Sentence Structures (L20-25)
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QhamaSentence Structures (L20-25)
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QhamaLesson 20
Complements of result (2) include the following four types:
(1) V+ to (到)
Affirmative style: delivered/seen/eaten/bought/heard
Negative: Not delivered/not seen/not eaten/
Examples:
Fresh fruits can be bought here.
I didn't see him.
Didn't buy it/didn't hear it
(2) V+ in (在)
Affirmative: sitting
Negative: Not sitting
Examples:
He is sitting in the classroom.
He didn't sit in the classroom.
(3) V+ go (走)
Affirmative: Take away/move away
He took my Chinese book with him.
Negative: Did not take it away/did not move it away
He didn't take my dictionary with him.
(4) V+ full- man (满)
Affirmative style: full seat/pack (zhuang, pack) full
The classroom was full of people.
Negative: Not full
There were only 15 people in the classroom, and it was not full.
Oral "又(You)・・・・・又・・・・・"表示几种动作、状态、情况同时存在。例如:
"And-----and-----" means that several actions, states, and situations exist at the same time. For
example:
1. He eats and drinks with his friends. 他跟朋友一起又吃又喝。
2. He studies and works every day. 他每天又学习又工作。
3. The things here are cheap and good. 这儿的东西又便宜又好。
4 Her clothes are beautiful and cheap. 她的衣服又漂亮又便宜。
3. (概数) Gàishù , Probability (1): Two adjacent numbers are connected together to represent the
probability. For example: Oral
1. Eleven or two o'clock, three or four people, six or seven yuan, eight or nine catties.
2. As soon as I turned on the TV, I saw eleven or two o'clock.
(4) "对了” "Dui le" is used at the beginning of a sentence to mean something happens to one's
mind suddenly. For example,
1) By the way, I want to tell you one thing. 对了，我想告诉你一件事。
2) By the way, you haven't eaten yet, have you?
3) By the way, I will go to go to class later.
(5) You haven't eaten yet, have you?
(5) 吧 "Ba (2)" is used at the end of a sentence to show a questioning tone, implying a guess or an
assumption. For example,
1. You haven't been to (China) either, have you? 你也没去过(guo)吧?
2. Are you Japanese? 你是日本人吧?
3. Today is the 15th, right? 今天是十五号吧
Summary of Language Points (II)
Common Sentence Patterns
1. Sentences with a verbal predicate
I study Chinese. 我学习汉语。
They go to the store. 他们去商店。
2. Sentences with an adjective predicate
I am very busy. 我很忙。
There are too many things here. 这儿的东西太责。
3. Sentences with a nominal predicate
Today is Thursday. 今天星期四。
Teacher Li is from Beijing. 李老师北京人。
4. Subject-predicate sentences with a subject-predicate structure as the predicate
Dad is in good health. 爸爸身体很好。
Martin's Chinese is good. 马丁汉语不错。
Lesson 21
"- Gen he 跟(和) B- Bu yiyang 不一样" B means that the two things are different, and "A is the same
as (and) B"
1) My habits are different from his.
2) This book is different from that book.
3) My interests are the same as hers.
“好吗?" is a question when the speaker first states his/her view, idea or opinion and then uses "好"
to ask about others' opinion.
The positive answer would be "好","好的","好啊"or "行", etc. If the listener doesn't agree, he/she
would state his/her opinion. "不好"or "不行" is seldom used alone to answer this kind of question.
For example,
(1) A: Shall we have dinner together?
B: Okay.
(2) A: May I use your bicycle, please?
B: Not in the morning, I'm going to Ichiyue Bookstore.
Oral
The word "把" (1): S+ 把 +O1+V+ zai +O2, indicating that the position of O is changed by a certain
action.,
In the position of O2. For example:
Lesson 22
"有点儿“ an adverb, comes before an adjective or a verb. It indicates a slight degree, meaning "a
little" It is usually used for something dissatisfactory. For example,
(1) 今天(有点儿)热。It's a bit hot today
(2) 这条裤子(有点儿)短。These pants are a bit short.
(3) 他(有点儿)不太高兴。He is a little unhappy.
(4) 我的自行车丢了,我(有点儿)生气。I lost my bike and I am a little angry.
(一)点儿 (2 ):The structure "Adj +(一)点儿" is used in a sentence implying a comparative meaning. It
indicates a slight difference in degree. For example,
1. Help me change to a longer one.
2. This one is too thin, can you change it to a fatter one?
3. Are you better today?
Oral "才" is used before a numeric-classifier compound to indicate that the amount is little, the time
is early, or the price is cheap, etc. For example,
1. There are only ten people in our class. 我们班一共(才)十个人。
2. It's only Tuesday, it's still early. (才)星期二,还早呢。
3. These shoes are only 300 yuan. 这双鞋(才)300 元。
"算了" means "give up" or "let it go" For example,
1. It's too cold, forget it, I won't go today.
2. Don't look for anything small, forget it.
Lesson 23
Approximate numbers (2): "Numeral-classifier compound + 左右" means "a little more than or less
than the said amount.” For example,
(1) This dress costs about three hundred yuan. 这件衣服三百块钱(左右)。
(2) We will arrive at school around ten o'clock. 我们十点(左右)到学校。
(3) About 20 degrees today. 今天二十度(左右)。
"才(3)" is used to emphasize. For example,
1. This book is interesting. 这本书(才)有意思呢。
2.My Chinese is average, but his Chinese is good. 我的汉语一般,他的汉语(才)好呢。
3. That is my classmate, and this is our teacher. 那是我同学,这(才)是我们老师呢。
"差不多" an adverb, means "almost, nearly or approximately". For example:
1. These two pairs of pants are about the same length. 这两条裤子(差不多)长。
2. I waited for almost two hours. 我(差不多)等了两个小时。
3. A: Are these two clothes the same? 这两件衣服一样吗?
B: Almost. 差不多。
"了(3 )" is a modal particle used at the end of a sentence to indicate the change of a state. For
example,
1. It's already ten o'clock. 已经十点(了)。
2. It’s raining. 下雨(了)。
3. He is better now. 他现在好点儿(了).
"还可以" means "neither the best nor the worst". For example,
1. The food here is OK. 这儿的菜(还可以)。
2. My body is okay. 我身体(还可以).
Lesson 24
"为了" means "for". It indicates a purpose. For example,
1. (为了)练习听力,我每天都要听两个小时收音机。In order to practice listening, I have to listen to
the radio for two hours a day.
2. (为了)学好汉语,我来到中国。In order to learn Chinese well, I came to China.
"如果"means "if". It indicates a supposition. It is often used together with"就". Sometimes"如果"can
be omitted. For example,
(1) (If) you want to attend the party, just call me. ( 如果)你想参加晚会,就给我打电话。
(2) (If) the weather is good, I will go climbing. (如果)天气好,我就去爬山.
(3) (If) you don't go, what will he do? (如果)你不去,他怎么办?
"是"can be used to mean existence.
"V+ 来 / 去"indicates the direction of an action. "来"indicates the action is towards the location of
the speaker, while "去" means the opposite.
Etc. 1. You guys come with me. 你们跟我一起过(去)吧。
2. When will you be back? 你什么时候回(来)?
3. You come down. 你下来吧。
Lesson 25:
For example:
(1) There are so many things to eat in the supermarket. 超市里吃的东西真多。
(2) The apple I bought is very good. 我买的苹果很不错。
(3) This is the book and music CD you want. 这是你要的书和音乐光盘。
"听不懂" means "do not understand". It is the negative form of "听得(de)懂"。
Etc. I often don't understand what many Chinese people say. 很多中国人说的话我常常(听不懂)。
"虽然"is used in the former clause of a sentence, indicating the acceptance of some fact. In the
latter clause, "但是","可是" or "还是" is often used. For example,
1. Although I like to drink coffee, I don't drink it often. 我(虽然)喜欢喝咖啡, (可是)不常喝。
2. Although it is already winter, the weather is still very warm. (虽然)已经冬天了,天气(还是)很暖和。
The adverb " 好 好 儿 " is used as an adverbial before the verb, meaning "whole-heartedly" or "to
the greatest degree". For example,
