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Computer 5 Week 2

The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1942 to the present. The first generation (1942-1955) used vacuum tubes, were large, slow, and unreliable. The second generation (1955-1964) used transistors, were smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation (1964-1975) used integrated circuits, were smaller and cheaper, and could run multiple applications at once. The fourth generation (1975-1989) used microprocessors and were small, fast, accurate and affordable. The fifth generation (1989-present) focuses on artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

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Titser ArMack Adrocat Mendoza
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44 views8 pages

Computer 5 Week 2

The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1942 to the present. The first generation (1942-1955) used vacuum tubes, were large, slow, and unreliable. The second generation (1955-1964) used transistors, were smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation (1964-1975) used integrated circuits, were smaller and cheaper, and could run multiple applications at once. The fourth generation (1975-1989) used microprocessors and were small, fast, accurate and affordable. The fifth generation (1989-present) focuses on artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

Uploaded by

Titser ArMack Adrocat Mendoza
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer 5 Date: February 4,2021

Topic: Five Generations of Computer


Generation- distinct phases/stages which the development of something like
computers takes place.
A. First Generation Computers (1942 – 1955)
-They are large in size, unreliable and required constant maintenance and large
amount of power.
- These computers were extremely slow and solved just one problem at a time.
- Programming was done in Machine Language.
- A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of
instructions that produce various kinds of output.
Vacuum Tubes- it is used in the first generation computers.
-These tubes produces heat which created several problems.
Special Insulation Tubes- used to protect other components
from heat.
Examples:
ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
EDVAC : Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EDSAC : Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
UNIVAC : Universal Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
B. Second Generation Computers (1955 – 1964)
- They were reliable, cheaper, smaller in size and faster as compared to first
generation computers.
- Programming was done in Assembly language which is better than the
Machine language.
Transistors - it is used in the computer than vacuum tubes.
-They required less power and produced less heat.
Examples: NCR 304 (National Cash Register , IBM 7000, IBM 605 and Mark III.
Programming Languages
C. Third Generation Computers (1964 – 1975)
- They were smaller size, cheaper and consume less electricity.
- Programming was done in High Level Language.
- It is possible to run many application at a time on these computers.
Integrated Circuits - it is used in the computer than vacuum tubes and transistors.
-They were produced as single silicon chip containing dozens of electronic
components and transistors together.

In this generation, two techniques were used:


A. Small Scale Integration(SSI)- ten components were fused as a single unit on
a chip.
B. Medium Scale Integration(MSI) - hundred components were fused as a
single unit on a chip.
Ex. IBM 360, IBM 1130, UNIVAC 1107, …
D. Fourth Generation Computers (1975 – 1989)
- They were so small in size that they can be easily carried from place to place.
- They were the cheapest among computers of all the previous generation.
- They have the fast-speed, accuracy and reliability.
In this generation, two techniques were used:
LSI (Large Scale Integration) – more than hundred components were place in a
single chip called Microprocessor.
VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) is the current level of computer microchip
miniaturization and refers to microchips containing in the hundreds of thousands
of components.

Examples: IBM 4341, Start 1000, Apple 11, …


D. Fifth Generation Computers (1989- Present)
- These are under development stage.
- It is based on the artificial intelligence.
- Artificial intelligence, the ability of a computer or computer-controlled
robot to perform tasks commonly associated with human intelligence.
- They use Super Large Scale Integrated (SLSI) chips.
- These computers are intended to work with natural language.
- The main goal of this generation is to develop computers which would be
able to recognize voice, image and graphs.
- They would be able to solve highly complex problems including decision
making, logical reasoning, etc.
Examples: Robots, Quantum Computer, Nano Computer.
Activity: Summarize each computer generation by filling in needed
information on the table.
GENERATION’S NAME Features of Computer Components or technology
And Years (Characteristics) used

Ex. First Generation - Large in Size Vacuum Tubes


(1942-1955) - Unreliable……..

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