Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 132 views

    To Study Morphological Structures of Honey Bee Through Permanent Slides/photographs

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Education
    1. The mouth parts of honey bees are adapted for both chewing and lapping. They include the labrum, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. 2. The glossa or tongue is elongated to form a hairy, flexible structure called the proboscis. At its tip is a small spoon-shaped lobe called the labellum that is used to lick up nectar. 3. Nectar is collected through a process called "viscous dipping" where the glossa is coated with nectar and then retracted into a tube formed by the maxillae and labial palps to suck up the nectar.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    To Study Morphological Structures of Honey Bee Through Permanent Slides/photographs

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Education
    132 views18 pages
    1. The mouth parts of honey bees are adapted for both chewing and lapping. They include the labrum, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. 2. The glossa or tongue is elongated to form a hairy, flexible structure called the proboscis. At its tip is a small spoon-shaped lobe called the labellum that is used to lick up nectar. 3. Nectar is collected through a process called "viscous dipping" where the glossa is coated with nectar and then retracted into a tube formed by the maxillae and labial palps to suck up the nectar.

    Original Title

    Untitled

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The mouth parts of honey bees are adapted for both chewing and lapping. They include the labrum, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. 2. The glossa or tongue is elongated to form a hairy, flexible structure called the proboscis. At its tip is a small spoon-shaped lobe called the labellum that is used to lick up nectar. 3. Nectar is collected through a process called "viscous dipping" where the glossa is coated with nectar and then retracted into a tube formed by the maxillae and labial palps to suck up the nectar.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    132 views18 pages

    To Study Morphological Structures of Honey Bee Through Permanent Slides/photographs

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Education
    1. The mouth parts of honey bees are adapted for both chewing and lapping. They include the labrum, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. 2. The glossa or tongue is elongated to form a hairy, flexible structure called the proboscis. At its tip is a small spoon-shaped lobe called the labellum that is used to lick up nectar. 3. Nectar is collected through a process called "viscous dipping" where the glossa is coated with nectar and then retracted into a tube formed by the maxillae and labial palps to suck up the nectar.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    To study morphological structures of honey bee

    through permanent slides/photographs


    Mouth parts
    Antennae
    Wings
    Legs (antennae cleaner, mid leg, pollen basket)
    Sting apparatus
    MORPHOLOGY OF HONEY BEE
    THE HEAD
    Head: Location of the eyes, brain, where the
    antennae attach.
    Mandibles: Strong outer mouthparts that help
    protect the proboscis.
    Proboscis: (Not shown) Tube-like mouth part
    used to suck up fluids.
    Ocelli: One of two types of insect eyes used to
    detect motion.
    Eye (Compound): The second type of eyes
    made of many light detectors called
    ommatidia. A type of eyes of insect eye that is
    made of many light detectors called
    ommatidia.
    Antenna: Movable segmented feelers that
    detect airborne scents and currents.
    Mandible: Strong outer mouthpart that helps
    protect the proboscis.
    Mouth parts
    chewing and lapping type
    Mouth parts of honeybee (Apis)

    The mouth parts of honey bee are attached to the lower part of the head
    and are of chewing and lapping type.

    Mouth parts consist


    Labrum
    Epipharynx
    Mandibles
    maxillae and
    labium
    Honey Bee-(A) Head and its appendages (Dorsal View)
    Head of honeybee (Apis)
    Honey Bee- Head and its appendages
    The glossa is similar to a long cylinder. The glossa
    consists of segments.

    On apical part of each of the segments there are


    16-20 hairs. The hairs on basal part of the glossa
    are stiff and short (32 - 63 micrometers long),
    whereas the hairs on the middle and apical part are
    longer (171.9±0.3 micrometers long).

    At the apex of the glossa there is a spoon-like


    flabellum. The mouthparts are cleaned with
    foreleg tarsi.
    Mouth parts chewing and lapping type

    1. The mouth parts of honey bee are attached to the lower part of the head.
    2. Mouth parts consist of labrum, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae and labium
    3. Labrum lies below the clypeus, below the labrum is a fleshy epipharynx
    4. Mandibles are smooth and situated on either side of the labrum
    5. The labium has submentum, mentum, prementum/paraglossa and a glossa or
    tongue with a long labial palp on each side. The glossa is long and can be
    extended, at its tip is a small labellum
    6. Maxillae fit over the mentum on either side, they bear small maxillary palps. The
    maxillae and labial palps form a tube enclosing the glossa which moves up and
    down to collect nectar which is forced upwards by pressing together of maxillae and
    labial palps.
    Mouthparts of honey bee worker

    Labrum lies below the clypeus, below the labrum is a fleshy epipharynx which is an organ of taste.

    Mandibles are smooth and situated on either side of the labrum, they are used in moulding wax and
    making the honeycomb.

    The labium has submentum, mentum, paraglossa and a glossa or tongue with a long labial palp on each
    side. The glossa is long and can be extended, at its tip is a small labellum, the glossa is used for
    gathering honey, it is an organ of touch and taste.

    Maxillae fit over the mentum on either side, they bear small maxillary palps. The maxillae and labial
    palps form a tube enclosing the glossa which moves up and down to collect nectar which is forced
    upwards by pressing together of maxillae and labial palps.

    Proboscis: formed temporarily by assembling parts of the maxillae and the labium to produce a unique
    tube for drawing up liquids

    Labellum: The glossae are greatly elongated to form a hairy, flexible tongue. The glossa terminates into a
    small circular spoon shaped lobe called labellum, which is useful to lick the nectar.
    Mechanism of liquid ingestion (Maxillolabial Structures)

    Ingesting liquid food by bees is based on mechanism of "viscous dipping".

    The tongue is extended and immersed into nectar. At this stage hairs on the glossa erect
    asynchronously and trap the nectar. The erectable hairs can increase the ability of a bee
    to collect nectar. Next, when coated with nectar, the glossa is retracted to a tube formed
    from galeae and labial palpi. Then the nectar is sucked into pharynx. There are ridges
    on the inner wall of galeae which can reduce friction during drinking.

    The tip of the labial palp and are covered with olfactory sensilla

    Honey bees are able to imbibe 1.8 microlitres of diluted nectar per second. It was
    suggested that the optimal for bees concentration of sugar in nectar, which is a
    compromise between energy content and intake speed is about 52%.
    Maxillolabial Structures

    Modified to form the lapping tongue; two galeae of maxillae, two labial Palps
    and an elongated flexible hairy glossa of labium
    Antenna
    Antennae of
    Honey Bee
    Antennae of
    Honey Bee

    The honey bee has two antennae in front (attached to its forehead).
    Each antenna has thousands of tiny sensors that detect smell (like a nose does).
    It consists of scape, pedicel and flagellum

    The bee uses this sense of smell to identify flowers, water, the colony, and
    maybe even you! They also, like the branched hairs mentioned earlier, detect
    feel.

    Function of Antennae:
    • Smell and feel
    • Detect direction of odour
    • Detect chemical (volatile and contact chemicals)
    Antennae of ‘‘waggle dance’’
    Honey Bee Best characterized form of
    communication

    Consists of a series of alternating


    left-hand and right-hand loops

    The dancer waggles her abdomen


    while vibrating her wings, thereby
    generating various sounds and air
    flows

    Other signals such as temperature,


    odor, tactile contact, and comb
    vibration

    These cues informs nestmates about


    the direction and distance to
    locations of attractive food
    External morphology of the
    honey bee antenna
    Airborne signals
     30 pulses per second, each pulse with a duration of about 20 ms and a carrier
    frequency of 265 Hz

     Air flows of a carrier frequency of 12–15 Hz, and jet flows.

    Honey bees can hear near-field sounds by detecting air-particle movements


    with Johnston’s organ (JO) located at the second segment (pedicel) of the
    antenna. JO transduces the mechanical vibration of the flagellum into the
    electrophysiological activation of chordotonal neurons.

    You might also like