Bca F.Y.
Bca F.Y.
Bca F.Y.
Latur
Syllabus
(2022-2023)
Under CBCS
Three Year Degree Programme in B.C.A.
(Six Semester Course)
Name of Department
Information Technology
Name of Course
B.C.A.
(CC/AECC/SEC/GE)
UG First Year
Semester I & II
Syllabi approved by the Board of Studies in
B.C.A. with effect from June, 2022
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
UG I
Semester Pattern
Semester I & II
Semester : I
Lectures Marks
Course Code Course Title Total End Credits
Per Intern
Semes
Week al
ter
Ability Enhancement Core Course (AECC)
U-COE-101 Communicative English-I 3 40 20 30 2
Lectures Marks
Course Code Course Title Total End Credits
Per Intern
Semes
Week al
ter
Ability Enhancement Core Course (AECC)
U-COE-201 Communicative English-II 3 40 20 30 2
Note: Students can opt any online course (SWAYAM, NPTEL, MOOCS) will be given
additional credits in total credits.
SEMESTER – I
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Introduction:
This course introduces computer concepts, including fundamental functions and operations of
the computer. Topics include identification of hardware components, basic computer operations,
and use of software applications like Word processor, spread sheet solution and presentation
tools.
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to aim at imparting
fundamental concepts of computer system
a common individual to be a part of computer users list by making them digitally literate
the computer organization, types of memory used and operating environment of GUI OS
the knowledge of word processor, spreadsheet solution and presentation techniques
Independent and self-motivated study in information technology.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Understand working of Hardware and Software and the importance of operating systems
Prepare his / her personal / business letters.
Manage and maintain small account in the form of spreadsheet
Prepare and present their creativity digitally and enjoy the world of information
technology
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I:
Introduction, Basic structure, ALU, Memory, CPU, Generations of computer, Classification of
computers, Input Devices: Keyboard, Point & Draw Devices, Data Scanning devices, Digitizer,
Electronic Card Reader, Voice Recognition devices, Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter,
Screen image projector, voice response system
UNIT II:
Memory: Cache memory, Primary Memory: RAM, ROM and types of ROM, Secondary Memory,
Storage devices: Tape, FDD, HDD, CD ROM, Computer Software: Definition of software,
Types of software, Compilers, Interpreters, Assemblers, Linkers, Loaders Introduction to
Operating System: Introduction, Function of OS, Types of OS, Files and directories
UNIT III:
MS-Word - Starting MS-Word, MS-Word Screen and its Components, Working with Files,
Working with Text: Formatting, Moving, copying and pasting text Styles, Lists: Bulleted and
numbered lists, Table Manipulations, Graphics: Adding clip Art, add an image from a file,
Spelling and Grammar, AutoCorrect, Page formatting: Header and footers, page numbers, Protect
the Document, Mail Merge
MS-Excel- Starting MS-Excel, Basics of Spreadsheet, modifying a worksheet – Moving through
cells, adding worksheets, rows and columns Resizing rows and columns, selecting cells, Moving
and copying cells, freezing panes - Formatting cells: Dates and times, Auto formatting. Formula
and Functions. Linking worksheets - Sorting and Filling, Auto fill, Graphics – Adding clip art, add
an image from a file, Charts – Using chart Wizard
UNIT IV:
MS-Power Point -Create a Presentation from a template- Working with Slides – Insert a new slide,
applying a design template, changing slide layouts -Slides: Reordering slides, hide slides, Create
a Custom slide show. Adding Content – Resizing a text box, Text box properties, delete a text box
- Video and Audio effects, Adding clip art, adding an image from a file
Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Computer Science-P.K. SINHA.
2. Fundamentals of Computer Science-V RAJARAMAN.
Pradeep K. Sinha and Priti Sinha: Computer Fundamentals (Sixth Edition), BPB Publication
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to provide
Knowledge about algorithm/flowchart to find solution on an problem
writing C programs with branching and looping statements, which uses Arithmetic,
Logical, Relational operators
an working of arrays, structure or union for storing the data
modularity to the programs written in C.
use pointers for in various concepts like arrays, structures and functions.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Analyze a computational problem and develop an algorithm/flowchart to find its solution
Develop readable C programs with branching and looping statements, which uses
Arithmetic, Logical, Relational operators
Write readable C programs with arrays, structure or union for storing the data to be
processed
Implement modularity in the C programe
Write C programs which will make use of use pointers for array, functions, structures etc.
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT 1:
UNIT 2:
UNIT 3:
UNIT 4:
Pointers: Understanding Pointers, Accessing the address of variables, Declaring and initializing
pointers, Accessing a variable through its pointers. Structure and Union: Introduction, Defining
Structure, declaring structure variables and structure members, arrays as structure, arrays within
structure, Union. Functions: Definition of function. Return values and their types, Function calls,
Function declaration, Categories of function explanation with example, Nesting of function,
Recursion, Command line argument,
References
Introduction:
The syllabus is prepared with the view of preparing the B.C.A. Graduates capable of designing
simple web pages which will increase the confidence among them regarding web site development.
The course content is decided to cover the essential web page fundamentals, CSS and java script.
The use of javascript helps them to enhance the knowledge about TypeScript, AngularJS in their
future studies.
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
Provide necessary information about various tags used to design and develop simple web
documents/ web site.
Knowledge about creation of web pages
Making use of CSS for formatting of web document
Knowledge of JavaScript
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Create simple static web site.
Apply various formatting effects with the help of CSS.
Handle events/ different functions using HTML and javascript
Write simple client side validations using java script
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Web Publishing: Phases of website development, Web browser, Cross browser testing, how to
publish a website, Web server, WWW, URL HTML Document: Overview, Rules & Guidelines
of HTML, Structure of HTML document The Markup Tags: Basic HTML Tags, Physical style
tags, Paragraphs, Lists, Font, HR, Heading levels, Center, Div, Span, Address
UNIT II
Linking: Hyperlinks, Mailto anchor Inserting images: Image file formats, <img> tag with its
attributes, Images as background, Internal and External image, Image map: server side and client
side image maps, Image as hyperlink, Working with Hyperlinks, Images and Multimedia Adding
multimedia Elements: Audio file formats, Adding audio in html document, Video file formats,
Adding video in html document Tables: <table> tag with its attributes, Rowspan, colspan,
Frames: Overview of frames, <frameset> tag and all attributes, Frame targeting, Floating frames,
Working with Forms and controls Forms, <form> tag with its attributes, Form controls, <input>
tag with its attributes.
UNIT III
Concept of CSS, Creating Style Sheet, CSS Properties, CSS Styling (Background, Text Format,
Controlling Fonts), Working with block elements and objects, Working with Lists and Tables,
CSS Id and Class, Box Model (Introduction, Border properties, Padding Properties, Margin
properties), CSS Advanced (Grouping, Dimension, Display, Positioning, Floating, Align, Pseudo
class, Navigation Bar, Image Sprites, Attribute sector), Color, Creating page Layout and Site
Designs.
Unit IV
Javascript: Adding script to document, working with local and global variable, Javascript, Data
types, Operators, Control statements, Looping statements, Document object model (DOM), DOM
Objects (window, navigator, history, location), Predefined functions, math & string functions,
Array in Java scripts, Event handling in Java script.
Reference Books:
1.Web Publishing by Monica D'Souza
2. HTML 5 in simple steps, Kogent Learning Solutions Inc., Dreamtech Press.
3. A beginner’s guide to HTML, NCSA
4. HTML & CSS: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition, by Thomas Powell
5. HTML and JavaScript – Ivan Bayross
6. Mastering HTML, CSS & Javascript Web Publishing
Reference websites:
1. www.w3schools.com
2. www.tutorialspoint.com
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Understand and appreciate descriptive statistics.
Understand the concepts of probability and random variables.
Apply fundamental techniques of data representation and graphical representation of
data.
Work with range of data also find the variance and coefficient depends upon available
data.
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT IV
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to aim at imparting
fundamental concepts of computer system
a common individual to be a part of computer users list by making them digitally literate
the computer organization, types of memory used and operating environment of GUI OS
the knowledge of word processor, spreadsheet solution and presentation techniques
Independent and self-motivated study in information technology.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Understand working of Hardware and Software and the importance of operating systems
Prepare his / her personal / business letters.
Manage and maintain small account in the form of spreadsheet
Prepare and present their creativity digitally and enjoy the world of information
technology
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Create a table “Student result” with following conditions. (a. The heading must contain, Sl. No.,
Name, Mark1, Mark2, Mark3, Total, average and result with manual entry. b. Use formulas for
total and average.).
10.Create a sales table using any suitable data and draw the bar-graph to compare the sales of the
items for three years: (Sample Data given below)
11. Create a power-point presentation with minimum 5 slides. (a. The first slide must contain the
topic of the presentation and name of the presenter. b. Must contain at least one table. c. Last slide
must contain “thank you‟.)
12. Create a power-point presentation with minimum 10 slides having animation and images
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Course Title – Lab Course – II (Problem Solving Through C) Course Code: U-LAC-184
Max. Marks: 50 Credits: 02
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to provide
Knowledge about algorithm/flowchart to find solution on an problem
writing C programs with branching and looping statements, which uses Arithmetic,
Logical, Relational operators
an working of arrays, structure or union for storing the data
modularity to the programs written in C.
use pointers for in various concepts like arrays, structures and functions.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Analyze a computational problem and develop an algorithm/flowchart to find its solution
Develop readable C programs with branching and looping statements, which uses
Arithmetic, Logical, Relational operators
Write readable C programs with arrays, structure or union for storing the data to be
processed
Implement modularity in the C programe
Write C programs which will make use of use pointers for array, functions, structures etc.
____________________________________________________________________________
12. Write a C program to read 10 integers into an array and find sum and average of all numbers.
13. Write a C program to find the addition of two matrices.
14. Write a C program to calculate the factorial of a number using function.
15. Write a program to perform addition of two numbers using command line argument.
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Course Title – Lab Course – III (Web Designing) Course Code: U-LAC-185
Max. Marks: 50 Credits: 02
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
Provide necessary information about various tags used to design and develop simple web
documents/ web site.
Knowledge about creation of web pages
Making use of CSS for formatting of web document
Knowledge of JavaScript
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Create simple static web site.
Apply various formatting effects with the help of CSS.
Handle events/ different functions using HTML and javascript
Write simple client side validations using java script
____________________________________________________________________________
1. Prepare a survey document of five websites and find out prerequisite for designing it.
2. Design web pages for your college containing a description of the courses, departments,
faculties, library etc, Make use of <a> and list tags.
3. Create your class timetable using <table> tag.
4. Create Student feedback form (use textbox, text area, checkbox, radio button, select box etc.)
5. Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into two parts with Navigation links on left
hand side of page (width=20%) and content page on right hand side of page (width = 80%). On
clicking the navigation Links corresponding content must be shown on the right hand side.
6. Design a web page of your home town with an attractive background color, text color, an Image,
font etc. (use internal CSS).
7. Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you have created in experiment-2.
8. Use External CSS to format your class timetable as you have created in experiment-3.
9. Use External, Internal, and Inline CSS to format college web page that you have created in
experiment-2 or experiment-4.
10. Write a JavaScript program to display system date.
11.Write a JavaScript program to develop simple calculator for arithmetic operations.
12. Write a JavaScript program to determine whether a given year is a leap year or not.
13. Write a JavaScript program to convert temperatures to and from Celsius, Fahrenheit.
14. Design signup form to validate username, password using Java script.
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester I)
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
Acquire a strong foundation in Statistical analytics
acquaint students with various statistical methods.
cultivate statistical thinking among students.
apply the fundamental principles, concepts and methods.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
Understand and appreciate descriptive statistics.
Understand the concepts of probability and random variables.
Apply fundamental techniques of data representation and graphical representation of
data.
Work with range of data also find the variance and coefficient depends upon available
data.
____________________________________________________________________________
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
Understand role of Operating System in terms of process, memory, file and I/O
management.
Apply and analyze the concept of a process, thread, mutual exclusion and deadlock.
Apply and analyze the concepts of memory management techniques.
Apply and analyze different techniques of file and I/O management.
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I:
Introduction: Definition of O.S., Types of O.S., O.S. as resource manager, Operating-System
Structure, Operating-System Operations, Process Management, Memory Management, Storage
Management, O.S. Process view, Hierarchical view, Introduction to windows O.S.:
Introduction, History, Files and Folders, Basics of Windows: desktop, my computer, etc, Features
of MS-Windows: GUI, Multitasking, Multi-user, network etc., Important files of windows,
Introduction to Open-Source Operating Systems.
UNIT II:
Memory management: Single continues allocation, Introduction to multiprogramming,
Partitioned Memory management, Paged memory management, demand paged memory
management, Segmented Memory management
Unit III:
Processor Management: Process Concept, Process Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling
Criteria State model, Job Scheduling, Process Scheduling, Multiprocessor system, Process
synchronization, Deadlocks: Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks,
Deadlock Prevention and Detection
Unit IV:
Device management: Techniques for Device management, Devise management characteristics,
Channels and control units, Device allocation consideration, Information management: Simple
file system, General model of a file system, Symbolic File System, Basic File System.
Reference Books:
1. Operating systems - A concept-based Approach: D.M Dhamdhere 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill, 2012.
2. Operating System Concepts: Avi Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, 9th Edition,
John wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester II)
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
implement various linear and nonlinear data structures.
handle operations like insertion, deletion, searching and traversing on various data
structures.
select appropriate sorting and searching technique for given problem.
apply the learned concepts in various domains like DBMS, Compiler Construction.
choose appropriate data structure for specified problem domain.
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Data structures: Need of data structure, types of data structures, data structure operations,
Algorithms: Definition and Characteristics, Time and space complexity, Arrays: Array
terminology, characteristics of arrays, storage representation of 1D, 2D and Multi-dimensional
arrays, operations on arrays
UNIT II
Stacks: Definition, Stack implementation, Operations on stack, Evaluation of arithmetic
Expressions, Conversion of Expressions - Prefix, Infix and Postfix, Function Calling, Recursion-
direct & indirect recursion, Applications of Stacks, Queues: Definition, Operations on queues,
Types of queues: Circular queue, Dequeue and Priority queues, Applications of queues
UNIT III
Linked lists: Concept of linked list, Operations on Linked list, Types of linked list: Singly linked
list, Circular linked list, Doubly linked list, Implementation of stack and queue using linked list,
Applications of linked list.
UNIT IV
Trees: Tree terminology, Traversing binary trees, Graphs: Graph terminologies, Graph
representation: sequential and linked, Traversing a graph: Depth First Search and Breadth First
Search Sorting: Selection sort, Insertion sort, Bubble sort, Searching: Linear search and Binary
search
Reference books
1. Data Structure using C by A.M. Tanenbaum, Yecidyan lang
2. Fundamentals of Data Structures by Ellis Horowitz and Sartaj Sahni, Galgotia Publications
3. Introduction to Data Structures in C by Ashok N. Kamthane, Pearson Education
4. Theory and Problems of Data Structures by Seymour Lipschutz, Schaum’s Outline Series
Online Resources :
2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106127/
3. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/106102064
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester II)
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
solve computational problems using basic constructs like if-else, control structures, array.
Students will be able to implement relationships between classes.
Identify importance of object-oriented programming and difference between structured
oriented and object-oriented programming features.
Make use of objects and classes for developing programs.
Use various object-oriented concepts to solve different problems
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT 1:
Introduction, Object Oriented Paradigm, Basic concepts of OOP: Object, Class, Data Abstraction,
Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Overloading, Dynamic binding, Message Passing.
C++ Features: The iostream class, C++ comments, C++ keywords, variable declaration,
Manipulators: endl, setw, setprecision, Scope resolution operator, new and delete operators.
Functions: function declaration, calling the function, function definition, passing argument to,
returning value from function, pass by value, pass by reference, default arguments, overloaded
functions, inline functions.
UNIT 2:
Classes & objects, class declaration, class members, class member visibility: private, public,
protected. constructors, destructors, default constructor, constructor with argument, constructor
with default arguments, dynamic constructors, copy constructor, member functions defined
outside the class, objects as arguments, returning objects from functions, class conversion,
manipulating private data members, array as class member data, Array of objects
UNIT 3:
UNIT 4:
Inheritance: Derived class & Base class: Specifying the derived class, accessing the base class
members, derived class constructor, overriding member functions, public & private inheritance,
access combinations, classes & structures, access specifies, Level of inheritance: Simple / Single
inheritance, Multilevel inheritance, multiple inheritance, hybrid inheritance, member functions in
multiple inheritance, constructors in multiple inheritance, Containership: classes within classes.
Virtual Functions: Normal member function accessed with pointers, virtual member function
accessed with pointers, dynamic binding, pure virtual functions, Friend function, this pointer,
Exception Handling: Introduction, Exception Handling Mechanism, Handling Multiple
Exceptions.
Reference Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming with C++, E. Balagurusami, Fourth Edition, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
2. Complete reference C++, Herbert Schildt, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++, Robert Lafore, Fourth Edition Galgotia
Publications.
4. The C++ Programming Language, Bjarne Stroustrup, Third Edition, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester II)
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student are able to
Convert different type of codes and number systems which are used in digital
communication and computer systems.
Identify different types of logic families which are the basic unit of different types of
logic gates.
identify and describe introduction to digital concepts
apply the logic in different programming logic building.
Identify the microprocessor and components of microprocessor
____________________________________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
UNIT I:
Number system and codes: Binary number system, decimal number system, octal number system,
hexadecimal number system. Bases inter conversions, Binary Subtraction using 1’2 and 2’s
complement method, Decimal subtraction using 9’s and 10’s complement method, Codes: BCD,
GRAY, EXCESS-3
UNIT II:
Boolean algebra and gate networks: Fundamental concepts of Boolean algebra, Ssymbol, boolean
equation, truth tables of different types of gate such as inverter or NOT gate, AND gate, OR gate,
NAND gate, NOR gate, X-OR gate, X-NOR gate, Basic laws of Boolean algebra and
simplification of Boolean, Universal property of NAND and NOR gate
UNIT III:
Combinational logic circuit: Half adder and FULL adder, parallel binary adders, HALF subtractor
and FULL subtractor, Multiplexer and demultiplexer with types & examples, Encoder and decoder
with types
UNIT IV:
Sequential logic circuit with Microprocessor: Flip-flop-latches, edge triggered and level triggered
flip flop with types SR flip flop, D flip flop, JK flip flip and T flip-flop, Buffer registers, modes of
operation of registers (SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO), Introduction to microprocessors, Basic
components of microprocessors.
Reference Books
1. Floyd, Thomas L: “Digital Computer Fundamentals”, 3 rd Edition 1997.
2. Malvino, Pual Albert and Leach, Donald P: “Digital Computer
Fundamentals”, 3rd Edition, 1995.TMH.
3. Modern digital electronics by R.P.Jain
4. Bartee, Thomas C, “Digital Computer Fundamentals” 6 th Edition, 1995.TMH
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous), Latur
U G First Year (Semester II)
Course Title – Lab Course-V (Operating System Concepts) Course Code: U-LAC-283
Max. Marks: 50 Credits: 02
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
introduce basic concepts and functions of operating systems.
understand the concept of process, thread and resource management.
understand the concepts of process synchronization and deadlock.
understand various Memory, I/O and File management techniques.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
Understand role of Operating System in terms of process, memory, file and I/O
management.
Apply and analyze the concept of a process, thread, mutual exclusion and deadlock.
Apply and analyze the concepts of memory management techniques.
Apply and analyze different techniques of file and I/O management.
____________________________________________________________________________
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
introduce basics of data structure.
understand the concept of stack, queue and tree.
teach various storage mechanisms of data.
introduce various techniques for representation of the data in the real world.
teach different sorting and searching techniques.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
implement various linear and nonlinear data structures.
handle operations like insertion, deletion, searching and traversing on various data
structures.
select appropriate sorting and searching technique for given problem.
apply the learned concepts in various domains like DBMS, Compiler Construction.
choose appropriate data structure for specified problem domain.
____________________________________________________________________________
Course Title – Lab Course – VII (OOP Using C++) Course Code: U-LAC-285
Max. Marks: 50 Credits: 02
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
Describe the object-oriented programming approach in connection with C++
Understand Object oriented concepts like data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance,
virtual function, etc.
Understand the difference between the top-down and bottom-up approach
Solve the real-world scenarios using top-down approach
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student should be able to
solve computational problems using basic constructs like if-else, control structures, array.
Students will be able to implement relationships between classes.
Identify importance of object-oriented programming and difference between structured
oriented and object-oriented programming features.
Make use of objects and classes for developing programs.
Use various object-oriented concepts to solve different problems
____________________________________________________________________________
Course Title – Lab Course – VIII (Digital Logic) Course Code: U-LAC-286
Max. Marks: 50 Credits: 02
Learning Objectives:
The course is designed to
Describe the object-oriented programming approach in connection with C++
Understand Object oriented concepts like data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance,
virtual function, etc.
Understand the difference between the top-down and bottom-up approach
Solve the real-world scenarios using top-down approach
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student are able to
Convert different type of codes and number systems which are used in digital
communication and computer systems.
Identify different types of logic families which are the basic unit of different types of
logic gates.
identify and describe introduction to digital concepts
apply the logic in different programming logic building.
Identify the microprocessor and components of microprocessor
____________________________________________________________________________
1. To perform and verify the truth tables of basic gates and derived gates
2. To perform and verify the truth tables of EX-OR and EX-NOR gate
3. To perform universal property of NAND gate
4. To perform universal property of NOR gate
5. To Implement and verify the truth table of any two Boolean equation
6. To perform and verify the truth table of half adder
7. To perform and verify the truth table of half subtractor
8. To perform and verify the truth table of multiplexer
9. To perform and verify the truth table of De-multiplexer
10. To perform and verify the truth table of encoder
11. To perform and verify the truth table of Decoder