Untitled

WALL VISION CORPORATION
Overview
This report addresses the structural calculations for tower CW systems, where the worst case of the CW
being considered in this analysis
The Ultimate strength Design data;
1. Fty= Tensile and compressive yield strength= 170 Mpa

2. Fsu= Shear ultimate strength = 130 Mpa
3. ny= Safety factor =1.65
The Design analysis considering allowable stress design (ASD)
1. Fb= Design Bending strength = 103 Mpa

2. Fv= Design Shear strength = 58.6 Mpa
Hence ASD utilises only 60% of its design strength, evidently the 1.50% proof load is assured
and the fixing bolts considered is base on the given allowable stresses from AAMA TIR A9-91;
3. Fixing bolts allowable shear stress = 0.40/(3)0.50*Fu

4. Fixing bolts allowable bearing stress on ply thickness= 1.2 Fu
The Alcoves - Structural Calculations for Tower CW systems --22/02/2018 3 / 159

Table of Contents
1 BASIC DATA ................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 STANDARDS AND SOFTWARES ................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 M ATERIALS ............................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Aluminium Extrusions ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 Aluminium sheet AA 5005-H14 ....................................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 Steel Sections .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.4 Glass ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 DEFLECTION LIMITS ................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 LOADINGS ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4.1 Dead Load ....................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.2 Wind Load....................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 DESIGN OF WIND LOAD ............................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.1 Sample Computation of Wind Load (L35) ..................................................................................... 21
1.5.2 Wind Load Tabulation .................................................................................................................... 22
2 W-01A .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1 MULLION @ SLIDING DOOR ..................................................................................................................... 24
2.1.1 Reference Elevation PE-101 ......................................................................................................... 24
2.1.2 Reference Detail DE-104 ............................................................................................................... 25
2.1.3 Mullion Section Property ................................................................................................................ 26
2.1.4 Mullion Member Forces ................................................................................................................. 28
2.1.5 Mullion Stresses and Deflection .................................................................................................... 30
2.1.6 Side Frame Stresses and Deflection ............................................................................................. 37
2.1.1 Check screw connections .............................................................................................................. 39
2.2 INTERLOCKER ......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.2.3 Interlocker Section Property .......................................................................................................... 42
2.2.4 Interlocker Member Forces ............................................................................................................ 44
2.2.5 Interlocker Stresses and Deflection ............................................................................................... 46
2.3 MULLION @ WINDOW .............................................................................................................................. 53
2.3.3 Mullion Section Property ................................................................................................................ 55
2.3.4 Mullion Member Forces ................................................................................................................. 57
2.3.5 Mullion Stresses and Deflection .................................................................................................... 59
2.4 DESIGN OF OPERABLE WINDOW .............................................................................................................. 66
2.4.2 Sash Frame Section Properties..................................................................................................... 68
2.4.3 Punch Window Member Reactions ............................................................................................... 69
2.4.4 Check Stresses.............................................................................................................................. 72
2.4.5 Check Sealant Bite at Operable Window ...................................................................................... 77
2.4.6 Check Snubber .............................................................................................................................. 78
2.4.7 Check Bar Hinges Capacity........................................................................................................... 80
2.4.8 Check Perimeter Frame ................................................................................................................ 81
2.4.9 Check Locking Point ...................................................................................................................... 82
2.5 HEADER TRACK ...................................................................................................................................... 83
2.5.2 Check Header Bending Stress ...................................................................................................... 85
2.5.3 Check Fastener ............................................................................................................................. 86
2.6 HORIZONTAL DOOR TRACK...................................................................................................................... 87
2.6.2 Check Horizontal Door Track Bending Stress ............................................................................... 89
2.6.3 Check Vertical Door Frame Bending Stress .................................................................................. 90
2.7 GLASS LOAD RESISTANCE AND DEFLECTION............................................................................................ 91
2.7.1 Sliding Door Glass ......................................................................................................................... 91
2.7.1 Window Glass ................................................................................................................................ 93

2.8 CHECK PRESSURE PLATE ........................................................................................................................ 95
2.1 CHECK BOLTS ........................................................................................................................................ 96
2.1.2 Check Top Bolt Stresses ............................................................................................................... 97
2.1.3 Check Intermediate Bolt Stresses ............................................................................................... 105
3 W-34 ........................................................................................................................................................... 113
3.1 MULLION............................................................................................................................................... 113
3.1.1 Reference Elevation PE-113 ....................................................................................................... 113
3.1.2 Reference Detail DE-109 ............................................................................................................. 114
3.1.3 Mullion Section Property .............................................................................................................. 115
3.1.4 Mullion Member Forces ............................................................................................................... 117
3.1.5 Mullion Stresses and Deflection .................................................................................................. 118
3.2 TRANSOM ............................................................................................................................................. 122
3.2.1 Reference Elevation PE-113 ....................................................................................................... 122
3.2.3 Section Property .......................................................................................................................... 124
3.2.4 Member Forces and Reaction ..................................................................................................... 125
3.2.5 Aluminum Transom Analysis ....................................................................................................... 126
3.3 GLASS LOAD RESISTANCE AND DEFLECTION.......................................................................................... 132
3.3.1 Window Glass .............................................................................................................................. 132
3.4 CHECK SEALANT BITE ........................................................................................................................... 135
3.5 CHECK BOLTS ...................................................................................................................................... 136
3.5.2 Check Top Bolt Stresses ............................................................................................................. 137
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................... 145
A. EXCERPTS FROM ASTM-E1300-02 ....................................................................................................... 146
B. EXCERPTS FROM ASCE-7-05 ............................................................................................................... 148
C. EXCERPTS FROM AAMA-TIR-A9-91 ..................................................................................................... 150
D. WINDOW HARDWARE DATA................................................................................................................. 151
E. MULLION STAAD FILE ........................................................................................................................... 155
F. INTERLOCKER STAAD FILE .................................................................................................................. 156
G. MULLION @ WINDOW STAAD FILE...................................................................................................... 157
H. PUNCH WINDOW STAAD FILE .............................................................................................................. 158
I. EXCERPTS FROM EXTERNAL FAÇADE SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS .............................................. 159

1 Basic Data
1.1 Standards and Softwares

• NSCP 2010 6th Edition National Structural Code of the Philippines
• ASTM – E 1300 – 02 Determining load resistance of glass in buildings
• AAMA TIR – A9 – 1991 Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners
• Aluminium Design Manual 2010 Specification for Aluminium Structures
by The Aluminum Association, Inc
• Microsoft office Calculation spread sheet
• STAAD Pro. V8i Software for structural analysis.
1.2 Materials
1.2.1 Aluminium Extrusions
Density = 2,710 kg/m3

Modulus of elasticity, E = 70,000 MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 23x10-6 per °C
For Aluminium Alloys (MPa) 6063-T5 6063-T6

Limiting stress for axial, Fa 66 103
Limiting stress for shear, Fv 38 59
Limiting stress for bending, Fb 66 103
(From ADM 2010 alum Manual)
1.2.2 Aluminium sheet AA 5005-H14

Modulus of elasticity, E = 70 GPa
Limiting Stress in bending, Po = 95 MPa
Limiting Stress in tension, Pa = 110 MPa
1.2.3 Steel Sections

Coefficient of thermal expansion = 12x10-6 per °C
Design strength, py = 248 MPa (ASTM A-36)
(NSCP 2010 6th Edition)
1.2.4 Glass
Poisson’s ratio, = 0.22
Allowable surface stress, annealed = 23.3 MPa
Allowable surface stress, heat strengthened = 46.6 MPa
Allowable surface stress, fully tempered = 93.1 MPa
(From ASTM-E1300-02,).

1.3 Deflection Limits
For Aluminium
• Permissible deflection for member normal to wall plane.

➢  all = L/175 or 19 mm whichever is less; L< 4.115m
➢  all = L/240 + 6.35mm; 4.115 < L < 12.20m
For Steel
• Permissible deflection for member normal to wall plane.

➢  all = L/360 mm for horizontal steel framing subjected to full DL and WL
➢  all = L/175 or 19 mm whichever is less; L< 4.115m for vertical steel framing subjected to WL
➢  all = L/240 + 6.35mm; 4.115 < L < 12.20m for vertical steel framing subjected to WL
For Glass
• Permissible centre glass deflection

➢  all = L/90 of the smaller span or 19mm, whichever is less for half design load.
➢  all = 35mm for full design load

1.4 Loadings
1.4.1 Dead Load
➢ All facade components self-weight will be incorporated in the design where appropriate.
1.4.2 Wind Load

➢ Curtain wall and components are subject to short duration wind acting normal to the plane of the
wall.
Design Wind Pressure

Tower kPa
(+)tive wind pressure 2.81
(-)tive wind pressure 2.84

1.5 Design of Wind Load



LHD1= 43.5 m Least horizontal dimension for Shop front and Podium
LHD2= 16.75m Least horizontal dimension for Tower
a1 = 10% LHD1 = 4.35 m (Distance measured from edge to 4.35 m subjected to corner wind pressure)
a2 = 10% LHD2 = 1.675 m (Distance measured from edge to 1.675 m subjected to corner wind pressure)


WIND LOAD:
TYPICAL-2.835 kPA
CORNER-5.042 kPA
WIND LOAD:
TYPICAL-2.63 kPA
CORNER-4.64 kPA
WIND LOAD:
TYPICAL-1.96 kPA
CORNER-3.29 kPA
WIND LOAD:
TYPICAL-1.67 kPA
CORNER-2.69 kPA





Panel is subjected
to typical wind load
W-01
Panel is subjected
W-02

Panel is subjected
W-13
Panel is subjected
W-01

Panel is subjected
W-02
Panel is subjected
W-25

1.5.1 Sample Computation of Wind Load (L35)
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE COMPUTATION
i n accordance wi th NSCP 2010 6th Edi ti on s ecti on 207
Conditions
Exposure Category : Exposure C
Zone Classification : Zone 2
Basic Wind Speed, V : 200 kph
Occupancy Category : Category IV, Standard Occupancy
Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Buildings
General Information
Reference Drawing:
a = 2350 mm panel height
b = 1215 mm panel width
Ae = 2.855 m2 effective wind area
h = 122.55 m mean roof height of the building
z = 112.95 m height from ground level
q = 0  angle of plane of roof from horizontal
Velocity Pressure
z = 113.0 m height from ground level, should not be taken less than 9.0m for
case 1 in exposure B in accordance with NSCP section 207.5.6.6
zg = 275 m NSCP 2010 6th Edition, Table 207-5
a = 9.5 NSCP 2010 6th Edition, Table 207-6
Kz = 1.6666 velocity pressure exposure coefficient, NSCP 2010 section 207.5.6.6
Kh = 1.6955 velocity pressure exposure coefficient, NSCP 2010 section 207.5.6.6
Kzt = 1.0 topographic factor, NSCP 2010 section 207.5.7.2
Kd = 0.85 wind directionality factor, NSCP 2010 table 207-2
V = 200 kph basic wind speed, NSCP 2010 table 207-1
Iw = 1.0 importance factor, NSCP 2010 table 207-3
qh = 2.727 kPa velocity pressure, NSCP 2010 section 207.5.10
qz = 2.6803 kPa velocity pressure, NSCP 2010 section 207.5.10
Internal Pressure Coefficient

Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Buildings
GCpi = +0.18 NSCP 2010 6th Edition, Figure 207-5
GCpi = -0.18 NSCP 2010 6th Edition, Figure 207-5
External Pressure Coefficient

Ae = 2.855 m2 effective wind area
q = 0  angle of plane of roof from horizontal
By Semi-Logarithmic Interpolation
*semi-logarithmic graph is a graph that has a logarithmic scale axis and a linear scale axis.
GCp = [ln(Ae) - ln(a)]/b formula derived from the general formula of a semi-logarithmic graph
where: b = [ln(x 1) - ln(x 2)]/(y 1 - y2)

ln(a) = [-y 2ln(x 1) + y1ln(x 2)]/(y 1 - y2)
x 1 - effective wind area 1, NSCP 2010 Figure 207-17
x 2 - effective wind area 2, NSCP 2010 Figure 207-17
y1 - corresponding GCp for effective wind area 1, NSCP 2010 Figure 207-17
y2 - corresponding GCp for effective wind area 2, NSCP 2010 Figure 207-17
x1 x2 y1 y2 b ln(a)
GCp4(+)&5(+) = 0.862 1.9 46.5 0.9 0.6 -10.659 10.235
GCp4(-) = -0.875 1.9 46.5 -0.9 -0.7 15.988 15.031
GCp5(-) = -1.698 1.9 46.5 -1.8 -1.0 3.997 7.836
Design Wind Pressure for Low-Rise Buildings and Buildings with h > 18m
NSCP 2010 6th Edition Section 207.5.12.4.2
p = (qz*GCp)-(qh*Gcpi)
where: q = qz for windward walls calculated at height z above the ground
qi = qh for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roof of enclosed buildings and for negative internal
pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings
p4(+)&5(+) = +2.801 kPa design positive wind pressure @ interior and end zones
p4(-) = -2.835 kPa design negative wind pressure @ interior zones
p5(-) = -5.042 kPa design negative wind pressure @ end zones
NOTE: 1) Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
2) Corner zone is 10% of least horizontal dimension or 0.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of least horizontal dimension or 0.9m.

1.5.2 Wind Load Tabulation


2 W-01a
2.1 Mullion @ Sliding Door
2.1.1 Reference Elevation PE-101

2.1.2 Reference Detail DE-104

2.1.3 Mullion Section Property
MALE MULLION
Area: 529.1249
Perimeter: 341.4643
Bounding box: X: -13.5437 -- 27.9561
3
4
Y: -33.1573 -- 33.3427
Centroid: X: 0.0000
2 Y: 0.0000
Moments of inertia: X: 313794.7535
5
1
Y: 81973.7803
Product of inertia: XY: 3732.6977
Radii of gyration: X: 24.3525
Y: 12.4468
Principal moments and X-Y directions about centroid:
I: 81913.6933 along [0.0161 0.9999]
J: 313854.8405 along [-0.9999 0.0161]
FEMALE MULLION
5 Area: 479.6134
4
Perimeter: 337.1406
3 Bounding box: X: -14.5254 -- 7.9748
Y: -33.1768 -- 33.3232
2
Centroid: X: 0.0000
1
Y: 0.0000
Y: 23539.1434
Y: 7.0057
I: 23537.2095 along [0.0028 1.0000]
J: 270180.2076 along [-1.0000 0.0028]
SIDE FRAME
Area: 571.5250
Perimeter: 440.5826
Bounding box: X: -20.9616 -- 13.0382
Y: -50.0000 -- 50.0000
Centroid: X: 0.0000
Y: 0.0000
Y: 56776.6523
Product of inertia: XY: -0.0054
Y: 9.9671
I: 56776.6523 along [0.0000 -1.0000]
J: 622758.0924 along [1.0000 0.0000]

TORSION CONSTANT
Definitions
J torsion constant a side dimension for closed shapes
k 1/3 - 0.2(t/b) for b/t < 10 t1 thickness corresponding to "a"
1/3 for b/t ≥ 10 b side dimension for closed shapes
b larger dimension for open shapes t2 thickness corresponding to "b"
t smaller dimension for closed shapes
for open shapes:

J = ( 1/3 - 0.2 t/b ) * bt3 or
J = kbt3
for closed shapes with side dimension a with thickness t 1 and side dimension b with thickness t 2 :
2t2t1 (a - t2) 2 (b- t1)2
J =
t2 (a - t2) + t1 (b- t1)
MALE MULLION
Open Shapes
Section b (mm) t (mm) b/t k J (mm4)
1 21 4 5.25 < 10 0.3 403.2
2 55 3 18.33 > 10 0.33 490.05
3 22.5 4 5.63 < 10 0.3 432
4 22 3 7.33 < 10 0.31 184.14
5 23.5 3 7.83 < 10 0.31 196.7
Total Torsion Constant = 1706.09 mm^4
FEMALE MULLION
Open Shapes
Element b (mm) t (mm) b/t k J (mm4)
1 21 3.5 6 < 10 0.3 270.11
2 19.5 3.5 5.57 < 10 0.3 250.82
3 55 3 18.33 > 10 0.33 490.05
4 19.5 3.5 5.57 < 10 0.3 250.82
5 22.5 4 5.63 < 10 0.3 432
CALCULATION OF WEIGHTS ON PANEL (CRITICAL PANEL)
THE ALCOVES (SLIDING DOOR)

Height = 2350 mm
Tributary Width = 1178 mm
Typical Panel
Items Unit Weight Quantity Weight
Height (m) Width (m)
10mm THK FT. Clear Glass 25 kg/m2 1 2.35 1.178 69.21 kg
Male Mullion 1.43 kg/m 1 2.35 3.36 kg
Female Mullion 1.3 kg/m 1 2.35 3.06 kg
Header Transom 2.18 kg/m 1 1.178 2.57 kg
Side Track 1.54 kg/m 1 2.35 3.62 kg
Sliding Door Frame 1.49 kg/m 1 2.35 3.5 kg
Sub-total 85.32 kg
Total (+50%) = 127.98 kg

= 1255.48 N
= 0.53 N/mm

2.1.4 Mullion Member Forces
This mullion to be analyzed
GL.10
GL.4

DIMENSIONS WL (-) BENDING MOMENT SHEAR LOAD
;WL x Tributary
;2.84 kPa x 1.190 m=
3.378 Kn/M
MAX REACTION
MAX.DEFLECTION
AXIAL
Fx(N)
1200 1200
964
800 800
400 400
6 7
0
500 1000 15001667
400 400
800 800
1200 1200

2.1.5 Mullion Stresses and Deflection
I. SECTION PROPERTIES
Definitions
AF area of female mullion Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
AG gross area of combined section Iy moment of inertia along weak axis
AM area of male mullion J torsional constant
AS area of steel stiffener n modular ratio
cC extreme fiber distance at compression Px stiffness ratio pecentage
side Sx section modulus along strong axis
cT extreme fiber distance at tension side Sy section modulus along weak axis
Eal aluminum modulus of elasticity Pa axial load
ES steel modulus of elasticity
Male and Female Mullion

Area:
2 2
AM = 529.12 mm AF = 479.63 mm
Male Mullion Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 313795 mm cyTM = 33.34 mm
3
SxM = 9465.91 mm cyCM = 33.15 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 81974 mm cxTM = 27.95 mm
3
SyM = 6054.21 mm cxCM = 13.54 mm
Female Mullion Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxF = 270178 mm cyTF = 33.32 mm
3
SxF = 8145.25 mm cyCF = 33.17 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyF = 23539 mm cxTF = 14.52 mm
3
SyF = 2953.45 mm cxCF = 7.97 mm
Side Frame
Area:
2
AM = 571.53 mm
Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 622758 mm cyT = 50 mm
3
SxM = 12455.16 mm cyC = 50 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 56777 mm cxT = 20.96 mm
3
SyM = 4354.064 mm cxC = 13.04 mm
Combined Section Property

2
AG = 1580.28 mm
4
IxT = 1206731 mm ; IxM+IxF+nIxSM+nIxSF
4
IyT = 162290 mm ; IyM+IyF+nIySM+nIySF
4
JM = 1706.09 mm
4
JF = 1693.8 mm
4
JT = 3399.89 mm ; JM+JF
Stiffness Ratio Percentage

PxM = IxM/IxT = 26.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of male mullion along strong axis
PxF = IxF/IxT = 22.39% ; stiffness ratio percentage of female mullion along strong axis
PyM = IyM/IyT = 50.51% ; stiffness ratio percentage of male mullion along weak axis
PyF = IyF/IyT = 14.50% ; stiffness ratio percentage of female mullion along weak axis
II. FORCES AND STRESSES

Definitions
p wind pressure Eal aluminum modulus of elasticity
b1 panel width from left of mullion d depth of mullion subjected to shear
b2 panel width from right of mullion t thickness of mullion subjected to shear
a1 half panel width from left of mullion AV area of mullion subjected to shear
a2 half panel width from right of mullion M moment
b tributary width V shear
Lu unsupported length fa axial stress
Lb unbraced length fb flexural stress
w1 wind load considering right panel fV shear stress
w2 wind load considering left panel Lc cantilevered length

Data
p = 2.84 kPa a1 = 589 mm
b1 = 1178 mm a2 = 595 mm
b2 = 1190 mm w1 = 1.67 N/mm ;WL x Tributary
b = 1184 mm w2 = 1.69 N/mm ;WL x Tributary
Lu = 1473 mm Eal = 70000 MPa
Lb = 1473 mm Es = 205000 MPa
Moment
MWL = 0.912 kN-m ; STAAD Output
MxM = MWL * PxM = 0.23715 kN-m ; moment shared by male mullion on strong axis
MxF = MWL * PxF = 0.20419 kN-m ; moment shared by female mullion on strong axis
fbM (WL) = MxM/SxM = 25.05 MPa ; bending stress of male mullion on strong axis
fbF (WL) = MxF/SxF = 25.07 MPa ; bending stress of female mullion on strong axis
Shear
for shear:
dM = 66.5 mm dF = 66.5 mm
tM = 3 mm tF = 3 mm
2 2
AVM = 199.5 mm AVF = 199.5 mm
VWL = 3.36 kN ; STAAD Output
VyM = VWL * AM/AG = 1.13 kN ; shear shared by male mullion due to wind load
VyF = VWL * AF/AG = 1.02 kN ; shear shared by female mullion due to wind load
fVM (WL) = VyM/AVM = 5.66 MPa ; shear stress of male mullion due to wind load
fVF (WL) = VyF/AVF = 5.11 MPa ; shear stress of female mullion due to wind load
Axial
Pa = 0.964 kN ; STAAD Output
faM = Pa /AM = 1.82 MPa ; axial stress of male mullion

faF = Pa /AF = 2.01 MPa ; axial stress of female mullion
III. ALLOWABLE STRESSES

6063-T6 alloy, Aluminum Design Manual 2010
Definitions
Fb allowable flexural stress Sc section modulus on compression side
FV allowable shear stress b element width
Fa allowable axial stress t element thickness
S slenderness ratio Iy moment of inertia about the weak axis
S1 slenderness ratio at the intersection of the J torsional constant
equations for yielding and inelastic buckling rye effective radius of gyration about the y-axis
S2 slenderness ratio at the intersection of the Cb coefficient that accounts for moment
equations for inelastic buckling and elastic gradient along a beams length
buckling d depth of element
CHECK MALE MULLION

ALLOWABLE FLEXURAL STRESS DUE TO WIND LOAD
Elements in Uniform Tension
ADM 2010 section F.8.1.1
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa
Elements in Flexural Tension

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
Flexural Compression
Open Shapes Lateral-Torsional Buckling Open Shapes Lateral-Torsional Buckling
ADM 2010 section F.2.1 Closed Shapes Lateral-Torsional Buckling

4
Lb = 1473 mm Iy = 81974 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 1706.09 mm
3
Sc = 9465.91 mm d = 66.5 mm
rye = [1/1.7][(Iy d/Sc) [±0.5+[1.25+0.152(J/I y )(Lb/d) 2] 0.5]]0.5 = 20.81 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 70.7833
S1 = -
S2 = 94
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 11.53 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 17.36 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S1 < S < S2

Fb = 11.53 ksi , ADM 2010 section F.8.1.1
= 79.5 MPa
Elements in Uniform Compression

Flat Elements Supported on One Edge Flat Elements Supported on One Edge
ADM 2010 section B.5.4.1 Flat Elements Supported On Both Edges
by inspection, element 4 is the most slender element

b = 15.51 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.17
S1 = 7.3
S2 = 12.6
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.530 S = 16.26 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 155 /S = 29.98 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
Fb = 15.2 ksi , ADM 2010 section B.5.4.1
= 104.8 MPa
Elements in Flexural Compression

Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges
ADM 2010 section B.5.5.1 Flat Elements Supported on Tension Edge, Compression E

b = 54 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.2 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 72.11 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
From the computed flexural stresses, minimum allowable stress governs. Therefore,
Fb (WL) = 11.53 ksi
= 79.5 MPa
CHECKING:
fbM (WL) = 25.1 MPa ; actual stress
Fb (WL) = 79.5 MPa ; allowable stress
Fb (WL) > fbM (WL)

(OK!)
79.5 MPa > 25.1 MPa
fbM (WL) / Fb < 1

Mullion is adequate!
0.32 < 1

ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS DUE TO WIND LOAD
Elements in Shear
Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges
ADM 2010 section G.2

b = 54 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 21.26
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.18 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 85.54 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
FV (WL) = 9.1 ksi , ADM 2010 section G.2
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
fVM (WL) = 5.66 MPa ; actual stress
FV (WL) = 62.7 MPa ; allowable stress
FV (WL) > fVM (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 5.66 MPa
fVM (WL) / FV < 1

0.09 < 1
ALLOWABLE AXIAL STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD

Axial Tension
Axial Tension on Net Effective Area
ADM 2010 section D.2b
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
faM = 1.82 MPa ; actual stress
Fa = 106 MPa ; allowable stress
Fa > faM
(OK!)
106.2 MPa > 1.82 MPa
faM/Fa < 1
0.02 < 1
CHECK FOR INTERACTION VALUE
faM = 1.82 MPa

fbM (y) = 0 MPa ; bending about weak axis does not occur
fbM (WL) = 25.1 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
Fb (WL) = 79.5 MPa
Int. = (faM/Fa )+(fbM (WL)+Fb (WL)) = 0.3322
Int. < 1
MULLION IS ADEQUATE!
0.3322 < 1
CHECK FEMALE MULLION

Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 1473 mm Iy = 23539 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 1693.8 mm
3
Sc = 8145.25 mm d = 66.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 103.079
S1 = -
S2 = 94
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 9.18 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 8.19 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≥ S2
= 56.47 MPa


b = 15.38 mm
t = 3.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 4.39
S1 = 7.3
S2 = 12.6
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.530 S = 16.67 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 155 /S = 35.31 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section B.5.5.1 Flat Elements Supported on Tension Edge, Compression Edge Free

b = 33.5 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 11.16666667
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 26.23 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 116.24 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb (WL) = 8.19 ksi
= 56.47 MPa

CHECKING:
fbF (WL) = 25.1 MPa ; actual stress
Fb (WL) > fbF (WL)

(OK!)
56.47 MPa > 25.1 MPa
fbF (WL) / Fb < 1

0.44 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 33.5 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 11.17
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.81 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 309.89 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
fVF (WL) = 5.11 MPa ; actual stress
FV (WL) > fVF (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 5.11 MPa
fVF (WL) / FV < 1

0.08 < 1

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
faF = 2.01 MPa ; actual stress
Fa > faF
(OK!)
106.2 MPa > 2.01 MPa
faF/Fa < 1
0.02 < 1
faF = 2.01 MPa

fbF (y) = 0 MPa
fbF (WL) = 25.1 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
FB (WL) = 56.5 MPa

Int. = (faF/Fa ) + (fbF (WL)/Fb (WL)) = 0.46
Int. < 1
0.46 < 1
IV. DEFLECTION
Data
w1 = 1.67 N/mm Lu = 1473 mm
w2 = 1.69 N/mm Eal = 70000 MPa
4
a1 = 589 mm IxT = 1206731 mm
4
a2 = 595 mm IyT = 162290 mm
Actual Deflection due to Wind Load

 WL = 2.177 mm ; STAAD Output
Allowable Deflection due to Wind Load

 allow = lesser of 19mm or Lu/175 = 8.42 mm ; for Lu < 4.115m
 allow = Lu/240 + 6.35mm = 12.49 mm ; for 4.115m < Lu < 12.20m
 allow >  WL
OK!
8.42 mm > 2.177 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.26 < 1

2.1.6 Side Frame Stresses and Deflection
IXSF = 622758.09 mm4 ;moment of inertia of side frame along strong axis
IXT = 1206731.12 mm4 ;total moment of inertia along strong axis
PxSF = IXSF/IXT = 51.61% ;stiffness ratio of side frame along strong axis
MWL = 0.912 kN-m ;STAAD OUTPUT
fbM(WL) = MWL*PXSF = 0.471 kN-m ;bending stress of side frame on strong axis
q Max. wind load on panel = 2.84 kPa

L Side Frame Height = 2367 mm
Lb Side Frame Height = 2367 mm
b1 Panel Width left of side frame = 1190 mm
b2 Panel Width right of side frame = 0 mm
Ea Modulus of elasticity Alum = 70000 mPa
Es Modulus of elasticity steel = 205000 mPa
s y Min yield stress = 170.00 Mpa
FS Factor of safety = 1.65
s a Alum Allowowable bending stress = 103.03 Mpa
g a Alum Allowowable shear stress = 59.00 Mpa
s s Steel Allowowable stress = 148.8 Mpa
n Modular Ratio = 2.93
δ all Allowable Def.= (L/175,) = 13.5 mm
a1 half width from left = 595.0 mm

a2 half width from right = 0.0 mm
w1 Dist. Load = 1.69 N/mm
w2 Dist. Load = 0.00 N/mm
Aluminum Mullion Section Properties

4
IX Moment of Inertia = 622758.09 mm
c Extreme fiber distance = 50 mm
Z = Alum Section Modulus = 12455 mm3
BM Bending moment = 0.471 kN-m ;STAAD OUTPUT

σ MAXMax.Bending Stress = 37.8 Mpa OK
Ratios MA / 1.33 s a = 0.28 < 1.0 OK
!Mullion frame is OK!

ASF = 622758.09 mm2 ;area of side frame

AG = 1580.265 mm2 ;gross area
VWL = 3.36 Kn ;STAAD OUTPUT
VxSF = VWL*ASF/AG = 1.215 Kn ;shear shared by side frame due to wind load
AVSF = Dsf/tsf = 300 mm2 ;Shearing area
FVM(WL) = VXSF/AVSF = 4.05 Kn ;shear stress of side frame due to wind load
!Mullion frame is OK!

Shear stress
t alum thickness = 3 mm
h alum Depth = 100 mm
Av Shear Area = 300.00 mm2
V Max.Shear force = 4.05 kN STAAD OUTPUT
gv Max.Shear stress, V / A V = 13.5 mPa < ga OK

2.1.1 Check screw connections
F2 screw 2
WP
Fz
F1 F1
M
F3
screw 1
CHECK FASTENER SCREWS

p = 2.84 kPa design wind pressure
a = 1190 mm glass panel width
b = 2375 mm glass panel length
hef = 10 mm effective thickness of glass panel
E = 72000 MPa glass modulus of elasticity
n = 2 number of screws
e = 32.5 mm distance of Force y from center of bolts
d = 17.5 mm distance between bolts
w = 3.3796 kN/m ;p*a/1000 total force acting along y-axis
Fz = 2268.58 N ;STAAD OUTPUT total force acting along z-axis
M1 = 1784.851 N-m ;w*e 2/2 reaction of each screw from force y
M2 = 36864.425 N-mm ;Fz/2*e reaction of each screw from force y
F1 = 1134.29 N ;Fz/n reaction of each screw from force z
F2 = 2004.5471 N ;(M2-M1)/d reaction of each screw due to moment
V bolt2 = 1985.7093 N ;(F22+F12) 0.5 total reaction of screw 2
V bolt1 = 1985.7093 N ;(F22+F12) 0.5 total reaction of screw 1
Fv = 2198 N allowable shear for grade316 #12 S.Steel screw
RATIO = Factual/Fallow < 1 load capacity ratio
RATIO Fbolt1 = 0.90 < 1 OK!
RATIO Fbolt2 = 0.90 < 1 OK!

2.2 Interlocker


2.2.3 Interlocker Section Property

TORSION CONSTANT
Definitions
for open shapes:

J = ( 1/3 - 0.2 t/b ) * bt3 or
J = kbt3
2t2t1 (a - t2) 2 (b- t1) 2
J =
t2 (a - t2) + t1 (b- t1)
INTERLOCKER 1
Open Shapes
7 19 1.7 11.18 > 10 0.33 30.8
8 12.35 2 6.18 < 10 0.3 29.64
Closed Shapes
Short Side Long Side
Section J (mm4)
a (mm) t1 (mm) b (mm) t2 (mm)
1,2,3,4 29 3 46.3 3 109733.82
5,6 30 3 58 3 161357.93
INTERLOCKER 2
Open Shapes
7 19 1.7 11.18 > 10 0.33 30.8
8 12.35 2 6.18 < 10 0.3 29.64
Closed Shapes
Section J (mm4)
1,2,3,4 29 3 46.3 3 109733.82
5,6 30 3 58 3 161357.93
The Alcoves
Height = 2178 mm
Typical Panel
2
10mm thk. Monolithic glass 25 kg/m 1 2.18 1.178 64.14 kg
Interlocker 1 2.76 kg/m 1 2.18 6.01 kg
Interlocker 2 2.76 kg/m 1 2.18 6.01 kg
Stack Sill 3.54 kg/m 1 1.178 4.17 kg
Stack Head 4.20 kg/m 1 1.178 4.94 kg
Sub-total 85.27 kg
Total (+15%) = 98.0605 kg

= 961.97 N
= 0.44 N/mm

2.2.4 Interlocker Member Forces
This Interlocker to be analyzed
GL.10
GL.4

DIMENSIONS WL (-) BENDING MOMENT SHEAR LOAD
;WL x Tributary
;2.84 kPa x 1.190 m=
3.380 Kn/M
MAX.DEFLECTION MAX REACTION
AXIAL
Fx(N)
1200 1184 1200
800 800
400 400
1 2
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2367
400 400
800 800
1200 1200

2.2.5 Interlocker Stresses and Deflection
Definitions
AF area of interlocker 1 Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
AM area of interlocker 2 J torsional constant
cC Px stiffness ratio pecentage
extreme fiber distance at compression side Sx section modulus along strong axis
INTERLOCKER 1 & 2
Area:
2 2
AM = 986.56 mm AF = 986.56 mm
INTERLOCKER 1 Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 987498.00 mm cyTM = 48.10 mm
3
SxM = 16349.30 mm cyCM = 60.40 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 291140.00 mm cxTM = 30.77 mm
3
SyM = 7423.25 mm cxCM = 39.22 mm
INTERLOCKER 2 Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxF = 987498.00 mm cyTF = 48.10 mm
3
SxF = 16349.30 mm cyCF = 60.40 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyF = 291140.00 mm cxTF = 30.77 mm
3
SyF = 7423.25 mm cxCF = 39.22 mm

2
AG = 1973.12 mm
4
IxT = 1974996.00 mm ; IxM+IxF+nIxSM+nIxSF
4
IyT = 582280.00 mm ; IyM+IyF+nIySM+nIySF
4
JM = 271152.19 mm
4
JF = 271152.19 mm
4
JT = 542304.38 mm ; JM+JF

PxM = IxM/IxT = 50.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of INTERLOCKER 1 along strong axis
PxF = IxF/IxT = 50.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of INTERLOCKER 2 along strong axis
PyM = IyM/IyT = 50.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of INTERLOCKER 1 along weak axis
PyF = IyF/IyT = 50.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of INTERLOCKER 2 along weak axis

Definitions
b1 panel width from left of interlocker d depth of interlocker subjected to shear
b2 panel width from right of interlocker t thickness of interlocker subjected to shear
a1 half panel width from left of interlocker AV area of interlocker subjected to shear
a2 half panel width from right of interlocker M moment
Data
p = 2.84 kPa a1 = 595 mm
b1 = 1190 mm a2 = 595 mm
b2 = 1190 mm w1 = 1.69 N/mm ;WL x Tributary
b = 1190 mm w2 = 1.69 N/mm ;WL x Tributary
Lu = 2367 mm Eal = 70000 MPa
Lb = 2367 mm Es = 205000 MPa

Moment
MxM = MWL * PxM = 1.1835 kN-m ; moment shared by INTERLOCKER 1 on strong axis
MxF = MWL * PxF = 1.1835 kN-m ; moment shared by INTERLOCKER 2 on strong axis
fbM (WL) = MxM/SxM = 72.39 MPa ; bending stress of INTERLOCKER 1 on strong axis
fbF (WL) = MxF/SxF = 72.39 MPa ; bending stress of INTERLOCKER 2 on strong axis
Shear
for shear:
dM = 66.5 mm dF = 66.5 mm
tM = 3 mm tF = 3 mm
2 2
AVM = 199.5 mm AVF = 199.5 mm
VWL = 4 kN ; STAAD Output
VyM = VWL * AM/AG = 2 kN ; shear shared by INTERLOCKER 1 due to wind load

VyF = VWL * AF/AG = 2 kN ; shear shared by INTERLOCKER 2 due to wind load
fVM (WL) = VyM/AVM = 10.03 MPa ; shear stress of INTERLOCKER 1 due to wind load
fVF (WL) = VyF/AVF = 10.03 MPa ; shear stress of INTERLOCKER 2 due to wind load
Axial
Pa = 1.1800 kN ; based on calculation of weights on panel
faM = Pa /AM = 1.2 MPa ; axial stress of INTERLOCKER 1

faF = Pa /AF = 1.2 MPa ; axial stress of INTERLOCKER 2

Definitions
S1 slenderness ratio at the intersection of the equations J torsional constant
for yielding and inelastic buckling rye effective radius of gyration about the y-axis
S2 Cb coefficient that accounts for moment
slenderness ratio at the intersection of the equations
for inelastic buckling and elastic buckling gradient along a beams length
d depth of element
CHECK INTERLOCKER 1
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 2367 mm Iy = 291140 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 271152.19 mm
3
Sc = 16349.3 mm d = 108.5 mm
rye = [1/1.7][(Iy d/Sc) [±0.5+[1.25+0.152(J/Iy )(Lb/d) 2]0.5]]0.5 = 76.63 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 30.8887
S1 = -
S2 = 94

Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 14.45 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 91.18 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 99.63 MPa

Flat Elements Supported On Both Edges Flat Elements Supported on One Edge

b = 37.36 mm
t = 2.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 14.94
S1 = 22.8
S2 = 39
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.170 S = 16.46 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 484 /S = 32.4 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa

by inspection, element 2, 4 is the most slender element

b = 39.3 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 13.1
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.94 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 99.08 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb (WL) = 14.45 ksi
= 99.63 MPa
CHECKING:
Fb (WL) > fbM (WL)

(OK!)
99.63 MPa > 72.39 MPa
fbM (WL) / Fb < 1 INTERLOCKER is

0.73 < 1 adequate!

Elements in Shear


b = 39.3 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 13.1
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.69 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 225.31 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
FV (WL) > fVM (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 10.03 MPa
fVM (WL) / FV < 1

Interlocker is adequate!
0.15987 MPa < 1

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
Fa = 106.18 MPa ; allowable stress
Fa > faM
(OK!)
106.18 MPa > 1.2 MPa
faM/Fa < 1
0.01130 < 1
faM = 1.2 MPa

fbM (WL) = 72.39 MPa
Fa = 106.18 MPa
Fb (WL) = 99.63 MPa
Int. < 1 INTERLOCKER IS

0.7379 < 1 ADEQUATE!

CHECK INTERLOCKER 2
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 2367 mm Iy = 291140 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 271152.19 mm
3
Sc = 16349.3 mm d = 108.5 mm
rye = [1/1.7][(Iyd/Sc)[±0.5+[1.25+0.152(J/Iy)(Lb/d)2]0.5]]0.5 = 76.63 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 30.8887
S1 = -
S2 = 94
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 14.45 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 91.18 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 99.63 MPa


b = 39.3 mm
t = 2.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 15.72
S1 = 22.8
S2 = 39
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.170 S = 16.33 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 484 /S = 30.79 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa

by inspection, element 2, 4 is the most slender element

b = 39.3 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 13.1
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93

Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.94 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 99.08 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb (WL) = 14.45 ksi
= 99.63 MPa
CHECKING:
Fb (WL) > fbF (WL)

(OK!)
99.63 MPa > 72.39 MPa
fbF (WL) / Fb < 1

0.73 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 28 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 9.33
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.92 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 444.18 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
FV (WL) > fVF (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 10.03 MPa
fVF (WL) / FV < 1 INTERLOCKER is

0.1599 < 1 adequate!

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa

CHECKING:
Fa = 106.18 MPa ; allowable stress
Fa > faF
(OK!)
106.18 MPa > 1.2 MPa
faF/Fa < 1
0.0113 MPa < 1
faF = 1.2 MPa

fbF (y) = 0 MPa
fbF (WL) = 72.39 MPa
Fa = 106.18 MPa
FB (WL) = 99.63 MPa
Int. < 1 INTERLOCKER IS

0.74 < 1 ADEQUATE!
IV. DEFLECTION
Data
w1 = 1.69 N/mm Lu = 2367 mm
w2 = 1.69 N/mm Eal = 70000 MPa
4
a1 = 595 mm IxT = 1974996 mm
4
a2 = 595 mm IyT = 582280 mm


 allow >  WL
OK!
11.84 mm > 10.089 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.85 < 1

2.3 Mullion @ Window


MALE MULLION
Area: 529.1249
Perimeter: 341.4643
Bounding box: X: -13.5437 -- 27.9561
3
4
Y: -33.1573 -- 33.3427
Centroid: X: 0.0000
2 Y: 0.0000
5
1
Y: 81973.7803
Y: 12.4468
I: 81913.6933 along [0.0161 0.9999]
J: 313854.8405 along [-0.9999 0.0161]
FEMALE MULLION
5 Area: 479.6134
4
Perimeter: 337.1406
3 Bounding box: X: -14.5254 -- 7.9748
Y: -33.1768 -- 33.3232
2
Centroid: X: 0.0000
1
Y: 0.0000
Y: 23539.1434
Y: 7.0057
I: 23537.2095 along [0.0028 1.0000]
J: 270180.2076 along [-1.0000 0.0028]

TORSION CONSTANT
Definitions
for open shapes:

J = ( 1/3 - 0.2 t/b ) * bt3 or
J = kbt3
2t2t1 (a - t2) 2 (b- t1)2
J =
t2 (a - t2) + t1 (b- t1)
MALE MULLION
Open Shapes
1 21 4 5.25 < 10 0.3 403.2
2 55 3 18.33 > 10 0.33 490.05
3 22.5 4 5.63 < 10 0.3 432
4 22 3 7.33 < 10 0.31 184.14
5 23.5 3 7.83 < 10 0.31 196.7
FEMALE MULLION
Open Shapes
Element b (mm) t (mm) b/t k J (mm4)
1 21 3.5 6 < 10 0.3 270.11
2 19.5 3.5 5.57 < 10 0.3 250.82
3 55 3 18.33 > 10 0.33 490.05
4 19.5 3.5 5.57 < 10 0.3 250.82
5 22.5 4 5.63 < 10 0.3 432
THE ALCOVES (SLIDING DOOR)

Height = 2350 mm
Typical Panel
10mm THK FT. Clear Glass 25 kg/m2 1 2.35 1.178 69.21 kg
Male Mullion 1.43 kg/m 1 2.35 3.36 kg
Female Mullion 1.3 kg/m 1 2.35 3.06 kg
Header Transom 2.18 kg/m 1 1.178 2.57 kg
Side Track 1.54 kg/m 1 2.35 3.62 kg
Sliding Door Frame 1.49 kg/m 1 2.35 3.5 kg
Sub-total 85.32 kg
Total (+50%) = 127.98 kg

= 1255.48 N
= 0.53 N/mm

GL.10
GL.4

DIMENSIONS WL (-) BENDING MOMENT MAX REACTION
…WL x Tributary
;2.84 kPa x 1.190 m=
3.370 Kn/M
SHEAR LOAD MAX.DEFLECTION AXIAL

Definitions
AF area of female mullion Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
AM area of male mullion J torsional constant
Male and Female Mullion

Area:
2 2
AM = 529.12 mm AF = 479.63 mm
Male Mullion Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 313795 mm cyTM = 33.34 mm
3
SxM = 9465.91 mm cyCM = 33.15 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 81974 mm cxTM = 27.95 mm
3
SyM = 6054.21 mm cxCM = 13.54 mm
Female Mullion Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxF = 270178 mm cyTF = 33.32 mm
3
SxF = 8145.25 mm cyCF = 33.17 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyF = 23539 mm cxTF = 14.52 mm
3
SyF = 2953.45 mm cxCF = 7.97 mm

2
AG = 1008.75 mm
4
IxT = 583973 mm ; IxM+IxF+nIxSM+nIxSF
4
IyT = 105513 mm ; IyM+IyF+nIySM+nIySF
4
JM = 1706.09 mm
4
JF = 1693.8 mm
4
JT = 3399.89 mm ; JM+JF

PxM = IxM/IxT = 53.73% ; stiffness ratio percentage of male mullion along strong axis
PxF = IxF/IxT = 46.27% ; stiffness ratio percentage of female mullion along strong axis
PyM = IyM/IyT = 77.69% ; stiffness ratio percentage of male mullion along weak axis
PyF = IyF/IyT = 22.31% ; stiffness ratio percentage of female mullion along weak axis

Definitions
Data
p = 2.84 kPa a1 = 595 mm
b1 = 1190 mm a2 = 595 mm
b2 = 1190 mm w1 = 1.69 N/mm
b = 1190 mm w2 = 1.69 N/mm
Lu = 1473 mm Eal = 70000 MPa
Lb = 1473 mm Es = 205000 MPa

Moment
MxM = MWL * PxM = 0.49113 kN-m ; moment shared by male mullion on strong axis
MxF = MWL * PxF = 0.42287 kN-m ; moment shared by female mullion on strong axis
fbM (WL) = MxM/SxM = 51.88 MPa ; bending stress of male mullion on strong axis
fbF (WL) = MxF/SxF = 51.92 MPa ; bending stress of female mullion on strong axis
Shear
for shear:
dM = 66.5 mm dF = 66.5 mm
tM = 3 mm tF = 3 mm
2 2
AVM = 199.5 mm AVF = 199.5 mm
VyM = VWL * AM/AG = 1.3 kN ; shear shared by male mullion due to wind load
VyF = VWL * AF/AG = 1.18 kN ; shear shared by female mullion due to wind load
fVM (WL) = VyM/AVM = 6.52 MPa ; shear stress of male mullion due to wind load
fVF (WL) = VyF/AVF = 5.91 MPa ; shear stress of female mullion due to wind load
Axial
faM = Pa /AM = 1.56 MPa ; axial stress of male mullion

faF = Pa /AF = 1.72 MPa ; axial stress of female mullion

Definitions
CHECK MALE MULLION

Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 1473 mm Iy = 81974 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 1706.09 mm
3
Sc = 9465.91 mm d = 66.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 70.7833
S1 = -
S2 = 94

Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 11.53 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 17.36 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 79.5 MPa


b = 15.51 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.17
S1 = 7.3
S2 = 12.6
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.530 S = 16.26 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 155 /S = 29.98 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section B.5.5.1 Flat Elements Supported on Tension Edge, Compression Ed

b = 54 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.2 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 72.11 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb (WL) = 11.53 ksi
= 79.5 MPa
CHECKING:
Fb (WL) > fbM (WL)

(OK!)
79.5 MPa > 51.9 MPa
fbM (WL) / Fb < 1

0.65 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 54 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 21.26
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.18 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 85.54 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
FV (WL) > fVM (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 6.52 MPa
fVM (WL) / FV < 1

0.1 < 1

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
Fa > faM
(OK!)
106.2 MPa > 1.56 MPa
faM/Fa < 1
0.01 < 1
faM = 1.56 MPa

fbM (WL) = 51.9 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
Fb (WL) = 79.5 MPa
Int. < 1
0.6673 < 1
CHECK FEMALE MULLION

Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa

4
Lb = 1473 mm Iy = 23539 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 1693.8 mm
3
Sc = 8145.25 mm d = 66.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = Lb/(ry*Cb^0.5) = 103.079
S1 = -
S2 = 94
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.073 S = 9.18 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 86996 /S^2 = 8.19 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≥ S2
= 56.47 MPa


b = 15.38 mm
t = 3.5 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 4.39
S1 = 7.3
S2 = 12.6
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.530 S = 16.67 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 155 /S = 35.31 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa


b = 33.5 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 11.16666667
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 26.23 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 116.24 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb (WL) = 8.19 ksi
= 56.47 MPa
CHECKING:
Fb (WL) > fbF (WL)

(OK!)
56.47 MPa > 51.9 MPa
fbF (WL) / Fb < 1

0.92 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 33.5 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 11.17
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.81 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 309.89 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
FV (WL) > fVF (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 5.91 MPa
fVF (WL) / FV < 1

0.09 < 1

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
Fa > faF
(OK!)
106.2 MPa > 1.72 MPa
faF/Fa < 1
0.02 < 1
faF = 1.72 MPa

fbF (y) = 0 MPa
fbF (WL) = 51.9 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
FB (WL) = 56.5 MPa
Int. < 1
0.94 < 1

IV. DEFLECTION
Data
w1 = 1.69 N/mm Lu = 1473 mm
w2 = 1.69 N/mm Eal = 70000 MPa
4
a1 = 595 mm IxT = 583973 mm
4
a2 = 595 mm IyT = 105513 mm


 allow >  WL
OK!
8.42 mm > 5.102 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.61 < 1

2.4 Design of Operable Window
GL.10
GL.4
Reference detail PE-001


2.4.2 Sash Frame Section Properties

2.4.3 Punch Window Member Reactions
Dimension
WL(-)= -2.84 kPa
Shear due to Dead
Shear due to Wind

Bending due to Dead Load
Bending due to Wind Load
Deflection
Reactions
snubber
hinge
*Hinges carry only DL
lock


2.4.4 Check Stresses
Definitions
AM area of sash frame Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
AS area of steel stiffener J torsional constant
cC n modular ratio
extreme fiber distance at compression side Px stiffness ratio pecentage
cT extreme fiber distance at tension side Sx section modulus along strong axis
Eal aluminum modulus of elasticity Sy section modulus along weak axis
ES steel modulus of elasticity Pa axial load
Sash Frame
Area:
2
AM = 409.7681 mm
Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 160891.2 mm cyT = 24.0589 mm
3
SxM = 4604.64 mm cyC = 34.9411 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 47115.14 mm cxT = 12.3623 mm
3
SyM = 1802.574 mm cxC = 26.1377 mm

2
AG = 409.7681 mm
4
Ix = 160891.2 mm ; IxT+nIyS
4
Iy = 47115.14 mm ; IyT+nIxS
4
JT = 10825.6 mm

PxM = IxT/Ix = 100.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of sash frame on strong axis
PyM = IyT/Iy = 100.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of sash frame on weak axis

Definitions
p wind pressure AV area of sash frame subjected to shear
H Unsupported height of window panel M moment
W width of window panel V shear
Eal aluminum modulus of elasticity fV shear stress
d depth of sash frame subjected to shear
t thickness of sash frame subjected to shear
Data
p = 2.84 kPa Eal = 70000 MPa
H = 360 mm Es = 205000 MPa
W = 1130 mm
Lu = 360 mm
Lb = 225 mm

Moment
MWL = 0.023 kN-m ; STAAD Output ; on strong axis
MxM = MWL * PxM = 0.023 kN-m ; moment shared by sash frame on strong axis
fb (WL) = MxM / SxM = 4.99 MPa ; bending stress of sash frame on strong axis
Shear
dWL = 58 mm
tWL = 2 mm
2
AV (WL) = 116 mm
VxM = VWL * AM/AG = 0.14 kN ; shear shared by sash frame due to wind load
fV (WL) = VyT / AV (WL) = 1.21 MPa ; shear stress of sash frame due to wind load
Axial
PaM = Pa * AM/AG = 0.05 kN ; axial shared by sash frame
faM = PaM/AM = 0.12 MPa ; axial stress of sash frame

Definitions
S1 slenderness ratio at the intersection of the equations J torsional constant
for yielding and inelastic buckling rye effective radius of gyration about the y-axis
S2 Cb coefficient that accounts for moment
slenderness ratio at the intersection of the equations
for inelastic buckling and elastic buckling gradient along a beams length
d depth of element
CHECK SASH FRAME

Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa

Closed Shapes Lateral-Torsional Buckling Open Shapes Lateral-Torsional Buckling
4
Lb = 225 mm Iy = 47115.1 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 10825.6 mm
3
Sc = 4604.64 mm d = 58 mm
2 0.5 0.5
rye = [1/1.7][(Iyd/Sc) [±0.5+[1.25+0.152(J/Iy )(Lb/d) ] ]] = 19.4 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = (2*Lb*Sc)/[Cb*(IyJ)^0.5] = 91.7491
S1 = -
S2 = 2400
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.140 S^0.5 = 15.36 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 23599 /S = 257.21 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 105.91 MPa


b = 17 mm
t = 2 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 8.5
S1 = 7.3
S2 = 12.6
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.530 S = 14.5 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 155 /S = 18.24 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 99.98 MPa


b = 51 mm
t = 2 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 25.5
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93

Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 24.08 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 50.9 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb = 14.5 ksi
= 99.98 MPa
CHECKING: @ 100% LOADING CHECKING: @ 150% LOADING

fb (WL) = 4.99 MPa ; actual stress fb (WL) = 7.49 MPa ; actual stress*1.5
Fb (WL) = 100 MPa ; allowable stress Fb (WL) = 100 MPa ; allowable stress
Fb (WL) > fb (WL) Fb (WL) > fb (WL)

(OK!) (OK!)
99.98 MPa > 4.99 MPa 99.98 MPa > 7.485 MPa
fb (WL) / Fb < 1 fb (WL) / Fb < 1 sash frame is

sash frame is adequate!
0.05 < 1 0.07 < 1 adequate!

Elements in Shear

b = 51 mm
t = 2 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 25.5
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 9.92 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 59.46 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
FV = 9.1 ksi , ADM 2010 section G.2
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING: @ 100% CHECKING: @ 150%

fV (WL) = 1.21 MPa ; actual stress fV (WL) = 1.82 MPa ; actual stress*1.5
FV (WL) = 62.7 MPa ; allowable stress FV (WL) = 62.7 MPa ; allowable stress
FV (WL) > fVx (WL) FV (WL) > fVx (WL)

(OK!) (OK!)
62.74 MPa > 1.21 MPa 62.74 MPa > 1.815 MPa
fV (WL) / FV < 1 fV (WL) / FV < 1 sash frame is

0.02 < 1 0.03 < 1 adequate!

Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING: @ 100% LOADING CHECKING: @ 150% LOADING

faM = 0.12 MPa ; actual stress faM = 0.18 MPa ; actual stress*1.5
Fa = 106 MPa ; allowable stress Fa = 106 MPa ; allowable stress
Fa > faM Fa > faM

(OK!) (OK!)
106.18 MPa > 0.12 MPa 106.18 MPa > 0.18 MPa
faM/Fa < 1 faM/Fa < 1 sash frame is

0.00 < 1 0.00 < 1 adequate!
fa = 0.12 MPa
fb (WL) = 4.99 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
Fb (WL) = 100 MPa
Int. = (fa /Fa ) + (fb (WL)/Fb (WL)) = 0.05
Int. < 1
SASH FRAME IS ADEQUATE!
0.05 < 1
IV. DEFLECTION
Data
p = 3.22 kPa Eal = 70000 MPa
4
H = 1475 mm IxT = 160891 mm
4
W = 708 mm IyT = 47115.1 mm
Lu = 360 mm


CHECKING: @ 100% LOADING

 allow >  WL
OK!
2.06 mm > 0.131 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.06 < 1
CHECKING: @ 150% LOADING

 allow >  WL
OK!
2.06 mm > 0.197 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.1 < 1

2.4.5 Check Sealant Bite at Operable Window
Reference detail DE-102
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR 4-SIDED SILICONE PANEL
DESIGN DATA: Input Data Ref. / Formula

Floor Level, FL = Typical :
Design Wind Pressure p = kPa 2.84
CALCULATE SILICONE GLASS BITE
Glass thickness e = mm 8.00

Ultimate Tensile strength of sealant ssW = kpa 138.00
Smallest Glass dimension w = mm 317.000
Bigger Glass dimension H = mm 1084.00
Sealant Contact width SCW = mm 3.26 : 0.50*( w p) / (s sW )

HENCE;
USE SILICONE SEALANT GLASS BITE 14.00 mm OK

2.4.6 Check Snubber
Snubber
Bar Hinge
Lock
fz

snubber
Check Snubber (Alloy 6063 T-6)

Fb = 137.80 mPa ; Allowable stress 20 ksi ADM 05 sect 3.4.13
tw = 555 mm ; Tributary width , 1110/2
a1 = 277.5 mm ; Tributary width , tw/2
Wp 2.84 kPa
t = 2.00 mm ; Thickness
b = 80.00 mm ; width
LU = 340.00 mm ; Max. Unsupported length
w1 = 1.58 N/mm ; Uniform load, tw Wp
fz = 288.83 N ; STAAD OUTPUT
ey = 5.70 mm ; Point load Vertical distance
M = 2,469.50 Nmm ; Moment, 1.5(ey f)
Z 53.33 mm3 ; b t2/6
fb = 46.30 kN ; M/Z
fb < Fb 46.30 < 137.8 Ok !
Check Screws ( 2- # 8 SS Grade 1,2,3 conditions CW each side)
Fv = 1.29 kN ; Allowable shear load on screws

Ft = 2.50 kN ; Allowable shear load on screws
n = 2 ; No. of screws per snubber
c = 11.10 mm ; Prying reactions locations
T = 0.07 kN ; T= ey fz/c
fv = 0.22 kN ; fz= 1.5fz/n
Ratio = 0.03 kN ; (fv/Fv)2+(T/Ft)2
Ratio = 0.03 < 1.0 Ok !

2.4.7 Check Bar Hinges Capacity
Snubber Bar Hinges
Snubber
*Hinges carry only DL
Bar
Hinges Point Lock
Point Lock
Check Window Accessories (Bar hinges)
p = 2.84 kPa ; Max. wind load

t = 8 mm ; Glass thickness
h1 = 180 mm ; Tributary height of glass
as = 282.5 mm ; Seating block location
aL = 282.5 mm ; Point lock location
3
Fa = 2710 kg/m ; Alum weight
Fy = 64.364 N ;STAAD OUTPUT
Fg = 6.56 kg ; Total weight; Fy/9.81
F = 46.0 kg ;Allowable weight for bar hinges (refer to Appendix D)
Ratio = 0.14 Fg / F ; < 1.0 OK 0.21 ; < 1.0 OK at 150%
h = 360 mm ; Max. panel width

H = 1130 mm ; Allowable Panel Height
Allowable Panel Height, H > h H > h ! OK !

2.4.8 Check Perimeter Frame
Most critical screw
Reference detail DE-102
CHECK FRAME CONNECTION
Fz = 323.51 N :STAAD OUTPUT

V = 485.265 N :actual shear on connection; Fz*1.5
Vallow = 1561.86 N :allowable shear for #10 S.Steel screw
;AAMA TIR-A9-91 Table 11
Ratio = 0.311 V/Vallow

2.4.9 Check Locking Point
Locking Point
Fz
Check for Bending
CHECK LOCKING POINT
Check Bending Stress

p = 2.84 Kpa wind pressure
b = 1130 mm Panel Width carried by locking point
a = 565 mm Tributary width carried by locking point
Fz = 288.83 N Force acting on the locking point ;STAAD OUTPUT
e = 8 mm eccentricity
L = 18 mm length of locking point considered
t = 5 mm thickness of subjected to bending
Sx = 75 mm3 section modulus of part subjected ; Sx =Lt^2/6
M = 2310.64 N-mm Bending moment acting on locking point ;M=Fz*e
Fy = 220 Mpa Yielding stress for grade 316 S. Steel
fb = 30.81 Mpa actual stress on locking point ; fb=M/Sx
Fb = 132 Mpa allowable stress for grade 316 S. Steel ;Fb=0.6Fy
Ratio = 0.233 Utilization ratio ;fb/Fb
< 1 THEREFORE "OK!"

2.5 Header Track
GL.10
GL.4


2.5.2 Check Header Bending Stress
CHECK BENDING STRESS

W = 1190.00 mm tributary width of panel
P = 4143.00 N force acting on cantilevered header element
Le = 400.00 mm effective width
ey = 32.50 mm eccentricity of force P to the most critical bending section
M = 134648 N-mm ;P*ey moment due to eccentric force P
t = 5.00 mm thickness of aluminum glazing clip
3
S = 2500.00 mm ; Le t2/4 plastic modulus cantilevered header element (weak axis)
fb = 53.86 MPa bending stress due to eccentric load P
Fb = 103.00 MPa allowable bending stress 6063-T6 aluminum
Ratio = 0.523 < 1 OK!

2.5.3 Check Fastener
CHECK FASTENER
P = 2.8 kPA ; positive design wind pressure
L = 2300 mm ;unsupported length of largest panel
b1 = 1215 mm ;spacing from left
b2 = 1215 mm ;spacing from right
a1 = 607.5 mm ;width carried by fasteners from left
a2 = 607.5 mm ;width carried by fasteners from right
w1 = 1.70 N/mm ;wind load carried from left
w2 = 1.70 N/mm ;wind load carried from right
e = 59.00 mm ;eccentricity of force Fz
c = 8.00 mm ;prying distance
n = 4 ;number of fasteners
Fz1=Fz2=[w1(L-a1)/2]+[w2(L-a2)/2] Fz= 2878.943 N
T=Fz*e/c/n T= 5308.05 N
Allowable Tension AAMA TIR-A9-91 Table 11 Tallow= 5660 N
Ratio= 0.938 < 1 OK!

2.6 Horizontal Door Track
GL.10
GL.4


2.6.2 Check Horizontal Door Track Bending Stress
CHECK BENDING STRESS

W = 1190.00
720.00 mm tributary width
maximum widthofofpanel
glass panel
P = 2121.00 N ;Fz/2 force acting on cantilevered header element
Le = 400.00 mm effective width
ey = 22.28 mm eccentricity of force P to the most critical bending section
M = 47255.9 N-mm ;(Fz/2)*ey moment due to eccentric force P
t = 3.00 mm thickness of aluminum glazing clip
3
S = 900.00 mm ; Le t2/4 plastic modulus cantilevered header element (weak axis)
fb = 52.51 MPa bending stress due to eccentric load P
Fb = 103.00 MPa allowable bending stress 6063-T6 aluminum
Ratio = 0.510 < 1 OK!

2.6.3 Check Vertical Door Frame Bending Stress
Fz
Check Bending stress alum vertical track ( Alloy 6063-T6)
p = design wind pressure 2.84 kPa

b = tributary width 595 mm ; half panel width @ jamb
w = uniformly distributed load acting on door frame 1.6898 N/mm ; p*b
Lu = unsupported length of door frame 2367 mm
Le = effective length of vertical track under bending stress 1 mm strip ; considering 1mm strip
fz = End reaction due to Wind Load 1.69 N ; w*Le
ex = point load reactions horizontal distance 21.5 mm
t1 = Thickness of Header web resisting bending 2.5 mm
M1 = Bending moment fz*ex 36.33 N-mm
b = Total width of mullion 70.5 mm
L = Effective Length of vertical track, 1 mm ; considering 1mm strip
Z1 = effective sect modulus, L t12 / 6 1.042 mm3
Fb = Bending strength of aluminum plate bracket (6063 T-6) 138 MPa ; ADM Table 2-24 Sect 3.4.13
f b1 = Bending stress, M1/Z1 34.88 MPa
Ratio fb / (Fb) 0.25 < 1.0 OK!

2.7 Glass Load Resistance and Deflection
2.7.1 Sliding Door Glass

t= Glass Thickness - 10mm THK. FT CLEAR GLASS
H= Glass height - 2367 mm
W=Glass width - 1190 mm
p = Wind load - 2.84 kPa @ FULL LOAD
< 10 kPa @ Full Load, Therefore OK!
< 35 mm @ Full Load, Therefore OK!


2.7.1 Window Glass
t= Glass Thickness - 8mm THK. HS TINTED GLASS



2.8 Check Pressure plate
Fz
CHECK PRESSURE PLATE
Check Bending Stress (Considering 1 mm strip)

p = 2.84 Kpa wind pressure
b = 1190 mm Panel Width carried by pressure plate
a = 595 mm Tributary width carried by pressure plate
Fz = 1.6898 N Force acting on the Pressure plate ;Fz=p*1mm*a
e = 12 mm eccentricity
L = 1 mm length of pressure plate considered
t = 1.5 mm thickness of pressure plate
Sx = 0.375 mm3 section modulus of pressure plate ; Sx =Lt^2/6
M = 20.2776 N-mm Bending moment acting on pressure plate;M=Fz*e
fb = 54.0736 Mpa actual stress on pressure plate ; fb=M/Sx
Fb = 138 Mpa allowable stress for 6063-T6
Ratio = 0.392 Utilization ratio ;fb/Fb
< 1 THEREFORE "OK!"
Checking Bearing Stress ADM 2010 sec. J.7
Fz = 1.6898 N Force acting on the Pressure plate
Ftu = 205 MPa ultimate tensile strength of 6063-T6
2
Apb = 1 mm projected bearing area
ꭥ = 1.95 mm Safety factor (ASD building-type structures)
Rn = 272.65 N Nominal Strength for flat surfaces ;Rn=1.33FtuApb
Fallow = 139.82051 N Allowable Bearing strength of 6063-T6 ;Rn/ꭥ
Ratio = 0.0121 Utilization ratio ;Fz/Fallow
< 1 THEREFORE "OK!"

2.1 Check Bolts

2.1.2 Check Top Bolt Stresses
fc T
Fz WP
FIXED PANEL
CHECK BOLT
b = 1190 mm tributary with for loading carried by jamb
w = 3.3796 N/mm uniformly distributed load due to wind pressure
L = 2370 mm total of vertical rack
Fz = 1.675 kN ; STAAD OUTPUT end support/anchor reaction due to wind load
ey = 39 mm eccentricity of force F z
x1 = 30 mm distance from center of bolt to the edge
c = 25.00 mm ; 5/6 * x 1 distance from center of bolt to the prying force
T = 3.92 kN ; 1.5Fze y /c pull out tension due to loadings
V = 2.51 kN ; 1.5Fz shear of bolt due to loadings
See Fischer Calculations for Anchor Bolt Analysis



2.1.3 Check Intermediate Bolt Stresses
CHECK SUPPORT REACTION FOR ANCHOR BOLT ANALYSIS
p design wind pressure 2.84 kPa

Fx force reaction along x-axis 0.06 kN
Fy force reaction along y-axis 0.22 kN
Fz force reaction along z-axis 5.00 kN
support reactions will be subjected to 1.5 factor
T pull out tension due to loadings, T = 1.5F x 0.093 kN
V shear of bolt due to loadings, V = (F y2 + Fz2)0.5 5.005 kN
3 W-34
3.1 Mullion
Area: 890.7221
Perimeter: 623.4321
Bounding box: X: -25.0000 -- 25.0000
Y: -33.0377 -- 33.4623
Centroid: X: 0.0000
Y: 0.0000
Y: 308981.4869
3 Y: 18.6249
2
4 I: 308981.4869 along [0.0000 1.0000]
J: 475374.7104 along [-1.0000 0.0000]
1
Area: 440.0000
Perimeter: 126.0000
Bounding box: X: -4.0000 -- 4.0000
Y: -27.5000 -- 27.5000
Centroid: X: 0.0000
Y: 0.0000
Y: 2346.6667
TORSION CONSTANT
Definitions
for open shapes:
J = ( 1/3 - 0.2 t/b ) * bt3 or
J = kbt3
2t2t1 (a - t2)2 (b- t1)2
J =
t2 (a - t2) + t1 (b- t1)
LINK BRIDGE MULLION

Closed Shapes
Section J (mm4)
1, 2, 3, 4 50 3 66 3 478228.42
THE ALCOVES (W-23)

Height = 2150 mm
Typical Panel
2
8mm THK HS Clear Glass 20 kg/m 1 2.15 2.45 105.35 kg
Mullion 2.41 kg/m 1 2.15 5.18 kg
Transom 2.41 kg/m 1 2.45 5.9 kg
Sub-total 116.43 kg
Total (+50%) = 174.645 kg

= 1713.27 N
= 0.8 N/mm
GL.4 GL.4
GL.4 GL.4
Definitions
AM area of mullion Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
AS area of steel stiffener J torsional constant
cC extreme fiber distance at compression n modular ratio
side Px stiffness ratio pecentage
cT extreme fiber distance at tension side Sx section modulus along strong axis
Eal aluminum modulus of elasticity Sy section modulus along weak axis
ES steel modulus of elasticity Pa axial load
Mullion
Area:
2
AM = 891 mm
Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IxM = 475375 mm cyT = 33.04 mm
3
SxM = 14207.26 mm cyC = 33.46 mm
Weak Axis
4
IyM = 308981 mm cxT = 25 mm
3
SyM = 12359.24 mm cxC = 25 mm
Steel Stiffener
Modular Ratio
Eal = 70000 MPa ES = 205000 MPa
n = 2.928571
Area
2
AS = 800 mm
Section Modulus
Strong Axis
IxS = 221834
4
n*IyS = 649656.7 mm cxT = 27.5 mm
3
SyS = 8066.691 mm cxC = 27.5 mm
Weak Axis
IxS = 4694
4
n*IxS = 13746.71 mm cyT = 4 mm
3
SxS = 1173.5 mm cyC = 4 mm

2
AG = 3233.857 mm
4
Ix = 1125032 mm ; IxT+nIyS
4
Iy = 322727.7 mm ; IyT+nIxS
4
JT = 1471510 mm

PxM = IxT/Ix = 42.25% ; stiffness ratio percentage of mullion on strong axis
PyM = IyT/Iy = 95.74% ; stiffness ratio percentage of mullion on weak axis

Definitions
w2 wind load considering left panel
Data
p = 2.84 kPa a1 = 594 mm
b1 = 1188 mm a2 = 594 mm
b2 = 1188 mm w1 = 1.69 N/mm
b = 1188 mm w2 = 1.69 N/mm
Lu = 2073 mm Eal = 70000 MPa
Lb = 2073 mm Es = 205000 MPa
Moment
MWL = [w1 (3Lu2 -4a 1 2 )/24] + [w2 (3L u2 -4a 2 2 )/24] = 1.6 kN-m
MxM = MWL * PxM = 0.68319 kN-m ; moment shared by mullion on strong axis
fb (WL) = MxM / SxM = 48.09 MPa ; bending stress of mullion on strong axis
Shear
dWL = 66.5 mm
tWL = 3 mm
2
AV (WL) = 199.5 mm
VWL = [w1 (Lu-a 1 )/2] + [w2 (Lu-a2 )/2] = 2.5 kN
VxM = VWL * AM/AG = 0.69 kN ; shear shared by mullion due to wind load
fV (WL) = VyT / AV (WL) = 3.46 MPa ; shear stress of mullion due to wind load
Axial
Pa = 1.71 kN ; based on calculation of weights on panel
PaM = Pa * AM/AG = 0.47 kN ; axial shared by mullion
faM = PaM/AM = 0.53 MPa ; axial stress of mullion

Definitions
CHECK MULLION
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 2073 mm Iy = 308981 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 1471510 mm
3
Sc = 14207.26 mm d = 110 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = (2*Lb*Sc)/[Cb*(IyJ)^0.5] = 87.3559
S1 = -
S2 = 2400
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.140 S^0.5 = 15.39 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 23599 /S = 270.15 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 106.11 MPa

b = 15.5 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.17
S1 = 22.8
S2 = 39
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.170 S = 18.12 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 484 /S = 93.62 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa


b = 56 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18.66666667
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.1 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 69.54 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa
CHECKING:
fb (WL) = 48.1 MPa ; actual stress
Fb (WL) = 105 MPa ; allowable stress
Fb (WL) > fb (WL)

(OK!)
104.8 MPa > 48.1 MPa
fb (WL) / Fb < 1
0.46 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 56 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18.67
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.34 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 110.92 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
fV (WL) = 3.46 MPa ; actual stress
FV (WL) > fVx (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 3.46 MPa
fV (WL) / FV < 1
0.06 < 1
Axial Tension
Fa = 15.4 ksi
= 106.18 MPa
CHECKING:
Fa > faM
(OK!)
106.2 MPa > 0.53 MPa
faM/Fa < 1
0.00 < 1
fa = 0.53 MPa
fb (WL) = 48.1 MPa
Fa = 106 MPa
Fb (WL) = 105 MPa
Int. = (fa /Fa ) + (fb (WL)/Fb (WL)) = 0.46
Int. < 1
0.46 < 1
IV. DEFLECTION
Data
w1 = 1.69 N/mm Lu = 2073 mm
w2 = 1.69 N/mm Eal = 70000 MPa
4
a1 = 594 mm IxT = 1125032 mm
4
a2 = 594 mm IyT = 322728 mm

[(w 1Lu4)/(1920EalIxT)][25-40(a1/Lu) 2+16(a1/Lu) 4] +
 WL = = 9.01 mm
[(w 2Lu4)/(1920EalIxT)][25-40(a2/Lu) 2+16(a2/Lu) 4]

 allow = Lu/175 = 10.37 mm ; for Lu < 4.115m
 allow >  WL
OK!
10.37 mm > 9.01 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.87 < 1
3.2 Transom
3.2.3 Section Property
3
1
Area: 890.7221
Perimeter: 623.4321
Bounding box: X: -33.0377 -- 33.4623
Y: -24.9999 -- 25.0001
Centroid: X: 0.0000
Y: 0.0000
Y: 475374.7104
Product of inertia: XY: -0.2245
Y: 23.1019
I: 308981.4869 along [1.0000 0.0000]
J: 475374.7104 along [0.0000 1.0000]
TORSION CONSTANT
Definitions
for open shapes:
J = ( 1/3 - 0.2 t/b ) * bt3 or
J = kbt3
2t2t1 (a - t2)2 (b- t1)2
J =
t2 (a - t2) + t1 (b- t1)
LINK BRIDGE MULLION

Closed Shapes
Section J (mm4)
1, 2, 3, 4 50 3 66 3 478228.42
3.2.4 Member Forces and Reaction
Most critical transom
GL.4 GL.4
GL.4 GL.4
3.2.5 Aluminum Transom Analysis
Definitions
AT area of transom Ix moment of inertia along strong axis
J torsional constant
Transom
Area:
2
AT = 891 mm
Section Modulus
Strong Axis
4
IyT = 475375 mm cxT = 33.03 mm
3
SyT = 14207.26 mm cxC = 33.46 mm
Weak Axis
4
IxT = 308981 mm cyT = 25 mm
3
SxT = 12359.24 mm cyC = 25 mm
Combined Section Property (Transom and Stiffener)

2
AG = 891 mm
4
Iy = 475375 mm ; IyT+nIyS
4
Ix = 308981 mm ; IxT+nIxS
4
JT = 478229 mm

PyT = IyT/Iy = 100.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of transom due to Wind Load
PxT = IxT/Ix = 100.00% ; stiffness ratio percentage of transom due to Dead Load

Definitions
h1 panel height above transom d depth of transom subjected to shear
h2 panel height below transom t thickness of transom subjected to shear
a1 half panel height below transom AV area of transom subjected to shear
a2 half panel height above transom M moment
h tributary height V shear
w1 wind load considering bottom panel fV shear stress
w2 wind load considering above panel ex setting block location
Data
p = 2.84 kPa a1 = 464 mm
h1 = 928 mm a2 = 350 mm
h2 = 700 mm w1 = 1.32 N/mm
h = 814 mm w2 = 0.99 N/mm
Lu = 1188 mm Eal = 70000 MPa
Lb = 1188 mm Es = 205000 MPa
ex = 297 mm ; L/4 of module width
P = 108.151 N ; weigth of glass on the biggest panel/2
Moment
MWL = [w1 (3Lu2 -4a1 2 )/24] + [w2 (3Lu2 -4a2 2 )/24] = 0.340 kN-m
MxT = MDL * PxT = 0.34 kN-m ; moment shared by transom due to dead load
MyT = MWL * PyT = 0.34 kN-m ; moment shared by transom due to wind load
fb (DL) = MxT / SxT = 27.51 MPa ; bending stress of transom due to dead load
fb (WL) = MyT / SyT = 23.93 MPa ; bending stress of transom due to wind load
Shear
dDL = 50 mm dWL = 66.5 mm
tDL = 3 mm tWL = 3 mm
2 2
AV (DL) = 300 mm AV (WL) = 399 mm
VDL = P = 0.108 kN
VWL = [w2(Lu-a2)/2] + [w2 (Lu-a2 )/2] = 0.83 kN
VxT = VDL * AT/AG = 0.11 kN ; shear shared by transom due to dead load
VyT = VWL * AT/AG = 0.83 kN ; shear shared by transom due to wind load
fV (DL) = VxT / AV (DL) = 0.37 MPa ; shear stress of transom due to dead load
fV (WL) = VyT / AV (WL) = 2.08 MPa ; shear stress of transom due to wind load

Definitions
CHECK TRANSOM
ALLOWABLE FLEXURAL STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
135.83 MPa
Lb = 1188 mm Iy = 475375 mm4

Cb = 1 J = 478229 mm4
3
Sc = 12359.24 mm d = 50 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = (2*Lb*Sc)/[Cb*(Iy*J)^0.5] = 61.59
S1 = -
S2 = 2400
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.140 S^0.5 = 15.6 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 23599 /S = 383.17 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

107.56 MPa

b = 56 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18.66666667
S1 = 22.8
S2 = 39
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.170 S = 15.83 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 484 /S = 25.93 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
104.8 MPa


b = 15.6 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.2
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 27.12 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 249.62 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
Fb (DL) = 19.7 ksi , ADM 2010 section B.5.5.1
135.83 MPa
Fb (DL) = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa
CHECKING:
fb (DL) = 27.5 MPa ; actual stress
Fb (DL) = 105 MPa ; allowable stress
Fb (DL) > fb (DL)

(OK!)
104.8 MPa > 27.5 MPa
fb (DL) / Fb < 1
Transom is adequate!
0.26 < 1
ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD

Elements in Shear

b = 15.6 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.20
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 11.18 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 1429.92 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
fV (DL) = 0.37 MPa ; actual stress
FV (DL) = 62.7 MPa ; allowable stress
FV (DL) > fV (DL)

(OK!)
62.74 > 0.37MPa
fV (DL) / FV < 1
0.0059 < 1
CHECK TRANSOM
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa

ADM 2010 section F.8.1.2, F.4.1
Fb = 19.7 ksi
= 135.83 MPa
4
Lb = 1188 mm Iy = 308981 mm
4
Cb = 1 J = 478229 mm
3
Sc = 14207.26 mm d = 66 mm
rye = [1/1.7][(Iy d/Sc) [±0.5+[1.25+0.152(J/I y )(Lb/d) 2]0.5]]0.5 = 67.97 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = (2*Lb*Sc)/[Cb*(IyJ)^0.5] = 87.8159
S1 = -
S2 = 2400
Allowable Stresses
Fb = - = - ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 16.7 - 0.140 S^0.5 = 15.39 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 23599 /S = 268.73 ksi ;if S ≥ S2

= 106.11 MPa


b = 15.6 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 5.2
S1 = 22.8
S2 = 39
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 15.2 = 15.2 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 19.0 - 0.170 S = 18.12 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 484 /S = 93.08 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 104.8 MPa

b = 56 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18.66666667
S1 = 54.9
S2 = 93
Allowable Stresses
Fb = 19.7 = 19.7 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
Fb = 27.9 - 0.150 S = 25.1 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
Fb = 1298 /S = 69.54 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 135.83 MPa
Fb = 15.2 ksi
= 104.8 MPa
CHECKING:
fb (WL) = 23.9 MPa ; actual stress
Fb (WL) = 105 MPa ; allowable stress
Fb (WL) > fb (WL)

(OK!)
104.8 MPa > 23.9 MPa
fb (WL) / Fb < 1
0.23 < 1

Elements in Shear

b = 56 mm
t = 3 mm
Slenderness Limit
S = b/t = 18.67
S1 = 38.7
S2 = 76
Allowable Stresses
FV = 9.1 = 9.1 ksi ;if S ≤ S1
FV = 11.5 - 0.062 S = 10.34 ksi ;if S1 < S < S2
FV = 38665 /S^2 = 110.92 ksi ;if S ≥ S2
therefore, S ≤ S1
= 62.74 MPa
CHECKING:
fV (WL) = 2.08 MPa ; actual stress
FV (WL) > fVx (WL)

(OK!)
62.74 MPa > 2.08 MPa
fV (WL) / FV < 1
0.03 < 1
fb (DL) = 27.5 MPa
fb (WL) = 23.9 MPa
Fb (DL) = 105 MPa
Fb (WL) = 105 MPa
Int. = (fbxM/Fbx)+(fbyM+Fby) = 0.49
Int. < 1 TRANSOM IS

0.49 < 1 ADEQUATE!
IV. DEFLECTION
Data
w1 = 1.32 N/mm Lu = 1188 mm
w2 = 0.99 N/mm Eal = 70000 MPa
4
a1 = 464 mm IyT = 475375 mm
4
a2 = 350 mm IxT = 308981 mm
P = 108.151 N ex = 297 mm
Actual Deflection due to Dead Load

 DL = Pe x(3L2-4e x2)/24EIxT = 0.24 mm
Allowable Deflection due to Dead Load

 allow = lesser of 19 mm or L u/175 = 6.79 mm ; for Lu < 4.115m
 allow >  DL
OK!
6.79 mm > 0.24 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.04 < 1

[(w 1Lu4)/(1920EalIxF )][25-40(a1/Lu) 2+16(a1/Lu) 4] +
 WL = = 2.25 mm
[(w 2Lu4)/(1920EalIxF )][25-40(a2/Lu) 2+16(a2/Lu) 4]

 allow >  WL
OK!
5.94 mm > 2.25 mm
 WL /  allow < 1
0.38 < 1
3.3 Gla ss Load Resistance and Deflection
3.3.1 Window Glass

t= Glass Thickness - 8mm THK. HS TINTED GLASS

3.4 Check Sealant Bite
WP
DESIGN DATA: Input Data Ref. / Formul a

Fl oor Level , FL = Shop Front :
Design Wind Pressure at 100% loading p = kPa 2.84
CALCULATE SILICONE GLASS BITE
Gl as s thi cknes s t = mm 8.00

Des i gn s trength of s eal ant s sW = kPa 138.00 ; GE SSG 4400
Smal l er Gl as s di mens i on w = mm 928
Bi gger Gl as s di mens i on L = mm 1188
Seal ant Gl as s bi te requi red SGB = mm 9.55 : (0.50 w p) / ( s sW )

Say = mm 10.00
HENCE;
USE SILICONE SEALANT GLASS BITE = mm 10.00 !OK!>SGB
3.5 Check Bolts
3.5.2 Check Top Bolt Stresses
fc T
Fz WP
SUPPORT REACTIONS
P = 2.84 kPA ;design wind pressure
L = 2073 mm ;unsupported length of mullion
b1 = 1188 mm ;panel width from left
b2 = 1188 mm ;panel width from right
FIXED PANEL
a1 = 594 mm ;half panel width

a2 = 594 mm ;half panel width
w1 = 1.69 N/mm ;wind load due to left panel
w2 = 1.69 N/mm ;wind load due to right panel
Fz1=Fz2=[w1(L-a1)/2]+[w2(L-a2)/2] Fz1=Fz2= 2495.014 N
Total DL carried by mullion Fy= 0
CHECK BOLT
b = 1190 mm tributary with for loading carried by jamb
w = 3.3796 N/mm uniformly distributed load due to wind pressure
L = 2370 mm total of vertical rack
Fz = 2.495 kN end support/anchor reaction due to wind load
ey = 39 mm eccentricity of force F z
c = 25.00 mm ; 5/6 * x 1 distance from center of bolt to the prying force
T = 5.84 kN ; 1.5Fze y /c pull out tension due to loadings
V = 3.74 kN ; 1.5Fz shear of bolt due to loadings
See Fischer Calculations for Anchor Bolt Analysis
APPENDIX
A. Excerpts from ASTM-E1300-02
B. Excerpts from ASCE-7-05
C. Excerpts from AAMA-TIR-A9-91
D. WINDOW HARDWARE DATA
E. MULLION STAAD FILE
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 01-Feb-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT MMS NEWTON
JOINT COORDINATES
4 300.001 0 0; 5 300.001 200 0; 6 300.001 700.001 0; 7 300.001 2367 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 4 5; 4 5 6; 5 6 7;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
E 68947.3
POISSON 0.33
DENSITY 2.66017e-005
ALPHA 1.3e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 TO 5 PRIS AX 1580.27 IY 1.20673e+006 YD 50 ZD 66.5
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL ALUMINUM ALL
SUPPORTS
7 ENFORCED BUT FY MX MY MZ
5 6 ENFORCED BUT MX MY MZ
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL
SELFWEIGHT Y -1.15 LIST ALL
MEMBER LOAD
3 TO 5 UNI GY -0.53
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL +
MEMBER LOAD
3 TO 5 UNI GZ -3.378
LOAD COMB 3 DL + WL
1 1.0 2 1.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
F. INTERLOCKER STAAD FILE
STAAD SPACE
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT MMS NEWTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 2367 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2;
ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
E 68947.3
POISSON 0.33
ALPHA 1.3e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY
1 PRIS AX 1973.14 IY 1.975e+006 IZ 582280 YD 70 ZD 204.5
CONSTANTS
SUPPORTS
1 ENFORCED BUT MX MY MZ
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -0.44
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GZ 3.38
LOAD COMB 3 DL + WL
1 1.0 2 1.0
FINISH
G. MULLION @ WINDOW STAAD FILE
STAAD SPACE
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT MMS NEWTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 1473 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2;
ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
E 68947.3
POISSON 0.33
ALPHA 1.3e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY
1 PRIS AX 1088.74 IY 583973 YD 50 ZD 66.5
CONSTANTS
SUPPORTS
1 ENFORCED BUT MX MY MZ
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -0.53
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GZ -3.37
LOAD COMB 3 DL + WL
1 1.0 2 1.0
FINISH
H. PUNCH WINDOW STAAD FILE
STAAD SPACE
ENGINEER DATE 14-Dec-17
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT MMS NEWTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 1130 0 0; 3 0 360 0; 4 1130 360 0; 5 282.5 360 0; 6 847.5 360 0;
8 282.5 0 0; 9 847.5 0 0; 10 0 270 0; 11 1130 270 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 8; 2 1 10; 3 2 11; 4 3 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 4; 9 9 2; 10 8 9; 11 10 3; 12 11 4;
START GROUP DEFINITION
JOINT
FLOOR
_SASH 1 TO 6 9 TO 12
END GROUP DEFINITION
ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
E 68947.6
POISSON 0.33
ALPHA 2.3e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 4 TO 6 9 10 PRIS AX 409.79 IY 47132 IZ 160985 YD 38 ZD 58
2 3 11 12 PRIS AX 409.79 IY 160985 IZ 47132 YD 38 ZD 58
CONSTANTS
SUPPORTS
5 6 8 9 ENFORCED BUT FX FY MX MY MZ
10 11 ENFORCED BUT FX FZ MX MY MZ
JOINT LOAD
8 9 FY -40
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL (-)
FLOOR LOAD
_SASH FLOAD -0.00284 GZ
LOAD COMB 3 DL + WL
1 1.0 2 1.0
FINISH
I. Excerpts from External Façade Systems Specifications

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WALL VISION CORPORATION

The Ultimate strength Design data;

1. Fty= Tensile and compressive yield strength= 170 Mpa

The Design analysis considering allowable stress design (ASD)

1. Fb= Design Bending strength = 103 Mpa

3. Fixing bolts allowable shear stress = 0.40/(3)0.50*Fu

The Alcoves - Structural Calculations for Tower CW systems --22/02/2018 3 / 159

The Alcoves - Structural Calculations for Tower CW systems --22/02/2018 4 / 159

The Alcoves - Structural Calculations for Tower CW systems --22/02/2018 5 / 159

1.1 Standards and Softwares

1.2.1 Aluminium Extrusions

Density = 2,710 kg/m3

For Aluminium Alloys (MPa) 6063-T5 6063-T6

(From ADM 2010 alum Manual)

1.2.2 Aluminium sheet AA 5005-H14

Density = 2,710 kg/m3

1.2.3 Steel Sections

Density = 7,800 kg/m3

(NSCP 2010 6th Edition)

The Alcoves - Structural Calculations for Tower CW systems --22/02/2018 6 / 159

• Permissible deflection for member normal to wall plane.

• Permissible deflection for member normal to wall plane.

• Permissible centre glass deflection

1.4.1 Dead Load

1.4.2 Wind Load

Design Wind Pressure

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Internal Pressure Coefficient

External Pressure Coefficient

where: b = [ln(x 1) - ln(x 2)]/(y 1 - y2)

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2.1 Mullion @ Sliding Door

2.1.1 Reference Elevation PE-101

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for open shapes:

Total Torsion Constant = 1706.09 mm^4

Total Torsion Constant = 1693.8 mm^4

CALCULATION OF WEIGHTS ON PANEL (CRITICAL PANEL)

THE ALCOVES (SLIDING DOOR)

Total (+50%) = 127.98 kg

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This mullion to be analyzed

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