimate to check.
a) 35 b) 82
9. Make a card for each digit: 5, 3, 7, 4

Arrange the cards to make addition
questions with two 2-digit numbers. 5 3
a) Find as many sums as you can.
Record each sum.
b) What is the greatest possible sum?
What is the least possible sum? 7 4
How do you know?
What strategy do you prefer to use

to add two 2-digit numbers?
Explain.

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L E S S O N
Using Mental Math to Add
When you add in your head, you do mental math.
The Toy Show has been on for 36 days.

It will be on for another 48 days.
How many days is that altogether?
Use mental math to find out.
Show and Share

Share your strategies with another classmate.
Here are some ways to use mental math to add.

➤ Maya adds from left to right ➤ Edmond uses a “friendly”
to add 63 15. number to add 58 29.
I know 63 60 3 60 is close to 58.

and 15 10 5. 60 29 89
60 10 70 58 29 is 2 less.
358 So, 58 29 87.
70 8 78
So, 63 15 78.
100 LESSON FOCUS Use mental math strategies to add 2-digit numbers.
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➤ Kumail uses doubles to add 27 25.
I know that 25 25 50.

27 25 is 2 more.
So, 27 25 52.
Use mental math.

1. Add. What patterns do you see?
a) 32 10 b) 32 20 c) 32 30 d) 32 40
2. Add. Use any strategies you wish.

a) 21 26 b) 36 48 c) 45 15 d) 39 27
3. Add.
a) 35 29 b) 48 18 c) 23 67 d) 16 55
4. How many different ways can you find 29 55?

Use words, pictures, or numbers to show each way.
5. Josh and Kara were counting licence plates.

Josh counted 49 plates from Alberta.
Kara counted 33 plates from Manitoba.
How many licence plates did they count?
Use words, pictures, or numbers to explain your strategy.
Describe 2 strategies you could use to

add 48 24 in your head.

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L E S S O N
Adding 3-Digit Numbers
St. Mark’s School sells T-shirts for gym classes.

236 children ordered blue T-shirts.
175 children ordered red T-shirts.
How many T-shirts were ordered?
Use materials or strategies of your choice
to solve this problem.
Show and Share

Show how you found the total number of T-shirts.
Share your strategy with another pair of classmates.
Try the strategy of another pair to add two 3-digit numbers.
St. Mark's School also sells hats.

It sold 257 blue hats and 165 white hats.
How many hats were sold altogether?
Find: 257 165 300 200 500
200 100 300 The answer will be less
The answer will be than 500.
more than 300.
102 LESSON FOCUS Use personal strategies to add 3-digit numbers.

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➤ Ross uses Base Ten Blocks on a place-value mat to add 257 165.
Hundreds Tens Ones Show 257 with
2 hundreds, 5 tens, and 7 ones.
Show 165 with
1 hundred, 6 tens, and 5 ones.
257
165
Hundreds Tens Ones
Add the ones:

7 ones 5 ones 12 ones
Put 10 ones together to make 10.
Hundreds Tens Ones Regroup 10 ones as 1 ten.
1
257
165
2
Hundreds Tens Ones Add the tens:

1 ten 5 tens 6 tens 12 tens
Regroup 10 tens as 1 hundred.
That’s 4 hundreds, 2 tens, and 2 ones.
11
257
165
422
Unit 3 Lesson 7 103

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➤ Jas and Nadia think of 165 as 100 60 5.

They think of 257 as 200 50 7.
• Jas uses the order 165 257 and adds from left to right.
100 + 200 = 300
60 + 50 = 110
5 + 7 = 12
300 + 110 = 410 Add the hundreds: 100 200 300
410 + 12 = 422 Add the tens: 60 50 110
Add the ones: 5 7 12
300 plus 110 is 410 and
12 more is 422.
• Nadia uses the order 257 165 and adds from right to left.
7 + 5 = 12
50 + 60 = 110 Add the ones: 7 5 12
12 + 110 = 122 Add the tens: 50 60 110
200 + 100 = 300 12 110 122
300 + 122 = 422
Add the hundreds:
200 100 300
300 122 422
There are 422 hats.
Think of other ways

to solve the problem.
104 Unit 3 Lesson 7

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1. Add.
a) 290 61 b) 9 479 c) 502 349 d) 177 674
2. Use any strategy to find the sum.

a) 340 b) 71 c) 382 d) 293
270 459 8 237
3. A family reunion was held in a park.

There were 137 children and 218 adults.
How many lunches were needed
for the people at the reunion?
4. Write a story problem that can be solved
by adding two 3-digit numbers.
Solve the problem.
Explain your solution.
5. The sum of 2 numbers is 624.
What might the numbers be for each of these?
a) One number has 1 digit.
The other number has 3 digits.
b) One number has 2 digits.
The other number has 3 digits.
c) Each number has 3 digits.
6. Add. What patterns do you see in the answers?

Explain the patterns.
a) 45 b) 400 213
40 50 400 313
400 500 400 413
400 513
How is adding two 3-digit numbers like adding

two 2-digit numbers? How is it different? Explain.

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Tic Tac Add ame
s
You will need a Tic Tac Add game board, 1 red Snap Cube,
1 yellow Snap Cube, 18 red counters, and 18 yellow counters.
The object of the game is to get 3 counters in a row.
➤ Player A puts a red Snap Cube on any number in the Player A row.
➤ Player B puts a yellow Snap Cube on any number in the Player B row.
➤ Player B adds the numbers under the Snap Cubes.
Player A adds to check.
Use any strategy
Player B puts a yellow counter over the sum
you wish.
on the game board.
➤ Player A moves the red Snap Cube
to a different number in the Player A row.
➤ Player A adds the numbers under the Snap Cubes.
Player B adds to check.
Player A puts a red counter over the sum on the game board.
➤ You may only put 1 counter over a number on the game board.
Continue taking turns until someone gets 3 in a row.
106 Unit 3
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L E S S O N
Estimating Differences
When you estimate a difference, you predict a number

that is close to the number you would get by subtracting.
Calaway Park is in Calgary, Alberta.

It has a ride called the Dream Machine
that can take 56 passengers.
Thirty-three people are on the ride.
How many more people
can get on the ride?
Estimate to predict a number
that is close to the answer.
Record how you estimate.
Show and Share

Share estimates and strategies
with another pair of classmates.
Are the estimates different for
different strategies?
Marla had 87¢.

She spent some of her money.
She has 34¢ left.
About how much did Marla spend?
Estimate to predict the difference: 87 34
LESSON FOCUS Use estimation strategies to predict differences. 107

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Here are different strategies children used to estimate.

➤ Jill writes each number to the closest 10.
Subtract: 90 30 60
Jill estimates that Marla spent about 60¢.
➤ Robert subtracts only the digits in the tens place.
87 has 8 tens.
34 has 3 tens.
Subtract the tens: 8 tens 3 tens 5 tens, or 50
Robert estimates that Marla spent about 50¢.
➤ Max uses the number of tens for the number
he subtracts. Think of other
34 has 3 tens. estimation
Subtract 3 tens: 87 30 57 strategies.
Max estimates that Marla spent about 57¢.
1. Estimate each difference.

a) 64 35 b) 87 68
c) 34 15 d) 75 55
e) 53 40 f) 91 29
2. Tell how Al might have estimated each difference.

a) 52 24 is about 32 b) 84 58 is about 30
c) 79 17 is about 60 d) 63 36 is about 20
3. Choose one part in question 2.

Show another way to estimate the difference.
4. The Yukon Arctic Wolves soccer team won 3 out of 5
games at the national championships in 2007. They had
92 people watching their game against Saskatchewan.
Fifty-nine of the people took pictures.
About how many people did not take pictures?
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5. Jerome had a package of 85 balloons.

He used 57 balloons for a party.
He estimates that he has about 30 balloons left.
a) How might Jerome have estimated?
b) Use a different strategy to estimate the number of balloons
Jerome has left.
Compare your estimate with Jerome’s.
6. Faizal had 136 marbles. He gave away 25.
Faizal says he now has about 80 marbles.
Do you agree? Why or why not?
7. Heidi went to Calaway Park.
She counted the people in line for the Flying Ace.
She counted the people in line for the Ocean Motion.
Heidi estimated the difference was about 10 people.
How many people might be in each line?
Use words, pictures, or numbers to explain your thinking.
Strategies for estimating differences can

give different estimates. Sometimes Next time you go
the estimates are the same. shopping, find a way
Use examples to show this. to estimate a sum or
difference.

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L E S S O N
Subtracting 2-Digit Numbers
Baby salmon are called fry.

There were 74 fry swimming in a stream.
Forty-seven of them swam into the ocean.
How many fry didn’t swim into the ocean?
➤ First, estimate to predict the answer.
➤ Then use any materials or strategies
you wish to solve the problem.
➤ Use your estimate to check your solution.
Show and Share

Share your answers and strategies with another
pair of classmates.
Some children were given the

numbers 45 and 16 to create For 45 16, I’ll estimate
a subtraction problem. the answer as 40 10,
They created this problem. or 30.
Carlo’s farm has 45 horses.

Sixteen of the horses are colts.
How many of the horses are not colts?
110 LESSON FOCUS Use personal strategies to subtract 2-digit numbers and to estimate.
04_mms3_wncp_u03.qxd 3/25/09 1:41 PM Page 111
Here are different strategies children used to

subtract 45 16.
➤ Cory uses Base Ten Blocks 45
on a place value mat. 16
Tens Ones I can split 45 into

30 + 15, which is
3 15
3 tens and 15 ones.
45
16
I take away 6 ones

Tens Ones and 1 ten.
minus 1 6
I have 2 tens
Tens Ones and 9 ones left.
3 15 That’s 29.
45
16
29
Unit 3 Lesson 9 111

➤ Paul counts on from 16 to 45.

I think addition.
I count on.
+4 +10 +10 +5
16, 20, 30, 40, 45
4 + 10 + 10 + 5 = 29
So, 45 – 16 = 29
I think of 16 as
➤ Petra subtracts by skip counting backward. 10 and 5 and 1.
Start at 45.
45 - 10 = 35
Subtract 10, then 5, then 1. 35 - 5 = 30
45 … 35 … 30 … 29 30 - 1 = 29
So, 45 - 16 = 29
There are 29 horses that are not colts.

The answer is close to the estimate of 30.
1. Estimate. Which answers will be more than 20?

Subtract if the estimate is less than 20.
a) 58 24 b) 39 25 c) 57 23 d) 66 22
2. Use any strategy you wish to find each difference.

Show your strategy.
a) 35 9 b) 74 48 c) 43 7 d) 82 76
3. Subtract.
a) 47 b) 56 c) 50 d) 89
20 29 9 62
112 Unit 3 Lesson 9

4. Subtract.
91 ⫺ 56
91 ⫺ 66
91 ⫺ 76
91 ⫺ 86
What patterns do you see in your answers?
5. There were 16 girls in the gym. After the boys arrived,
there were 25 children in the gym.
How many boys came into the gym?
6. A Grade 3 class had a family movie night.
They counted 73 students and 56 parents.
Were there more students or more parents? How many more?
Estimate first, then calculate.
Use your estimate to check your answer.
7. The difference of two 2-digit numbers is 35.
a) What might the numbers be?
Find 4 answers.
Write the subtraction equation for
each answer.
What strategy did you use to find
the answers?
b) Choose a subtraction from part a.
Create a story problem to match it.
Suppose a friend missed school today.

Use words, pictures, or numbers to explain to your friend
how to subtract two 2-digit numbers.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:23 AM Page 114
L E S S O N
Using Mental Math to Subtract
There were 43 people skating.

Twenty-seven people left.
How many people are still skating?
Use mental math to find out.
Show and Share

Share your strategies with another pair of classmates.
Here are some ways to use mental math to subtract.

➤ Ross uses a “friendly” number ➤ Bonnie finds 85 56 by
to subtract 73 49. counting up from 56 to 85.
50 is close to 49. 56 4 is 60, plus 20 is 80,

73 50 23. plus 5 is 85. I added on 4 20 5.
So, 73 49 24. That’s 29. So, 85 56 29.
114 LESSON FOCUS Use mental math strategies to subtract 2-digit numbers.
WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 2:56 PM Page 115
➤ Olivia thinks of addition and ➤ Lars matches the ones

uses doubles to subtract 22 ⫺ 11. to subtract 64 ⫺ 38.
I know 11 ⫹ 11 ⫽ 22. I can add 4 to 64

So, 22 ⫺ 11 ⫽ 11. to get 68.
68 - 38 = 30
Then, I take away
the 4 I added.
30 - 4 = 26
So, 64 - 38 = 26
Use mental math.

1. Subtract. What patterns do you see?
a) 63 ⫺ 41 b) 73 ⫺ 31 c) 83 ⫺ 21 d) 93 ⫺ 11
2. Subtract. Show your strategies.

a) 87 ⫺ 78 b) 53 ⫺ 49 c) 35 ⫺ 27 d) 72 ⫺ 69
3. Subtract.
a) 74 ⫺ 56 b) 92 ⫺ 18 c) 67 ⫺ 35 d) 85 ⫺ 47
4. What different ways can you use mental

math to find 81 ⫺ 58?
Use words, pictures, or numbers to show
each way.
5. There were 32 geese on a beach.
More geese flew in. Then there were 61 geese.
How many geese flew in?
6. The answer is 43. What could the subtraction
problem be?
Explain 2 mental math strategies you can

use to subtract.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:24 AM Page 116
L E S S O N
Subtracting 3-Digit Numbers
There are 282 beads in the jar.

Robert estimated 300.
Brenda estimated 269.
Whose estimate was closer? How much closer?
Show and Share

Share your solution with another pair of classmates.
What strategies did you use?
Sundin and Bonita had a ball bouncing contest.

Sundin bounced a ball 402 times.
Bonita bounced a ball 128 times.
How many more times did Sundin bounce a ball?
Find: 402 128
➤ Tasia counts up from 128 to 402.
I count up. I write
the numbers, then
+2 +70 +200 +2
add them.
128, 130, 200, 400, 402
2 + 70 + 200 + 2 = 274
So, 402 – 128 = 274
116 LESSON FOCUS Use personal strategies to subtract 3-digit numbers.

➤ Joe uses Base Ten Blocks on

a place-value mat to subtract.
402 I can split 402 into
128 300 + 100 + 2, which is
3 hundreds, 10 tens, and 2 ones.
Hundreds Tens Ones
3 10
402
128
Hundreds Tens Ones
… I need more ones.

I trade 1 ten for
10 ones. So, I have
3 hundreds, 9 tens,
and 12 ones.
… I take away
1 hundred, 2 tens,
and 8 ones. That leaves
Hundreds Tens Ones
2 hundreds, 7 tens, and
4 ones. That’s 274.
9
3 10 12
minus 1 2 8 402
128
274
Unit 3 Lesson 11 117

➤ Tom counts backward to subtract 402 ⫺ 128. I count

backward, then
–2 –200 –70 –2 add the numbers
402, 400, 200, 130, 128
I subtracted.
2 + 200 + 70 + 2 = 274
So, 402 – 128 = 274
Sundin bounced a ball 274 more times.
1. Subtract.
a) Hundreds Tens Ones b) Hundreds Tens Ones
354
⫺ 138 438
⫺ 369
minus 1 3 8 minus 3 6 9
2. Subtract. Explain your strategies.

a) 876 ⫺ 9 b) 923 ⫺ 10 c) 635 ⫺ 22 d) 599 ⫺ 86
3. Subtract.
a) 756 ⫺ 49 b) 830 ⫺ 7 c) 687 ⫺ 39 d) 940 ⫺ 35
4. Subtract.
a) 483 ⫺ 156 b) 557 ⫺ 230 c) 654 ⫺ 327 d) 701 ⫺ 374
118 Unit 3 Lesson 11

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:24 AM Page 119
5. Subtract.
a) 200 b) 300 c) 400 d) 500
82 183 284 285
6. Jenna subtracted 785 575 like this.

700 - 500 = 200
a) Finish Jenna’s subtraction. 80 - 70 = 10
Explain her strategy. 5-5=0
b) Use a different strategy to subtract the
same numbers.
c) Compare the strategies in parts a and b.
Which strategy do you prefer? Why?
7. A campground is 475 km from the Kapurs’ home.
Before lunch the Kapurs drove 238 km.
How far do they still have to drive?
Show how you solved the problem.
8. On Monday, Kim’s family drove 458 km
from Castlegar to Kamloops.
On Tuesday, they drove from Kamloops
to Merritt.
They drove a total of 544 km over the 2 days.
How many kilometres did they drive on Tuesday?
Write an equation to solve the problem.
Solve the equation.
Answer the question in the problem.
9. Write a story problem that can be
solved using 652 328.
Solve the problem. Explain your strategy.
What strategy would you use to find 300 157?

Use pictures, numbers, or words to explain.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:25 AM Page 120
L E S S O N
Solving Addition and
Subtraction Problems
Lu-Anne and Fisher helped clean up

in the gym.
Lu-Anne picked up 243 bean bags.
Fisher picked up 206 bean bags.
➤ Make an addition problem and
a subtraction problem about
picking up the bean bags.
➤ Solve your problems.
Show and Share

Share your problems and solutions
with another pair of classmates.
How did you know whether to
add or subtract?
Sometimes you need to decide

whether to add or subtract
when you solve a problem.
One year, it rained on 148 days in
Victoria, British Columbia.
The next year, it rained on 163 days
in Victoria.
120 LESSON FOCUS Use personal strategies to add and subtract.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 2:56 PM Page 121
➤ On how many days did it rain during these 2 years?

Jason added to solve the problem.
He thought of 148 as 100 ⫹ 40 ⫹ 8 and 163 as 100 ⫹ 60 ⫹ 3.
He then added from left to right.
148 = 100 + 40 + 8
163 = 100 + 60 + 3
100 + 100 = 200 There are many
40 + 60 = 100 strategies Jason
8 + 3 = 11 could use.
200 + 100 + 11 = 311
It rained on 311 days during these 2 years.

➤ How many more days did it rain in the second year?
Jody subtracted to solve the problem.
She thought of 163 as 150 ⫹ 13.
To find 163 ⫺ 148, Jody subtracted 148
from 150 ⫹ 13.
163 = 150 + 13
150 - 148 = 2
2 + 13 = 15
I wrote 163 as
So, 163 ⫺ 148 ⫽ 15. 150 ⫹ 13 because
it is easy to subtract
It rained 15 more days during the 148 from 150.
second year.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:25 AM Page 122
1. Find each missing number. What patterns can you see?

a) 174 169 첸 b) 658 600 첸 c) 809 810 첸
174 164 첸 658 590 첸 809 820 첸
174 159 첸 658 580 첸 809 830 첸
2. a) The difference between two 3-digit numbers is 246.
What might the numbers be? Give 3 possible answers.
b) The sum of two 3-digit numbers is 246.
What might the numbers be? Give 3 possible answers.
3. Each sentence below is an answer to a story problem.
Write 1 addition story or 1 subtraction story for each sentence.
a) Boyle, Alberta, has 840 people.
b) There are 194 whooping cranes in the Wood Buffalo flock
of the Northwest Territories.
c) A year has 365 days.
4. A Grade 3 class in Saskatoon planted tulips.

They planted 256 red tulips and 371 yellow tulips.
a) How many more yellow tulips than red tulips did they plant?
b) How many tulips did they plant altogether?
Explain how you solved these problems.
5. Grade 2 and Grade 3 children rode on a bus to a museum.

There were 19 Grade 2 children.
There were 25 Grade 3 children.
How many children were on the bus?
122 Unit 3 Lesson 12

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 2:56 PM Page 123
6. Prya and Jody collected donations

for the Terry Fox Run.
Prya collected $82.
Jody collected $129.
a) Who collected more money?
How much more did she collect?
b) Did you add or subtract? Explain.
7. A school in Whitehorse was collecting

things to recycle.
Children brought in 277 cans and 95 bottles.
How many things did they bring?
8. Zane, Sunny, and Michelle are playing video games.
Zane’s score is 456. Sunny’s score is 285.
Michelle’s score is 369.
a) How many points does Sunny need to tie Michelle?
b) How many points do Michelle and Sunny each need
to tie Zane?
c) Make up your own problem about these scores.
Solve your problem.
9. Write a story problem that can be solved by adding or
subtracting two 3-digit numbers. Solve the problem.
Math Link
Some places have snow on Place Number of Days
the ground for most of the Alert, Nunavut 306
year. How many days in a High Level, Alberta 212
year does each place not Whitehorse, Yukon 165
have snow on the ground?
Describe a strategy for adding or subtracting 3-digit numbers.

Explain your strategy to a classmate.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:26 AM Page 124
L E S S O N
Savannah, Ken, and April made friendship bracelets.

Savannah used 3 fewer beads than Ken.
Ken used 2 more beads than April.
April used 22 beads. Five beads are left.
How many beads were in the bag?
Show and Share

Explain how you solved the problem.
Strategies
• Make a chart.
It’s Jump Rope for Heart Day!
• Use a model.
Bessie jumped 9 fewer times than Francis. • Draw a picture.
Francis jumped 12 more times than Henry. • Solve a simpler
Henry jumped 52 times. problem.
What was their total number of jumps? • Work backward.

• Guess and test.
Here is one way to solve this problem.
• Make an organized
What do you know? list.
• Henry jumped 52 times. • Use a pattern.
• Francis jumped 12 more times

than Henry.
• Bessie jumped 9 fewer times than Francis.
Think of a strategy to help you solve the problem.

• You can work backward.
Start with the number of times Henry jumped.
124 LESSON FOCUS Interpret a problem and select an appropriate strategy.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:26 AM Page 125
• How many times did Henry jump?

• How many times did Francis jump?
• How many times did Bessie jump?
• How many times did they jump altogether?
How do you know your answer is correct?

How could you solve this problem another way?
Choose one of the
Strategies
1. Kumail and Sasha are playing a game.
Kumail has won 7 cards.
Sasha has won 6 more cards than Kumail.
There are 24 cards left.
How many cards are there altogether?
2. Margaret uses nickels and dimes to buy
a bookmark.
It costs 65¢. Margaret paid with 8 coins.
How many of each coin did she use?
3. At a garage sale, there are bicycles and
tricycles. Altogether, there are 18 wheels.
How many bicycles and tricycles are there?
Think about one of these problems you solved.

Use words, pictures, or numbers to explain how you solved it.

WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:27 AM Page 126
h ow Wh at You Know
S
LESSON
1 1. Add or subtract. Show your strategies.

a) 5 9 b) 17 8 c) 6 8 d) 18 9
2
2. Mia has 2 number cubes.

Each number cube has the numbers
0, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
a) Mia rolls both number cubes and
adds the numbers.
What sums might Mia get?
b) What differences might Mia get
if she subtracts the numbers rolled?
3. A lacrosse team has 16 players.
Nine of them are girls.
How many of the players are boys?
3 4. Find each missing number.
a) 6 첸 15 b) 첸 7 14
c) 17 첸 9 d) 첸 8 7
5. The library had 12 books about the moon.

Penny borrowed some of them.
There are 4 books left.
Write and solve an equation to find
how many books Penny borrowed.
4 6. Estimate each sum or difference. Explain your strategies.
8
a) 42 29 b) 53 17 c) 23 28 d) 85 49
4
5 7. Estimate. Then add or subtract.
8
9 a) 67 18 b) 72 69 c) 14 79 d) 53 28
5 8. Add.
7
a) 25 b) 247 c) 156 d) 349
36 19 232 267
126 Unit 3
WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:27 AM Page 127
LESSON
6 9. Use mental math to add or subtract.

10
a) 31 32 b) 97 35 c) 64 26 d) 75 19
10. Explain how to use mental math to solve.

a) 38 45 b) 50 18
7 11. The classroom floor was retiled.

It needed 476 red tiles and 385 yellow tiles.
How many tiles were needed altogether?
9 12. Subtract.
11
a) 78 b) 690 c) 385 d) 500
23 52 256 187
11 13. There were 750 children at summer camp.

After 1 week, 252 children went home.
How many children were left at the camp? I
UN T
g Goals
12 14. Jenny jumped 124 times on the Learnin
trampoline. Shane jumped 73 times
on the trampoline.
a) How many times did they jump ✓ use strategies to recall
altogether? basic addition and
subtraction facts
b) How many more times did Jenny
jump than Shane?
✓ solve addition and
subtraction equations
15. Use numbers with 1, 2, or 3 digits. ✓ estimate sums and
Write an addition and a subtraction differences for 2-digit
numbers
equation with each answer.
a) 326 b) 307
✓ add and subtract 2-digit
numbers mentally
c) 608 d) 281 ✓ use personal strategies to
add and subtract numbers
16. Use 3-digit numbers. Create a story
with up to 3 digits
problem with the answer 376.
✓ write and solve addition
and subtraction problems
Unit 3 127
WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:27 AM Page 128
Native plants have been growing

in national parks for hundreds of years.
Source: Parks Canada, 2005
National parks also have plants that are not

native to the parks.
Source: Parks Canada, 2005
128 Unit 3
WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:27 AM Page 129
ist
Check L
Your work should show

Use the information in the charts. ✓ how you estimate, add,
Use words, numbers, and equations to show and subtract to find
your thinking. sums and differences
✓ that you can decide
Part 1 whether to add or
Aulavik means “a place where people travel.” subtract
➤ For travellers at Aulavik, how many different ✓ how you made up and
types of plants might they see? solved your story
problem
➤ Which park has more native plant types,
Riding Mountain or Yoho?
✓ a clear explanation of
your work and ideas
How many more?
Part 2
A botanist is a scientist who studies plants.
➤ Suppose a botanist discovered 35 more
native types of plants in each park.
How many native plant types would be in
each park then?
Make a chart to show your answers.
Part 3
➤ Choose a park from the second chart.
Use any information you have about that park.
Write an addition or subtraction story problem.
Solve your problem.
What are some important things you know about

adding and subtracting?
Give at least 2 examples in your explanation.
Unit 3 129
WNCP_MMS3_CR(U1-U3).qxd 11/7/08 11:35 AM Page 130
Cumu lati ve Review
UNIT
1 1. Which picture extends this pattern?

Explain why you think so.
a) b)
2. a) Use grid paper. Make a pattern that starts with 2 s, and adds
2 s each time.
b) Make a different pattern that starts with 2 s, and adds 4 s
each time.
c) How are your patterns the same? Different?
3. What is the pattern rule?

Copy the pattern to fill in the missing numbers.
a) 36, 38, __, __, 44, 46, __ b) 22, 32, __, 52, __, __, 82
4. Use grid paper.

a) Make a decreasing pattern.
Show the first 4 figures.
b) Write your pattern rule.
2 5. Draw a picture to show each number.

Then record the number in a place-value chart.
a) 75 b) 249 c) 503 d) 230
6. Copy each pair of numbers.

Use < or > to make each statement true.
a) 73 첸 730 b) 874 첸 851
c) 934 첸 936 d) 208 첸 199
130
WNCP_MMS3_CR(U1-U3).qxd 11/7/08 11:35 AM Page 131
UNIT
7. Tim, PJ, and Carey have card collections.

Tim has 124 cards. PJ has 205 cards.
Carey has more cards than Tim, but fewer than PJ.
How many cards might Carey have?
8. Record your count each time.

a) Start at 137. Count on by 5s to 172.
b) Start at 972. Count back by 10s to 852.
c) Start at 234. Count on by 4s to 254.
9. Jamie started at 738. She started to count back by 5s.

Would she ever reach 635? Explain why you think so.
10. Maya has pennies, dimes, and loonies.

She has four dollars and thirty-seven cents altogether.
Show 3 different ways she could have that much money.
3 11. Find each missing number. Explain your strategy.

a) 9 ⫹ 첸 ⫽ 12 b) 18 ⫺ 첸 ⫽ 9 c) 첸 ⫹ 5 ⫽ 13
12. Add or subtract.

a) 368 ⫹ 292 b) 409 ⫹ 567 c) 734 ⫺ 576
d) 801 ⫺ 699 e) 310 ⫹ 259 f) 499 ⫺ 218
13. A shopkeeper had 738 balloons. She sold 579.

How many were left? Explain your strategy.
14. A school planted trees in the park.

The students planted 183 pine trees and 231 cedar trees.
a) How many more cedar trees than pine trees did they plant?
b) How many of both type of tree did they plant?
15. The answer is 427.

What could the question be?
Write a story problem that will give the answer 427.
131

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WNCP_MMS3_U03 11/7/08 11:13 AM Page 80

Wildflowers, trees, and shrubs have been in

These plants have changed over time because of

The plants provide food and shelter for birds,

• use strategies to recall basic

Subtraction Key Words

• Who studied the most plants?

Strategies for Addition Facts

What doubles fact does the ant show?

How can you use this fact to find 3 4 and 3 5?

This addition chart

Show and Share 6 10 11 12 13

➤ In the addition chart, the doubles are in the blue diagonal.

➤ The yellow diagonal in the addition chart shows sums of 10.

➤ When you add, the order does not matter.

3 6 has the same

1. Think of the doubles fact 5 5 10. Find each sum.

2. Add. Show 2 strategies for each addition.

3. Add. What patterns do you see?

4. Add. How can making 10 or using 10 help you?

5. a) Add. What pattern do you notice in your answers?

6. Add. Use any strategy you like.

8. Use 2 or more of these numbers each time:

What are some addition strategies you use? Use words,

ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 8 85

Jan has 5 goldfish.

You will need about 20 blank triangle cards.

all the correct facts.

86 LESSON FOCUS Recall basic subtraction facts.

Every subtraction fact has a related addition fact.

I started at 6. I need I know 6 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 12.

Since 6 ⫹ 7 ⫽ 13, then 13 ⫺ 6 ⫽ 7.

1. Write the related facts for each fact.

7. Chintan read 16 books in 4 weeks.

88 ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 8

How Many Are Missing?

Show and Share

An equation is a statement that 2 things are equal.

LESSON FOCUS Find the missing number in an equation. 89

Kelsey’s mother bought 15 cupcakes.

Here are some strategies children used

So, the missing number is 9.

➤ Byron used guess and check to solve 6 䉭 15.

The missing number is 9.

2. Jim counted up to solve the equation +3 +3 3+3=6

3. Write each equation with a different symbol.

4. Use guess and check to solve each equation.

5. Solve each equation. Use any strategy you wish.

6. Use , , , and 첸, together with numbers.

7. Sophie saw 11 lemurs at a zoo.

What is your favourite strategy for solving an addition equation?

92 ASSESSMENT FOCUS Question 6

When you do not need an exact answer, you estimate.

Evan’s class is earning money for a charity.

Show and Share

LESSON FOCUS Use estimation strategies to predict sums. 93

Estimate to predict the sum: 59 23

1. Which number is the better estimate for each sum?

2. Estimate each sum.