AE2202 Fluid Dynamics - Homework 5

Hafizh Renanto Akhmad - 13621060

April 1, 2023

1
Problem 1
The x and y components of velocity for a two-dimensional flow are u = 6y ft/s and v = 3 ft/s where y is in
feet. Determine the equation for the streamlines and sketch representative streamlines in the upper half plane.

Answer
The streamline equation of streamline may be obtained by integrating:
dy vy
= (1)
dx vx
For this case,
dy v
=
dx u
dy 3
=
dx 6y
dy 1
=
dx 2y
2y dy = dx
y2 = x + C
y2 − x = C

Sketch:

2
Problem 2
Show that the streamlines for a flow whose velocity components are u = c(x2 − y 2 ) and where v = 2cxy, where
c is a constant, are given by the equation x2 y − y 3 /3 = constant. At which point (points) is the flow parallel
to the y axis? At which point (points) is the fluid stationary?

Answer
When the point is parallel to the y axis, the velocity in x−direction should be zero, or:

u=0
x − y2 = 0
2

x2 = y 2
x = ±y

Thus, the flow is parallel to the y axis at (t, ±t), where t ∈ R. When the point is stationary, the velocity
components are u = 0 and v = 0.

v=0
xy = 0
x=0 ∨ y=0

Intersecting both solutions of u = 0 and v = 0, we get that the flow is stationary at (x, y) = (0, 0).

3
Problem 3
The x− and y−components of a velocity field are given by u = (V0 /l)x and v = −(V0 /l)y, where V0 and l are
constants. Plot the streamlines for this flow and determine the acceleration field.

Answer
We may find the streamline equation by integrating:
dy vy
= (2)
dx vx
For this case,
dy v
=
dx u
dy −(V0 /l)y
=
dx (V0 /l)x
dy −y
=
dx x
dy −dx
=
y x
ln |y| = − ln |x| + C
ln |y| + ln |x| = C
ln |xy| = C
|xy| = eC ≡ K
|xy| = K

Sketch:

4
On the other hand, the acceleration field may be found by differentiating the velocity field:
dv
a=
dt
∂v
= + v · ∇v
∂t
∂v ∂v ∂v
= + · vx + · vy
∂t ∂x ∂y
     
∂vx ∂vx ∂vx
 ∂t   ∂x   ∂y 
     
= +  · vx +   · vy
 ∂vy   ∂vy   ∂vy 
∂t ∂x ∂y
     
∂[(V0 /l)x] ∂[(V0 /l)x] ∂[(V0 /l)x]
∂t ∂x ∂y
     
= +  · (V0 /l)x +   · −(V0 /l)y
     
 ∂[−(V0 /l)y]   ∂[−(V0 /l)y]   ∂[−(V0 /l)y] 
∂t ∂x ∂y
     
0 (V0 /l) 0
= + · (V0 /l)x + · −(V0 /l)y
0 0 −(V0 /l)
(V0 /l)2 x
   
0
= +
0 (V0 /l)2 y
 
2 x
a = (V0 /l)
y

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Problem 4
A fluid flows past a sphere with an upstream velocity of V0 = 40 m/s as shown in the following figure. From a
more advanced theory, it is found that the speed of the fluid along the front part of the sphere is V = 23 V0 sin θ.
Determine the streamwise and normal components of acceleration at point A if the radius of the sphere is
a = 0.20 m.

Answer
At A, the speed of fluid along the front part of the sphere is
3
VA = V0 sin θA
2
3
= (40 m/s) sin 40°
2
= 60 sin 40° m/s
Let s be the unit vector in the direction of the streamwise velocity, n be the unit vector in the direction of the
normal velocity. The velocity of the fluid at a certain point on the sphere is
v = V ŝ (3)
Therefore, the acceleration of the fluid at that certain point is
dv
a=
dt
∂v
= + (v · ∇) v
∂t
∂ŝ ∂V ∂v
=V + ŝ + V
∂t ∂t ∂s
V ∂v ∂θ
= V · n̂ + 0 + V
a ∂θ ∂s
V2 ∂V 1
= n̂ + V · ŝ
a ∂θ a
Therefore, our streamwise acceleration is
V ∂V
as = ·
a ∂θ
V ∂ 32 V0 sin θ


= ·
a ∂θ
3
V0 sin θ 3
= 2 · V0 cos θ
a 2
9 V0 2
= sin θ cos θ
4 a
9 (40 m/s)2
(as )A = sin 40° cos 40°
4 0.20 m
= 8863.270 m/s
and our normal acceleration is
V2
an =
a
2
(60 sin 40°)
(an )A =
0.2 m
= 7437.166 m/s

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Problem 5
Assume the temperature of the exhaust in an exhaust pipe can be approximated by T = T0 1 + ae−bx [1 + c cos ωt],

where T0 = 100°C, a = 3, b = 0.03m−1 , c = 0.05, and ω = 100 rad/s. If the exhaust speed is a constant 3 m/s,
determine the time rate of change of temperature of the fluid particles at x = 0 and x = 4 m when t = 0.

Answer
As the exhaust come from a pipe, it only should move in one direction. We may determine the time rate of
change of temperature of the fluid particles by using the following equation:
DT ∂T
= + v · ∇T (4)
Dt ∂t
For the first term,
∂T ∂ 
T0 1 + ae−bx [1 + c cos ωt]


=
∂t ∂t
= T0 1 + ae−bx (−ωc sin ωt)

For the second term,

∂T
v · ∇T = vx ·
∂x
= (u) · T0 −abe−bx [1 + c cos ωt]

= −T0 u abe−bx [1 + c cos ωt]

Therefore,
DT
= T0 1 + ae−bx (−ωc sin ωt) − T0 u abe−bx [1 + c cos ωt]



Dt
= −T0 1 + ae−bx (ωc sin ωt) + u abe−bx [1 + c cos ωt]




Thus, for t = 0 and x = 0,

DT
= −(100 + 273.15)[(1 + 3e−0 )(100 · 0.05 sin 0) + 3 0.03e−0 (1 + 0.05 cos 0)]


Dt
= −105.788 K/s

and for x = 4 m,
DT
= −(100 + 273.15)[(1 + 3e−0.03·4 )(100 · 0.05 sin 0) + 3 0.03e−0.03·4 (1 + 0.05 cos 0)]


Dt
= −93.826 K/s