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Laws of MATTER

The document discusses Dalton's Atomic Theory and the laws of matter, outlining Dalton's postulates that elements are composed of atoms, atoms of the same element are identical, and compounds are formed by the combination of two or more different types of atoms. It also provides examples demonstrating the Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, and Law of Multiple Proportions.

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Gweneth Benjamin
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100 views37 pages

Laws of MATTER

The document discusses Dalton's Atomic Theory and the laws of matter, outlining Dalton's postulates that elements are composed of atoms, atoms of the same element are identical, and compounds are formed by the combination of two or more different types of atoms. It also provides examples demonstrating the Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, and Law of Multiple Proportions.

Uploaded by

Gweneth Benjamin
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAWS OF MATTER

PRESENTED BY:

LINO S. GAYANILO JR.


LAWS OF MATTER

•These laws helped in formulating


Dalton’s Atomic Theory by giving
proofs and data in support of
Dalton’s postulates.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

• The mass of the substances before and after the


chemical reaction are equal. The mass of matter
undergoing chemical change is conserved.
• Hence, matter can neither be created nor
destroyed by chemical means.
PROBLEM

• If 16 grams of methane gas (CH4) reacts with 64 grams


of oxygen gas (O2) to produce 44 grams of carbon
dioxide (CO2), how many grams of water vapor (H2O)
will be produced? What is the balanced chemical
reaction?
SOLUTION

Balance the Chemical Equation


___CH4 + ___O2 → ___CO2 + ___H2O

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O


16 g + 64g → 44 g + ______
16 g + 64g → 44 g + 36g of H2O
80 g = 80 g
PRACTICE (LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS)

1) If 24 grams of hydrochloric acid reacts with 14 grams of


sodium hydroxide to produce 10 grams of water, how
many grams of sodium chloride will be produced? What
is the balanced chemical reaction?
2) If 33 grams of Al reacts with 5 grams of HCl to produce
30 grams of AlCl3, how many grams of hydrogen gas will
be produced? What is the balanced chemical reaction?
QUIZ: BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATION

1) C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O


2) C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
3) Ga + CuBr2 → GaBr3 + Cu
4) I2 + F2 → IF7
5) SO2 + O2 → SO3
LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION

•It states that any sample of a compound will


invariably have the same proportions by
mass of its constituent elements.
PROBLEM

•A pure sample of sodium fluoride


(NaF) contains 35 grams of sodium.
How many grams of fluorine are
present in this sample?
SOLUTION

NaF (Na : 23 (atomic weight) ; F : 19)


Conversion factor: 23 g Na = 19 g F
35 g Na = ? g F
19 g F
35 g Na ( ) = 28.9 g F
23 g Na
SOLUTION

NaF (S : 23 (atomic weight) ; F : 19)


Conversion factor: 23 g Na = 19 g F
35 g Na = ? g F
19 g F
35 g Na ( ) = 28.9 g F
23 g Na
PRACTICE (LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION)

•If there are 42 g of hydrogen in a


sample of pure methane, how many
grams of carbon are present?
SOLUTION

CH4 (C : 12 (atomic weight) ; H : 1)


Conversion factor: 12 g C = 4 g H
42 g H = ? g C
12 g C
42 g H ( ) = 126 g C
4gH
SOLUTION

CH4 (C : 12 (atomic weight) ; H : 1)


Conversion factor: 12 g C = 4 g H
42 g H = ? g C
12 g C
42 g H ( ) = 126 g C
4gH
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

•When two elements form a series of


compounds, the ratio of the masses of the
2nd element that combine with one (1) gram
of the first element can always be reduced
to small whole numbers.
EXAMPLE

•Two elements that combine to form


multiple compounds
•CO and CO2
CO and CO2
CO CO2
• 12 g C = 16 g O (divide both sides by 12) 12 g C = 32 g O (divide both by 12)
• 1 g C = 1.33 g O 1 g C = 2.67 g O
• (the ratio of the masses of the 2nd element that combine with one (1) gram of the first element
can always be reduced to small whole numbers. )

Look for ratio between 1.33 g O and 2.67 g O:


2.67
=2
1.33
PROBLEM

•The masses of oxygen that combine with 1 g


of nitrogen to form three different
compounds are 1.142 g, 2.284 g and 2.855 g,
respectively. Show how these data illustrate
the law of multiple proportions.
COMPOUND:
A B C
1.142 g 2.284 g 2.855 g
B/A = 2.284 / 1.142 = 2
C/A = 2.855 / 1.142 = 2.5
2.5 X 2 5
X 2
=
1 2
C/B = 2.855 / 2.284 = 1.25
1.25 X 4 5
=
1 X4 4
QUIZ

• A 0.910 g sample of magnesium was reacted with


oxygen to form 1.510 g of magnesium oxide. How
much magnesium is needed to produce 0.850 g of
magnesium oxide? How much magnesium and
oxygen are needed to produce exactly 2.55 g of
magnesium oxide?
QUIZ

A sample of 7.89 g sodium is made to react with 68.4 g chlorine.


Given the following information:
• All of the sodium sample reacted;
• Some of the chlorine did not react; and
• Sodium chloride is the only product.
Is it possible to determine the mass of sodium chloride produce?
Why or why not?
ASSIGNMENT (NA NAMAN…)

• There are 100 g of two different compounds that


are composed of sulfur and oxygen. The first
compound contains 50 g of sulfur and the second
compound contains 40 g of sulfur. Show how these
data illustrate the law of multiple proportions.
GAME TIME!

GAYANILO, LINO JR. S.


SPECIAL SCIENCE TEACHER I
BAGUMBAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
FIND THE COLOR IN THE TEXT!
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
1. Elements are composed of small particles called ATOMS.
2. Atoms of an element are identical, having the same properties such as mass,
size, and chemical properties.
3. Compounds are composed of atoms of at least two different elements, and the
ratio of each element is an integer or a simple fraction. For example, carbon
dioxide has 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms, and their ratio is 1 is to 2.
4. A chemical reaction results from the rearrangement of the atoms of reacting
substances, giving new combinations of atoms. Atoms can neither be
destroyed nor created in a chemical reaction.
ARE ATOMS INDESTRUCTIBLE?

• In Dalton’s work, he thought that atoms are


indestructible. However, it was later found that atoms
still contain smaller particles and that these subatomic
particles further contain particles within them. Since
then, some revisions have been made on Dalton’s work
although much of it remained intact.
ARE ATOMS INDESTRUCTIBLE?

• The bombs that were dropped at the end of World


War II in Japan are powerful and grim reminders that
atoms can be split. This, among other phenomena in
nature such as radiation and radioactivity, is proof that
atoms are NOT indestructible and that they contain
smaller particles.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
•Protons
•Electrons
•Neutrons
https://www.compoundchem.com/2016/10/13/atomicmodels/
PERFORMANCE TASK

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