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CHGV 101 Tutorial 3 Questions Kinetics

This document contains 7 multi-part chemistry problems involving chemical kinetics concepts such as: 1) Determining rate laws and rate constants from experimental data on reaction rates. 2) Calculating concentrations and half-lives using first-order rate equations. 3) Identifying zero, first, and second-order reactions from graphs of concentration vs. time and reaction rate vs. concentration. 4) Using the Arrhenius equation to determine activation energy and pre-exponential factor from rate constants measured at different temperatures.

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Ovayo Tyala
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102 views4 pages

CHGV 101 Tutorial 3 Questions Kinetics

This document contains 7 multi-part chemistry problems involving chemical kinetics concepts such as: 1) Determining rate laws and rate constants from experimental data on reaction rates. 2) Calculating concentrations and half-lives using first-order rate equations. 3) Identifying zero, first, and second-order reactions from graphs of concentration vs. time and reaction rate vs. concentration. 4) Using the Arrhenius equation to determine activation energy and pre-exponential factor from rate constants measured at different temperatures.

Uploaded by

Ovayo Tyala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Phys Chem CHGV 101 Tutorials

Chapter 3: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Some useful relationships

1 1
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[𝐴𝐴]𝑡𝑡 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[𝐴𝐴]0 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 = 𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 −𝐸𝐸𝑎𝑎⁄𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
[𝐴𝐴]𝑡𝑡 [𝐴𝐴]0
0.693 𝐸𝐸𝑎𝑎
[𝐴𝐴]𝑡𝑡 = [𝐴𝐴]0 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑡𝑡½ = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 −
𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

1. Chlorine dioxide reacts with hydroxide ions in aqueous solution:


2 ClO2(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) → ClO3-(aq) + ClO2-(aq) + H2O(l)
From suitable experiments, it was found that the reaction is 2nd order in ClO2 and 1st
order in OH-.
a) Write the differential rate law for the reaction.
d[ClO2] d[OH-]
b) When − =1.00x10-3 M s-1 what is the value of − ?
dt dt
d[ClO2] d[ClO3¯ ]
c) When − =1.00x10-3 M s-1 what is the value of ?
dt dt
-2 - -3
d) When [ClO2] = 1.25x10 M and [OH ] = 1.30x10 M, the rate of formation of
ClO3- = 2.3 x10-4 M s-1. Determine the value of the rate constant (k).
e) Calculate the rate of formation (M s-1) of ClO3- when [ClO2] = 8.25x10-3 M
and [OH-] = 5.35x10-2 M.
2. The reaction of peroxydisulphate ion (S2O82-) with iodide ion (I-) is
S2O82-(aq) + 3 I-(aq) → 2 SO42-(aq) + I3-(aq)
From the following data collected at a certain temperature

Experiment [S2O82-] (M) [I-] (M) Initial Rate (M/s)

1 0.080 0.034 2.2 × 10-4


2 0.080 0.017 1.1 × 10-4
3 0.16 0.017 2.2 × 10-4

Determine the rate law and the rate constant.

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Phys Chem CHGV 101 Tutorials – 2022

3. In a dilute basic solution, hydrogen peroxide decomposes:


2 H2O2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g)
At 20°C it took 10.9 s for the H2O2 concentration to drop from 0.0200 M to 0.0100 M
and another 10.9 s for the concentration to drop to 0.0050 M.
a) What is the order of the reaction?
b) Calculate the value of the rate constant for the reaction.
c) How long would it take for the H2O2 concentration to drop to 1/16th of its original
value?
d) In a separate experiment (also at 20°C) the original H2O2 concentration was 0.0500
M. What was the concentration after 60.0 s?

4. The elimination of chloramphenicol from blood serum follows first order kinetics with
a rate constant of 0.64 h-1. At 09h00 an intravenous injection was administered, and the
blood serum concentration of chloramphenicol was 48.0 µg/mL. What would you
expect the concentration to be at 14h30?

5. Three different reactions were studied experimentally (one of the reactions was zero
order, one was first order and the other was second order). Graphs were plotted from
the results. The equations for any straight lines are shown on the graph and given in
the form y = mx + c, where m is the gradient (slope) and c is the intercept on the y-axis.
Use the graphs to answer the questions that come below.
Reaction 1
Reaction rate (mol dm-3 s-1)
Concentration (mol dm-3)

y = 0.105x

Time (s) Concentration (mol dm-3)

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Phys Chem CHGV 101 Tutorials – 2022

Reaction 2

Reaction rate (mol dm-3 s-1)


Concentration (mol dm-3)

y = -3.97x10-3x + 8.00x10-2
y = 3.97x10-3

Time (s) Concentration (mol dm-3)

Reaction 3

Reactn rate (mol dm-3 s-1)


Concentration (mol dm-3)

Time Concentration (mol dm-3)

a) Which reaction is zero order? Write the rate law for the zero-order reaction and
include the value of the rate constant (with units).
b) Which reaction is first order? Write the rate law for the first order reaction and
include the value of the rate constant (with units).
c) Which reaction is second order? What graph would you draw (what axes would
you use) to find the value of the rate constant and what would the graph look like?

6. Iodine atoms combine to form molecular iodine in the gas phase


I(g) + I(g) → I2(g)

This reaction follows second-order kinetics and has a high rate constant, 7.0 × 109 M-1
s-1 at 23°C. If the initial concentration of I is 0.086 M, calculate the concentration after
2.0 min and the half-life of the reaction.

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Phys Chem CHGV 101 Tutorials – 2022

7. Rate constants for the first order decomposition of morphine were determined at
several different temperatures. The results are tabulated below and shown
graphically.

Temperature (°C) 15 25 35 45 55
Rate constant (d-1) 2.0x10-4 3.0x10-4 1.3x10-3 2.7x10-3 2.2x10-2

a) Calculate the activation energy (kJ/mol) for the decomposition of morphine.


b) Calculate the value of the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (A) for the
decomposition of morphine.
c) Calculate the value of the first order rate constant (k) at a temperature of 5°C.
d) Calculate the half-life for the decomposition of morphine at 5°C.
e) Calculate how long the morphine could be kept in a refrigerator (at 5°C) before
10% of the morphine had decomposed.

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