VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka

A Mini-Project
Report

on

“RAIN DETECTION USING ARDUINO”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

For the Academic Year 2021-22
Submitted By

PRAJWAL B R 4AD19EC054

PRASHANTH L 4AD19EC056

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. HARSHITHA N

Assistant professor

Department of ECE

13th Kilometer, Mysore – Kanakapura – Bangalore Road,

Mysore – 570 028, Karnataka

Phone: +91-821-25 93 335

 ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru
13th Kilometer, Mysuru – Kanakapura – Bangalore Road,
Mysuru – 570 028

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “RAIN DETECTION USING
ARDUINO” carried out by PRAJWAL B R [4AD19EC054] and
P R A S H A N T H L [ 4 A D 1 9 E C 0 5 6 ] students of ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru
in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering, of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-22. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated
in the Report deposited in the departmental library.

The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Name & Signature Name & Signature

Guide HOD

Mini-Project Review
Name of the Examiners Signature with date
1.
2.
 DEPARTMENT VISION AND MISSION

Vision

To develop highly skilled and globally competent professionals in the field of

Electronics and Communication Engineering to meet industrial and social
requirements with ethical responsibility.

Mission

• To provide State-of-art technical education in Electronics and

Communication at undergraduate and post-graduate levels, to meet the
needs of the profession and society and achieve excellence in teaching-
learning and research.

• To develop talented and committed human resource, by providing an

opportunity for innovation, creativity and entrepreneurial leadership with
high standards of professional ethics, transparency and accountability.

• To function collaboratively with technical Institutes/Universities/Industries,

offer opportunities for interaction among faculty-students and promote
networking with alumni, industries and other stake-holders.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

At the end of Graduation the student will be able,
• To have the capability to understand and adopt the technological
advancements with the usage of modern tool to analyze and design
embedded system or processes for variety of applications.

• To work effectively in a group as an independent visionary, team member

and leader having the ability to understand the requirement and develop
feasible solutions to emerge as potential core or electronic engineer.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible and under whose constant
guidance and encouragement the task was completed. We would like to express our immense
gratitude to Dr. L Basavaraj, Principal, ATMECE, Mysuru for his timely help and
inspiration during the tenure of the course.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to Dr. Mahesh P K, Professor and Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for his timely
co-operation while carrying the project work. His friendliness made us learn more.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to the mini project guides Mrs.
Harshitha N, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for their guidance, encouragement and suggestions that
helped us a lot in completion of the mini-project.

We also extend our sincere thanks to the mini project coordinators Dr. Prathibha M K and
Mr. Girish M, and all the faculty members, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru who have encouraged us throughout the course.

Last but not the least, we express our heartfelt gratitude to Almighty, our parents for
their love and blessings that helped us complete the mini project work successfully.
 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview 07

1.2 Existing System 08

1.3 Objective of the Project 08

BACKGROUND WORK
Chapter 2
2.1 Survey Papers 09

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3
3.1 Block Diagram/Circuit diagram, 12
Operation & Flow chart

3.2 Hardware & Software Components 13

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter 4
4.1 Results 18

4.2 Applications 18

4.3 Advantages 18

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

REFERENCES

APPENDIX
 RAIN DETECTION
USING ARDUINO

ABSTRACT

This work focuses on using rain sensors to activate protectors using

the agricultural sector as a case study. The intent of this work is to use rain
sensor as a protector for valuable items that are rains sensitive to reduce
over employment especially in the agricultural sector of the Nigerian
economy. Thereby saving cost of labour to the employers and saving time
and energy. The objective was to use original components and equipment in
the construction, the programming language was also put into consideration.
During the construction process, the rain sensor circuit was tested on a
bread board before it was transferred to the Vero board and lastly the rain
sensor was constructed. This was to get rid of excess cost resulting from
errors in the implementation of the circuit design. The implementation
procedur adopted in this work was first designing the circuit with the use of
Proteus. The second step was to implement the circuit on a breadboard. The
third step was to implement the circuit on a Vero board, test and run. Then
extensive ranges of test were performed to determine the reliability and
functionality of the device for 10 days. This achieved desired results in the
time it takes the protector to respond to the signal produced from the output
of the sensor. Possible recommendations were highlighted aimed at
improving it the more. The possible recommendations pointe out were the
implementation of usage of the device to areas of the economy whether
domestically, commercially or industrially, and the future researchers should
follow up with a microcontroller like PIC or ARDUINO which has internal
EEPROM and the more advance EEPROM technology/ data logger. This
design can be controlled by a simple incorporation of a voltage or current
control machine/ induction system. And with the EEPROM, the operational
settings of this dryer controller and its logged data can then be permanently
stored on non-volatile registers/ ROM that preserve the logged data/ settings
even when battery has being removed.

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
In The main idea of the project is to detect the rain fall using the rain sensor and it
Alerts the person to make some arrangements as in agriculture or in households to Harvest the
rain water and use it for later purposes. When the rain falls on the sensor It automatically triggers
the buzzer and warns the person. As water is the main thing In human life we must try to save it
and use for future purposes. Water is the most precious in our life for living so we must conserve
water. Rain sensor can be made ata low cost and used in wide variety of area like in automobiles
as it rains the wind shield wipers automatically switch on in the vehicle, uses in agriculture
irrigation as the sensor detects rain it automatically stops the automatic irrigation system in the
agriculture, used in household purposes to harvest the rain water and increase the underground
water levels for using in future instead of flowing it into drainages.

1.1 Overview

Mankind has always harnessed the elements of nature for different purposes. Water
for irrigation and Electricity generation (Hydro Electric Power),wind for wind mill used for
many applications ranging from turning turbines that genre-ate electricity, to quarry for
crushing stones, sun for drying, heating and cooking especially when brought to focus.

From time immemorial humans used the sun to dry many things, a process known
as sun drying. Sun drying is carried out in the farm, home, industry, laboratory, hospitals
and other institution for a number of reasons. These reasons range from totally driving out
water molecules from the things being dried, outright drying, like clothes, some farm
produce, during building work, and in sculpture to exposing certain electronic
materials/components directly to the sun so that the ultra- violet rays from the sun can
cause some changes in the component, and in pharmaceutical/chemical industries where
certain plants used for pharmaceutical purpose/chemicals are exposed to direct sunlight for
a little while to cause some chemical changes in them and even at home sometimes when
we open our windows to allow the sun rays to fall into our rooms to eliminate dampness,
and allows for proper aeration.

When rain falls, it will cause a setback to all the reasons for sun-drying enumerated
above, especially when the materials being sun dried are not retrieved quickly. Thus,
designing and constructing a device which gives one a heads-up the instant it starts to rain

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 RAIN DETECTION
USING
hopefully giving you time to retrieve the ARDUINO
materials being sun dried, close your windows,
and bring in possession is not only apropos but also absolutely imperative. Also, since it
can rain at any time without any warning, clothes in a clothes line outside the house that
are almost dry may get wet if we do not realize it is raining on time

1.2 Existing System

One of the most common traffic violations that drivers and riders commit is
crossing the stop line or neglecting the zebra line when the traffic light shows red.
Bikers and four-wheeler drivers rampantly try to pass the signal even when the
red traffic light is on. This creates a lot of problem for the people who are trying to
cross the road on foot. The all-new Motor Vehicles Act came into effect on 1st
September 2019. The latest version of the laws has several new penalties
introduced along with the increment in the existing fines. The revamped bill is
presented with the motive of making Indian roads safer for riders, drivers, and
pedestrians.

1.3 Objective of the Project

The objectives of our project are:

The aim of this project is to use rain sensor as a protector for valuable items that
are rains sensitive.

In order to achieve the aim of this project, the actual components were used, the
programming language was also put into consideration, during the construction process,
the rain sensor circuit was tested on a bread board before it was transferred to the Vero
board and lastly the rain sensor was constructed.

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Chapter 2
BACKGROUND WORK
The idea of collecting rain water has been around thousands of years. Archeologists have
found that the rain water harvesting system was being used in the Negev desert 4000 years ago.
In ancient Rome villa shad their own individual cisterns and the rain water was collected from
paved courtyards which made them less reliant on the supply fed by the municipality. Today
around the world rain water harvesting is enjoying renaissance and systems are being
extensively installed for domestic, commercial and industrial use.

Rain water is ideal for washing machines; on average people use 20litres a day for washing
clothes. The advantage is that the soft rain water allows the use of natural soaps and biological
washing powders, which are much more gentle on clothes than standard detergents. Rain water
can also used for washing and other cleaning tasks around the home.

2.1 Survey Papers

[1] Edward B. Panganiban: Flood is regarded as a chaotic natural disaster that threatens
people's lives and properties. Flood warning and rainfall measuring systems dealing with
different processes and multiple methodologies, providing data and information to maintain
flood warning transportation and alternatives to crises for people around the world. To provide
comparatively accurate and reliable flood prediction, prediction models are essential to be
propelled by data input and further controlled by historical data and real-time observations are
processed through the various algorithms. Flood prediction techniques traditionally include the
use of rain gage for rainfall measurement and a simple flood warning system circuit. Emerging
flood warning systems technologies and development have the potential to provide alternative
solutions to allow timely and reliable flood calculations. It has shown a growing interest in
investigating the use of more technological methods to anticipate floods through this. This paper
reviews, therefore, from traditional flood forecasting to recent progress with the integration of
emerging technologies for a more reliable and accurate flood warning system. This paper
discussed patented flood warning systems, rainfall measuring systems, and published papers on
flood warning systems. The result ended up with an idea that will be proposed for better
accuracy and timely applications.
[2] An Automatic Sliding Door Using Infrared Sensor: In this research work, an Automatic
sliding door System using an infrared sensor was developed. It uses a sensor, a control unit &
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 RAIN DETECTION
USING
drive unit to open and close doors at theARDUINO
entrance of a public building. The primary aim of this
research work is to learn in details about how the automatic door system works and to
understand the concepts involved. The secondary aim is to fabricate a simple circuit model to
show how the system works. The main activities involved in this work are the research done on
how the automatic door works, sketching a detailed circuit & then fabricating a simple model.
[3] An Automatic Protection of Clothes from Rain: This system protects clothes in rainy weather
automatically. The controllers used are 8051 IC and a driven ULN 2803 is used to control relay
for switching between drivers. Sensing system is implemented using LDR with 555 timers. The
sensing system is fixed on roof and tray is fixed just below the roof. Tray is controlled by driver
circuit via relay. They have used different software tools like keil micro vision, welpro software
which works in complex circuitry.
[4] Intelligent Windshield for Automotive Vehicles: Windshield control is a vital operation
of driver during driving. The mountings fitted in the windscreen or also called windshields
are essential to use for smooth driving. These can be automated by using sensors and
microcontroller. A complete windshield controlling system has been developed here to
increase human comfort and flexibility. The wiper has been controlled by a water level
sensor which regulates the wiper motor through sensing the level of water or rain. A dust
sensor has been integrated to spill some water in the windscreen and then wipe it. It senses
when a certain level of dust get accumulated in the screen. The sun visor which is mounted
inside the car to shade the driver’s eye from sun would be easier to control by a servo
motor. Here an automatic sun visor has been designed to be controlled through a light
sensor which is used to measure the light intensity and send the signal to the main control
unit. This project focuses on improving human comfort in the existing system so that the
driver can pay full attention in driving at all weather even in dusty, rainy or summer.

[5] Automatic Rain Operated Wiper System in Automobile: From the research paper we
study about different types of sensor used in automation for the wiper. Windshield Wipers
plays an important role in assuring the drivers safety during travelling. So the main aim of
this work is to develop a system which control the automatic operated Wiper which is
based on electronic sensor is called Automatic Operated Wiper. By adopting this technique
we can achieve the high safety of driver as well as passengers. From this system the driver
can get better focus on road without any distraction while driving.

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Chapter 3
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
In this chapter we have explained about the hardware and software requirements for
the proposed system.

3.1 Block/Circuit/Functional Diagram

LED’S

ARDUINO
UNO

RAIN SENSOR LCD DISPLAY

Figure 3.1: Proposed Block diagram

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Figure 3.1.1 Circuit Diagram of Rain detection using ardiuno

Figure3.1.2 Circuit Diagram of LCD and ardiuno connection

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It is the simplest circuit diagram to show the working of Rain detection , it includes
Arduino UNO, Servo motor, Rain sensor, LED& LCD. Here the Arduino uno can be
operated as per the code & the Rain sensor will give the rain value , LED will be off when
the rainfall is heavy led will be ON, LCD will display the rainfall value.

3.2 Hardware & Software Components

3.2.1 Arduino Uno
The major connections of Arduino UNO are A0 to Rs of LCD, A1 to E, A2 to D4,
A3 to D5, A4 to D6, A5 TO D7, the power supply is also supplied by Arduino to the output
sensors.

Fig 3.2.1. Arduino Uno and its pin diagram

Input Voltage (limits) : 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins :14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin : 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA

Flash Memory : 32 KB (ATmega328)

SRAM : 2 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed : 16 MHz

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3.2.2 Rain Sensor USING ARDUINO

2. Rain Sensor Rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by

rainfall. AO (Analog Output) pin gives us an analog signal between the supply value
(5V) to 0V. DO (Digital Output) pin gives Digital output of internal comparator
circuit. You can connect it to any digital pin on an Arduino or directly to a 5V relay or
similar device. GND is a ground connection. With the purpose of acting dual role, such
as a switch and intensity measuring device is useful. This module has two boards
detection board and control board. First the control unit has a LED indicator,
potentiometer for other applications. It works like a switch and the working principle
ofthis sensor is whenever there is rain, the switch will activate suddenly and sends
information to the connected Arduino UNO.

3.2.2 LCD Display

Fig 3.2.3 LCD Display

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 RAIN DETECTION
In LCD 16×2, the term LCD USING ARDUINO
stands for Liquid Crystal Display that uses a plane panel
display technology , used in screens of computer monitors & TVs, smartphones, tablets, mobile devices,
etc. Both the displays like LCD & CRTs look the same but their operation is different. Instead of
electrons diffraction at a glass display, a liquid crystal display has a backlight that provides light to each
pixel that is arranged in a rectangular network.

3.2.3 12 C Module

Fig 3.2.4 7 12C Module

It has total of 20 male pins. 16 pins are faced to rear side and 4 pins faced towards front side. The
16 pins for connect to 16x2 LCD and the 2 pins out of 4 pins are SDA and SCL. SDA is the serial data
pin and SCL is the clock pin.

3.2.5 LED’s
LED is a highly energy efficient-less heat, more light and lower cost. It uses less electricity

the same for the same light output-85% less electricity when compared to conventional

lighting and around 18% less electricity compared to CFL. led can make a big impact on

energy use.

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Fig 3.2.5 Light Emitting Diode

● Voltage

Typically, the forward voltage of an LED is between 1.8 and 3.3 volts. It varies by the color

of the LED. A red LED typically drops around 1.7 to 2.0 volts, but since both voltage drop

and light frequency increase with band gap, a blue LED may drop around 3 to 3.3 volts.

● Polarity

In short, yes, LED bulbs have polarity. They are made with a positive and negative

connection. They should be wired into your circuit in the correct direction, or they won't

work.

3.2.6 Jumper Wires

A jumper wire is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at

each end, which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other

prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without

soldering.

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Fig 3.2.6 Jumper Wires

3.2.7 Arduino UNO

Fig 3.2.7 Arduino UNO 1.8.19 Software

Arduino designs, manufactures, and supports electronic devices and software,

allowing people around the world to easily access advanced technologies that interact with
the physical world. Our products are straightforward, simple, and powerful, ready to satisfy
users’ needs from students to makers and all the way to professional developers.

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 RAIN DETECTION
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Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter will discuss about the results obtained from the project work
implementation

4.1 Results

After all the set up then we will dump the program to the Arduino board from
the Arduino software then then we can see the output in the serial pointer and we can see
the output in the lcd display . In lcd display we can see the at what value its raining then in
the serial pointer we can see weather its raining heavy or low . If its raining heavy then the
led will turn ON.

4.2 Applications

● It can be applied in an irrigation field.

● Rain water detector is used in the home automation.

4.2 Advantages

● Water Conservation A rain sensor can help you conserve a lot of water. When it rains,
the lawn sprinkler system is automatically turned off, saving water that can be used for
other critical purposes like firefighting.

● Prevent illness and nutrition depletion. Overwatering stops your plants' roots from
penetrating deep into the soil, making them disease prone. Because overwatering
eliminates nutrients from the soil, it is also a primary cause of nutrient loss in plants. Your
plants are frail and sickly.

● Relatively low maintenance cost.

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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The rain water detector system will be useful in both domestic and industrial
applications. It alerts the users of the presence of rain when itis just about to rain as even
the minutest droplets of water triggers it ON thereby giving the user ample time to
retrieve possessions, shut windows, and in some cases prepare to harvest rain water. The
device when properly placed to receive the first set of droplets of rain water can save the
user from damaging possessions that were being sundried/prevent rain from entering
homes, offices and many industrial areas. The rain sensor can be made so sensitive that it
can detect even the smallest drop of water and triggers the buzzer which is proved to be
quiet reliable and consistent.

Future Enhancement
These rain sensing circuits can be used for many future purposes like in rainwater
harvesting etc. We can similarly make this project using Arduino. It will help us in
addition of the more features to the alarm circuit and everything will get automated.
Using more appropriate rain sensor we can make precise automatic rain sensing
system.by adding micro controller based system we can implement some security
features for farmers.

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REFERENCES

1 Rain Sensor Applications.https//www.elprocus.com. [Accessed 11 March 2021]

2 Rain Sensor. [online] available from: https://www.electronicshub.org/ [Accessed 11

March 2021]

3 Components. [online]Available from https://www.electronicshub.org [Accessed 11

April 2021]

4 Rain Sensor Working. [online] Available from: http://electrosome.com [Accessed 15

April 2021]

5 Particle Photon. [online] Available from https://www.electronicwings.com [Accessed

28 May 2021]

6 Resistive Rain Sensor kit. [online] Available from

https://learn.inventelectronics.com/rain-drop-sensing-system/ [Accessed 28 May 2021]

7 Resistive Rain Detector. [online] Available from http://www.piccontrol.com/rain-

sensor/[Accessed 28 May 2021]

8 Capacitive Rain Sensor .[online ] Available from

https://www.vaisala.com/en/products/instruments-sensors-and-othermeasurement-
devices/weather-stations-and-sensors/drd11a [Accessed 28 May 2021]

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