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Acute Heart Failure

This document defines acute heart failure and outlines its types, classification, pathophysiology, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing care. Acute heart failure is a sudden, rapid decline in heart function where the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body. It can be caused by conditions like high blood pressure or smoking. Symptoms include breathlessness and ankle swelling. Treatment involves tests, medications like vasodilators and oxygen, and nursing care focuses on listening, exercise, managing medications, and monitoring symptoms.

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57 views13 pages

Acute Heart Failure

This document defines acute heart failure and outlines its types, classification, pathophysiology, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing care. Acute heart failure is a sudden, rapid decline in heart function where the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body. It can be caused by conditions like high blood pressure or smoking. Symptoms include breathlessness and ankle swelling. Treatment involves tests, medications like vasodilators and oxygen, and nursing care focuses on listening, exercise, managing medications, and monitoring symptoms.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Acute Heart Failure

Dr :abode Mansour AL-Husami


Name :

ID202120147 | MADHAWY FAHEAD A ALSUPAIE


ID 202120186| MARYAM KHALID M ALMUSABBIHI
ID 202120192| ASMAA NASSER H ALFHEED
ID 202120195| MASHAEL HELAL E ALANAZI
ID 20210219| ALHNOOF KHALIFA M ALMOTAIRI
ID 202120223| HUDA ATEAH M ALKALDI
ID 202120238| REHAM MEZHER A ALSHAHRI
Outline
 Definition Acute Heart Failure
 Type Acute Heart Failure
 Classification Acute Heart Failure
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Acute Heart Failure
 Causes Acute Heart Failure
 Sing and symptoms Acute Heart Failure
 Complication Acute Heart Failure
 Diagnosis Acute Heart Failure
 Medical management Acute Heart Failure
 Nursing care Acute Heart Failure
 References
 Definition :
 Heart failure is a life-threatening
condition. When it occurs, your heart is
still working, but it cannot deliver oxygen-
rich blood throughout your body. With
acute heart failure, you experience a
sudden, rapid decline in heart functioning
and the amount of blood your heart can
pump to the rest of your body.
Type :
 1- left-sided heart failure  2- Right-sided heart
The heart's pumping action failure
moves oxygen-rich blood  The heart's pumping action
from the lungs to the left moves "used" blood that
atrium, then on to the left no longer has oxygen in it
ventricle, which pumps the back to the right atrium
blood to the rest of the and on to the right
body. ventricle. The right
 3-Congestive heart failure ventricle then pumps the
 sometimes called CHF, blood back out of the
requires quick medical heart and into the lungs to
attention. However, be replenished with
sometimes doctors use the oxygen.
terms congestive heart
failure and heart failure
interchangeably
Classification :
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Causes:
• high blood pressure
• high cholesterol
• diabetes
• tobacco smoking
• physical inactivity
• not following a heart-healthy eating pattern
• overweight or obesity
• excess alcohol intake
• depression, anxiety and social isolation
Sing and symptoms :
 Systolic Heart Failure  Symptoms People who
This is the most experience any of the
common cause of heart symptoms associated
failure and occurs when with heart failure, even if
the heart is weak and they are mild, should
enlarged. The muscle of consult a doctor as soon
the left ventricle loses as possible. Once a
some of its ability to person is diagnosed, it's
contract or shorten. In important to keep track
turn, it may not have the of symptoms and report
muscle power to pump any sudden changes.
the amount of
oxygenated and nutrient-
filled blood the body
needs.
Complication :
 Complications of heart
failure include:
 1-Arrhythmi Blood clots,
which can lead to
pulmonary embolism or
stroke
 2-Impaired kidney
function or liver function
 3-Muscle wasting (loss of
muscle tissue
throughout the body)
 4-Pulmonary edema
(extra fluid in the lungs)
 5-Respiratory distress
 Diagnosis:
 Suspect acute heart failure in any patient with:
breathlessness, ankle swelling, reduced
exercise tolerance, fatigue, tiredness,
increased time to recover after exercise, and
nocturnal cough. Urgently assess for any signs
or symptoms related to the underlying cause
of acute heart failure
Medical management :
 Care often includes: Supplemental oxygen delivers extra
oxygen you breathe in through a mask. Vasodilators,
 Tests that may be done to diagnose heart failure may
 Blood tests. Blood tests can help diagnose diseases that
can affect the heart. Blood tests also can look for a
specific protein made by the heart and blood vessels. In
heart failure, the level of this protein goes up.
 Chest X-ray. X-ray images can show the condition of
the lungs and heart.
 Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick and
painless test records the electrical signals in the heart.
Nursing care:
 No matter which type of heart failure
your loved one is experiencing, the tips
for helping with their care are largely
the same.
 Advocate and listen.
 Promote exercise and physical activity.
 Understand how to manage medications.
 Know how to monitor symptoms.
 Remember to look after yourself.
 Find a support group.
 Ask for help.
References

 Mentz, R. J. & O’Connor, C. M. Pathophysiology and


clinical evaluation of acute heart failure. Nat. Rev. Cardiol.
13, 28–35 (2015)
 Ishihara, S. et al. Similar hemodynamic decongestion
with vasodilators and inotropes: systematic review, meta-
analysis, and meta-regression of 35 studies on acute
heart failure. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 105, 971–980 (2016)
 Pur-Shahriari AA, Mills RA, Hoppin FG Jr, Dexter L.
Comparison of chronic and acute effects of morphine
sulfate on cardiovascular function. Am J Cardiol 1967
 Peacock WF, Hollander JE, Diercks DB, et al.
Morphine and outcomes in acute decompensated heart
failure: an ADHERE analysis. Emerg Med J 2008

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