KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON;

A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON MEDICAL
WASTE SEGREGATION AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
NYAMIRA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL.
PRESENTED BY: NANCY OMWENG'A
COLLEGE NUMBER: D/NURS/20016/2830
CLASS: MARCH 2020

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

NURSING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA
IN KENYA
REGISTERED COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

PO BOX 574-40500
NYAMIRA

April 2023
 DECLARATION
I Nancy Omweng'a declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any
institution for academic work. It should therefore not be reproduced without prior permission
from the author.

NAME..........................................................................................................................................

SIGNATURE...............................................................................................................................

DATE...........................................................................................................................................
.
I certify that i have supervised every stage of this research proposal as given by this report
and i hereby recommend it to phase two; report writing
SUPERVISOR; GILBERT ONYONO.

SIGNATURE...............................................................................................................................

DATE..........................................................................................................................................

i
 DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to the creator, the Almighty God who gave me the physical and mental
strength to undertake and accomplish this project in the prescribed period of time. My beloved
mum for bearing with me during the whole study period. I further dedicate this work to my
friends Veronica Muthoni,Bildad Nyaribo,Festus Ouro and Mathews Mogeni for their
cooperation during the research period

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost my sincere regards to Almighty God for strength, courage and
knowledge to carry out this study.
Gratitude goes to Mr. Gilbert Onyono who devoted a lot of time and patience to
this study and manuscript preparation.
I am particularly grateful for the extra ordinary advice, guidance and concern
accorded by my fellow colleagues.
My sincere regards to the Almighty God for strength, courage and knowledge to
carry out this study.

iii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATONS
UNICEF-United Nations Children Education Fund

MOH-Ministry of Health

NCRH-Nyamira County Referral Hospital

KMTC-Kenya Medical Training College

BWM-Biomedical Waste Management

iv
Table of Contents
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATONS..........................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background information........................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem statement..................................................................................................................2

1.3 Justification............................................................................................................................2

1.4 Broad objective......................................................................................................................2

1.5 Specific objectives.................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................................................4

LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................4

2.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................4

2.1 level of knowledge of health Workers On waste segregation................................................4

2.2 practice of health care workers on waste segregation............................................................5

2.3 attitude of health care workers on waste management..........................................................6

CHAPTER 3....................................................................................................................................9

RESEARCH METHADOLOGY.................................................................................................9

3.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................9

3.1 Study area...............................................................................................................................9

3.2 Study Population....................................................................................................................9

3.3 Study design...........................................................................................................................9

3.4 Sampling Strategy..................................................................................................................9

3.5 sampling method..................................................................................................................10

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 3.6 Sample size determination...................................................................................................10

3.7. Inclusive criteria..................................................................................................................11

3.8 Exclusive criteria..................................................................................................................11

3.9 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................11

3.10 Study limitations................................................................................................................12

3.11 Data Collection procedure.................................................................................................12

3.12 Data analysis techniques....................................................................................................12

3.13 Pretesting............................................................................................................................12

APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................14

APPENDIX 1.............................................................................................................................14

QUESTIONNAIRE...................................................................................................................14

APPENDIX II................................................................................................................................19

BUDGET...................................................................................................................................19

APPENDIX III...............................................................................................................................20

WORKPLAN.............................................................................................................................20

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background information
Medical waste is hazardous posing serious threat to environment Health and requires specific
segregation prior to final disposal. The problem is growing with ever increasing number of
hospitals, clinics and diagnostic laboratories. Persuasion of aim of reducing health problems
eliminating potential risk and health care services inevitable create waste which is hazardous to
health. Medical waste are from wards, theatre, laboratories and other sectors of hospital; this
iclude sharps(needles and lancet) , syringes, blood and body fluids, contaminated surgical
instruments, used gauzes,gloves,plasters or drugs, laboratory reagents and other chemicals
( Askarian et 2014).

Globally study cut it out at Tertiary hospital level in India showed health care workers had poor
practice on waste segregation poor attitude and insufficient knowledge on waste management
among health care workers . There was no effective waste segregation collection transportation
and disposal (Saini et al 2015).

In Nigeria study carried out at a general hospital in Anambra showed that lack of knowledge
poor attitude and inefficient practice of proper waste management what are the problems
militating against the proper hospital waste management. Lack of adequate training on health
care waste management observed in the health facility (prosper Adagu Nnamdi university, Awka
2014).

In Tanzania study carried out on lugula hospital showed that inadequate knowledge of handling
of healthcare waste can have serious health consequences under significant impact on the
environment example handling medical waste. Low knowledge among health care workers and
lack of adequate training on healthcare waste management (Ignacio s.Kangoji 2016).

In Nakuru a study conducted in six purposively selected health care facilities in Nakuru East sub-
county Kenya sure bet health facilities in NESC produce significant quantities of healthcare
waste. General healthcare waste was predominant followed by infectious waste and sharps. A
considerable proposition of healthcare facilities did not comply with the stipulated guidelines for
safe management of healthcare waste (Leonard Mawezi, Egerton University 2019). At NCHR
(study area) there is poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practices on waste segregation

1
inadequate facilities poor funding poor implementation of policies lack of knowledge training
gaps negative attitude failure to segregate waste and unsafe disposal poses public health leading
to dangers causing waste related diseases ecological imbalance and environmental pollution.

1.2 Problem statement

As a researcher Who has worked in the Nyamira county referral hospital In the surgical unit
waste segregation was not well practice is recommended and was mismanaged where by
infectious waste may lead to transmission of pathogens Like hepatitis B It can also result
patients, staff,waste handlers to be exposed to unnecessary health risks of the waste, sharps like
needles Can also cause injury to waste handlers. This prompted the researcher to come up with a
study To find out The Factors that Might be leading to Why waste segregation was not practiced
as recommended and This will help In coming up with solutions to help Curb This problem as
per the researcher's recommendations.

1.3 Justification
Health care waste management poses considerable risk to the environment and people. All health
care workers, waste handlers And the General public are exposed to health risk from infectious
waste and contaminated waste. They include hepatitis B and C, nosocomial infection, HIV and
AIDS Can be acquired through needle sticks respiratory infections environment economical
pollution from poor medical waste segregation from point of collection to disposal (Taru et al
2015)

Result of this study will contribute to understanding knowledge based, attitude and practice of
health care workers on waste segregation and have positive implication in NCRH and other
health facilities.

It will enable gain better understanding on process of waste segregation, the strength, capability
and the strength of future planning will also help reduce/prevent risk of transmission of
infections

1.4 Broad objective

To determine the knowledge attitude and process of health care providers on medical waste In
surgical unit at Nyamira county referral hospital.

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1.5 Specific objectives
1. To assess level of knowledge on medical waste segregation among the health workers in
surgical unit in NCRH.
2. To identify the practices on medical waste segregation among health care providers in
surgical unit in NCRH.
3. To assess the attitude of health care workers on medical waste segregation in surgical unit
at NCRH.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter reviews the literature done In Africa and other parts Hope the world. A review of
relevant literature Is an essential feature Or Any academic project An effective Review creates I
firm Foundation for advancing knowledge. It should be extensive and thorough Because It is
aimed at obtaining detailed knowledge of the topic understudy.

2.1 level of knowledge of health Workers On waste segregation

Knowledge is a set of skills acquired to fulfill an understanding of a given area. In this study the
concept Is defined As a state being aware of up to date Information on waste segregation.
Knowledge of health workers On waste segregation Is it required for them To be able To
properly segregate All types of waste and to reduce spread of infections. This function serves to
benefit the health workers, patients, visitors and community. It also costs and unnecessary
spending. In absence of any knowledge improper waste segregation may occur. According to
infection prevention and control guidelines health care workers should be trained So that they
can acquire proper knowledge on waste segmentation. (MOHSS, 2012)

Mathew et al, (2011). In Bangalore, India, knowledge regarding color coding and waste
segregation at source was better among nurses and laboratory staffs than among doctors, this was
in contrast with another study in Sana'a yemon that showed poor awareness among health care
workers regarding medical waste disposal. That showed knowledge among the technically
qualified personnel such as doctors, nurses and laboratory staffs was higher but it was low
among The sanitary staff. This agrees with the results of study in 2011 from Bijapur India In
which the teaching staff of the hospital gaue statistically more correct response to questions on
biomedical waste management (yadavannavar 2011).

Mehtar (2015). A study conducted in India Also on knowledge the guarding medical waste
among paramedical workers Found out important correlation between education And biomedical
Waste Management (BWM) activities In health care settings. This study showed that 85% of
doctors Laboratory technicians, nurses had knowledge of risk of health hazards; the auxiliary
staff knowledge was very poor. In Al Mansoura university hospital in Egypt Show did that
36.8% of doctors and 27.4% of nurses had satisfactory knowledge related to waste management.

4
The high overall knowledge of doctors In the study was mainly because of knowledge About
specific items example the biohazard symbol and what To place in red disposal and sharp's box,
higher education and professional levels (Salah 2014)

Rodger's (2015) . In sub Saharan Africa It is approximated that more than 600 health care
workers lose their lives yearly due to infection As a result of exposure to biomedical waste.
Some scholars believe that poor training of medical personnel that emphasizes on curative
treatment at the expense of preventive health care system Is a blame For increased problem of
management of biomedical waste. Improper handling of solid waste In hospitals therefore been
blamed for increased cases of airborne pathogenic bacteria Which adversely affects The hospital
environment and community at large. A study in Nigeria Showed It Does not has coordinated
health care waste management system especially in area segregation, collection, Storage,
treatment and disposal. The level of awareness among health care workers regarding waste has
not been adequately documented. Many health facilities do not have specific policy for
management of hospital waste. Hospital staff was knowledgeable about Waste segregation
practices but that poor compliance with policies. However After training in waste management
The correct responses Increased and bio hazardous waste disposal Reduced. In Sudan and
Pakistan a study suggest that intensive health care waste management Cleaning will be effective
intervention for improving knowledge among health care workers And it has recorded I
significant improvement immediately after educational program (Elnour et al 2015)

In Kenya It was Found out that health and safety In healthcare waste management Was not
included In most of the curriculum for training the health professionals (nurses, clinicians,
laboratory technologists). However Most of them acquired knowledge through on job training
from seminars and informally through organized talks at work place. The MOH.2012 in Kenya
carried research across the country on the state of biomedical study and it revealed that
biomedical waste management techniques. Other Reset findings done in other parts of the world
shows that there’s a knowledge gap on waste management among health care workers (Mayabi
et al 2012)

2.2 practice of health care workers on waste segregation

Practice is doing something based on the skills You have. Studies done from different parts of
the world shows that health care workers Have poor sufficient practice on waste management.
Even though Progress in training and drill have been made there are still deficiencies remaining

5
on Waste management. Practices score's of nurses where significantly higher than those of
physician’s example 84% versus 66%. This undoubtedly reflects doctors’ lack of awareness of
the problem in general and their role in waste management. This is due to Lack of training of
fewer Physicians In our study Reported Receiving training on proper Waste management are
there hospital than did nurses. There was deficient practices among doctors May be due to
patients overload or in adequate suppliers or lack of interest of participating in training programs.
This disagreed with the study done In Thailand which showed high school practices In respect of
waste management. (Pensiri, akkajit er al 2020)

Medical waste handlers Are working In a very poor and unsafe working environment and mostly
They are victims of occupational hazards from poor waste management practice. Study done In
Godar Ethiopia Showed the practices Was adequate as 80% of the respondents used personal
protective equipment example gloves boots and aprons. Proper technique an adequate practice
Manchester can go how long way towards safe disposal and protection of the community from
various adverse effects of hazardous waste (Padmaja, 2017).

Study Done in Tanzania Showed that there are a few main issues hindering effective biomedical
waste management including lack of facilities or infrastructure and lack of skills and knowledge
among health care workers in handling the same. A study conducted on two hospitals in
Tanzania Showed that At least 25% on the medical waste in the two hospitals was not sorted at
the source accordingly. (Samuel mayele 2021).

Study conducted in Nakuru Showed that Nakuru East sub counties produce significant quantities
of health care waste. General Healthcare waste was predominant Followed by Infectious waste
and sharps. A considerable proportion of the health care facilities did not comply with the
stipulated guidelines for the safe management of health care waste. Concerned authorities in all
health care facilities should be a lot and proactive regarding proper Management of health care
waste (Osero, Kenyatta University 2021).

In Nyamira county referral hospital there is poor implementation policies On handling waste
segregation straining gaps and lack skills and knowledge among Healthcare workers Which may
lead to occupational hazard.

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2.3 attitude of health care workers on waste management
Attitude is not gained by birth they are learned and adopted By experience and culturally gained
during socialization. Attitude of healthcare workers could influence the way they segregate
waste. Attitude of health care workers could influence the way they segregate waste. Health care
workers negative attitude in hospitals Might be triggered by poor working circumstances such as
poor leadership, poor communication and uncooperative behavior among some of the health care
workers In the facilities.

Prashart and Gopalakrishman (2018) the findings of two studies In India Suggested that the
biomedical waste management program cannot successfully the implemented without the
willingness and cooperation of health professionals. Study done in Guinea relating attitude of
health care workers on waste segregation was found that more than 85% had positive attitude
towards medical waste management and agreed that medical waste generated in hospitals must
be handled properly to prevent The Hazard associated with exposure. It was found out that health
care workers paid attention to basic safety precaution In medical segregation and agreed That it
was necessary to wear gloves To prevent exposure too highly Hazardous waste and control the
spread of infection.

The self awareness in handling medical waste Was one of the important skills that influence the
positive attitude in The quality of medical waste management And believed That's safer disposal
of biomedical waste Was there a duty and not an extra burden (Alkkalit et al. 2020)

Study done in democratic Republic of Congo relating to attitude of health care workers waste
management And segregation was found that the attitude of nurses towards separation of
infectious and non infectious waste and proper disposal and implementation of rules Was
positive as compared to technicians And housekeeping stuff. According to the study 106%
agreed that waste segregation is the responsibility of the cleaners. This shows that there is
negative attitude towards waste segregation The perception is contributing Factor to poor waste
segregation (Pandit 2021).

Study in Nakuru county in Kenya relating to attitude of health care workers On which
segregation Was found That poor attitude and In efficient practice On proper waste Management
Were The problems militating Against The proper Hospital Waste management thus suggested

7
that waste segregation program cannot be successfully implemented without the willingness and
cooperation of health professionals(Joash 2020).

Study done in Uganda relating to attitudes of health care providers on waste segregation showed
that health care Waste's are one of the most hazardous waste globally; second the only radiation
waste. Health care waste management need to be prioritized Because of the devastating effects
on human health and environment If not well managed.

I survey was done in the cross sectional and health care facilities in Kampala. Health care
workers what interviewed and the provided data on social demographic characteristics
knowledge attitudes and practices on health care Waste Management. The practices of health
care workers on health care waste management were largely satisfactory. Higher odds of health
care management were determined among health workers with diploma education previous
health care waste management trainings and among those who provided health care waste
management was important. There is need to organize health care West management trainings in
order to improve The waste management practices among health care providers (Fredrick Oporia
2020).

Hazardous health care waste poses a great danger to public health and environment If it is not
properly managed. There is need for health care workers environment In its management to
understand the integral link between human health and environmental health.

Study done in Kisumu to identify gaps in knowledge, attitude and practice among health care
workers. A self administered questionnaire was used to identify the gaps regarding health care
provider’s attitude and practice. It was found the health and safety In health care waste
management Was not included in most of the curriculum for training The three health care
professionals (clinicians, nurses and laboratory technician). This study therefore concluded that it
is necessary for health care workers Training curriculum to include health and safety issues while
managing hazardous healthcare waste as well as establishes they need for health care institutions
to conduct continuing education on health and safety in the management of health care waste
(Linda Achieng 2021)

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 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHADOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter focus on research design area of study population sample design on something
procedure research instrument of data collection and presentation.

3.1 Study area

The study is to be conducted in Nyamira county Referral Hospital. This is the largest and main
Referral hospital in Nyamira County. There are several departments in the hospital that is
inpatient and outpatient departments. Inpatient department had a bed capacity of approximately
40 beds in each unit. The county covers a total area of 912. 5 km² with a population of 605 576 at
2019. It has sub-county hospitals which include manga masaba, kijauri and nyamusi were we
have patients are referred to Nyamira County Referral Hospital.

3.2 Study Population

Population refers to the entire group of individuals, events or objects having a common
observable characteristic. The researcher would like to generalize the results to absolute
population which is known as target population (Mugenda 2009). The target population will
include all willing medicals personal and supportive staff in Nyamira County Referral Hospital.

3.3 Study design

The research design is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation of answering the research
questions the researcher selects to carry out the study. The researcher will use descriptive cross
sectional study design where individuals at different backgrounds will be sampled out then
subjected to prepare predetermined uniform questionnaires. The research design is preferred
since the researcher will be describing the real situation in a real setting over a short period of
time. Data collection will be done by different techniques such as questionnaires and interviews.

3.4 Sampling Strategy

As a researcher I intend to use the purposive sampling technique. The advantages of purposive
sampling Is that its enables researcher's to squeeze A lot of information out of the data That they
have collected. Purposive allows the researcher to gather qualitative responses which leads to
better insights and more precise results. However they disadvantages of purposive sampling
techniques Is that either accidentally or by design eliminate important sub groups from the study.

9
It is also not effective on a large scale even total population sampling has its limitation before the
results are too diverse Scattered and specific to be useful. I will purposely select those
individuals that fit research topic and reject those who do not fit when creating the sample.

3.5 sampling method

Sampling Is the selection of a substitute of individuals from within a statistical population to
estimate the characteristics of the whole population. Purposive sampling method refers to a
group of non probability sampling techniques In which units Are selected Because they have
characteristics That you need In your example. In other words units how to selected on on
purpose in purposive sampling. The common and simplest method for selecting participants for
focus group is called purposive or convenient sampling. This means that you will need to select
those members of the community who you think will provide you with the best information It
need not to be random selection. To avoid biasness in purposive sampling Define a target
population and something frame. Make online survey as short and accessible as possible. Follow
up of none respondents and also avoid convenience sampling. Advantages of purposive
sampling, It helps one to make the most out of small population of interest and arrive at valuable
research outcome. It allows the researcher together qualitative responses leads to better Insights
and more precise research results. However did you set advantages of purposive sampling at the
accidentally or by design eliminates the sub group which are important. From this study It is also
not effective In large scale Even though total population sampling has its limitations because the
results are too scattered diversely and specific to be useful.

3.6 Sample size determination

The desired size was calculated using fishers’ et al formula.

Where n = z^2 pg/d^2

Where:

N = the desired sample size (if the largest population is greater than 10000 people)

n = the standard normal deviation at the required levels

P = the proportion in the target population estimated to have particular characteristics.

Q=proportion of Population without derived characteristics

10
D= degree of accuracy desired at 10% the level of statistics significance set 50% is used as per
fisher et al if no estimate is available

If the target population is less than 10000 the required sample size will be smaller, in such cases
final sample estimate (nf) using the formula below

nf = (n/ 1+ n/N)

Where nf = the new sample size

N= the estimated population size

Therefore nf =18 /1+18/1000)3=18/1+0.018

nf=18/1.018

nf =17.68

N = 18 respondents

Therefore, the desired sample size is 18 respondents

3.7. Inclusive criteria

This explains the key features of the target population that are directly involved in investigation.
In my research study I will include all the health care providers In Nyamira County Referral
Hospital working In surgical unit and willing to participate in these research.

3.8 Exclusive criteria

Those health care providers working in surgical unit at Nyamira county referral hospital But did
not Give consent to participate in the study and those health care providers who are working at
Nyamira but not in the surgical unit.

3.9 Ethical considerations

I the researcher Was ethical In the course of the study to ensure morality And disregard to social,
political and economic norms. Authority to conduct this research was obtained from the training
institution research lecture. The permission to conduct this study was open from medical officer
of hospital consent was sort from respondents before administering questionnaires. The
information collected was treated I was private and confidential and used for purpose of study

11
alone. I the researcher Explain to the respondents on benefits of participating on the study So as
to avoid unnecessary speculations and expectations.

3.10 Study limitations

These are characteristics or design or methodology that some extent impacted or influenced their
application and interpretation of the results of my study. They include constraints on
generalizability and utility of findings in my research study for instance some eligible
participants could decline to participate in the research study due to personal reasons. Some
participants could withhold Information that might be useful in analyzing my research findings
to come up with a reliable and viable solution towards my study problem. Likewise there could
be informed participants among the subjects who could like to exaggerate their responses during
interviewing process thereby over rating and not representing the true picture of the whole target
population. It is therefore necessary to take a bold move and use proper sampling technique
during the sample size determination process and cluster the respondents into eligible quotas that
will give a proper presentation in order to be successful and fruitful in the research study. Finally
inadequate capital and resources for the entire study.

3.11 Data Collection procedure

It involved provision of structured questionnaires to the targeted individuals. The respondents
were given a chance to respond to all questions without fear. The questionnaire composed of
opens and closes ended questions and helped to get specific information within limited time.

3.12 Data analysis techniques

After data collection the researcher assembled the written information into standard order, which
may be arranged according to the number of patients they had for the researcher to find it easy
when looking for any missing information. It helped in sorting complete and incomplete
questionnaires and account for it. The raw data after collection was interpreted, processed and
sorted into a complete package of software analysis test for statistical significance. It was
summarized and presented by bar graphs, pie charts and in frequency.

3.13 Pretesting
Before data collection the prepared questionnaires were pretested in Nyamira County Referral
Hospital before the actual data collection to know whether the answers given are for the research
objective. I carried out a pretest to rule out and to know the number of health care providers

12
working in surgical unit To see their reactions, check sampling procedure, Discover any missing
or any errors In the instruments and evaluate the procedures of data processing. I identified No
gaps and also spaces for writing the responses was enough and hence No deficiencies noted in
the questionnaire.

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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent:

1. Answer all questions

2. For multiple choice questions tick the correct answer in the box provided

3. Answer only what is asked

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Please provide the following information about yourself

1. How old are you?

i. 12 – 15. [ ]
ii. 16 – 35 [ ]
iii. 36 – 44 [ ]
iv. 45 and above [ ]

2. Religion
i. Christian [ ]
ii. Muslim [ ]
iii. Hinduism [ ]
iv. Others (specify) ………………………………………..

3. Marital status
i. Single [ ]
ii. Married [ ]
iii. Separated (divorced) [ ]
iv. Widowed [ ]

14
v. Others (specify) ………………………………………….

4. Gender
i. Male [ ]
ii. Female [ ]

5. Educational level
i. Primary [ ]
ii. Secondary [ ]
iii.tertiary [ ]
iv. Others (specify) ………………………………………

PART TWO

1. Where do you dump used needles and syringes?

i. Safety boxes [ ]
ii. Dustbin
iii. Nursing station [ ]
iv. Others (specify)………………………………….

2. Where do you dump infectious waste?

i. Red bin [ ]
ii yellow bin [ ]
iii. Black bin [ ]
iv. All of the above

3. In which bin do you dump the highly infectious waste?

i. Red bin [ ]
ii. Green bin [ ]
iii. Black bin [ ]
iv. Yellow bin [ ]

15
 4. Where do you usually discard the gauzes that have been used in wound dressing?
i. In highly infectious waste bin [ ]
ii. In a noninfectious waste bin [ ]
iii. In a infectious waste bin [ ]
iv. None of the above [ ]

5. What is supposed to be done to the discarded sharps?

i. Incinerator [ ]
ii. Burning [ ]
iii. Boiling [ ]
iv. Sterilization [ ]

PART THREE

1. How do you dispose the sharps after use?

i. Incinerator [ ]
ii. Burning [ ]
iii. Compost pit [ ]
iv. All of the above

2. How do you sterilize the equipments used in wound cleaning and hospital procedures?
i. autoclaving [ ]
ii. Decontamination [ ]
iii. Boiling [ ]
iv. None of the above

3. Where do you dispose the used gauzes and bandanges?

i. Waste bags [ ]
ii. Safety box [ ]
iii. Compost pit [ ]

16
 iv. Incinerator [ ]

4. How do you decontaminate admission bed before admitting a new patient?

i. Through carbonizing [ ]
ii. Washing [ ]
iii. Dump dusting [ ]
iv. Bed making [ ]

5. Do waste handlers use personal protective equipment when handling the medical waste?
i. Yes [ ]
ii. No [ ]
PART FOUR.

1. The responsibility of waste segregation belongs to?

i. Nurses [ ]
ii. Supportive staff [ ]
iii. Security [ ]
iv. Students [ ]

2. Do the Physician Agree that safe disposal is of outmost importance to infection

prevention?
i. Yes [ ]
ii. No [ ]

3. Do the physician Express the willingness to cooperate With hospital waste management
team?
i. Yes [ ]
ii. No [ ]
iii. If yes specify…………………………….

4. Can safe waste disposal to be a financial burden on the administrative department?

17
i. No [ ]
ii. Yes [ ]
iii. If no specify…………………………….

5. Does the use of personal protective equipment Decrease the risk of contracting of
Infections among health care workers?
i. Yes [ ]
ii. No [ ]

18
 APPENDIX II
BUDGET.
BUDGET ITEM QUANTITY AMOUNT

Plain papers 1 ream 500

Pens 5@ 20 100

Pencils 3 @ 10 30

Erasers 3 @ 10 30

Spring files 1 90

Internet charges 100

Typing and printing 1000

Binding 500

Miscellaneous 400

Total 2765

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 APPENDIX III
WORKPLAN
ACTIVITY SEP 2022 OCT 2022 NOV 2022 DEC 2022 JAN 2023

Search for the

topic presenting
the proposed topic
and the objectives
of the research.

Problem
statement,
justification,
background
information and
Literature review.

Research
methodology
describing the
study area,
formulating the
research design,
target population,
sampling,
instrumentation,
pretest Data
collection analysis
and presentation of
the research
findings and
recommendation.

Data collection
analysis and
presentation of the
research findings
and
recommendation.

Data collection
analysis and
presentation of the
research findings
and
recommendation.

20