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Second Quarter Module 3

Week 3

SDO TAGUIG CITY AND PATEROS

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development and
Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be helped to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master Zero and
Negative Exponents. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to apply the laws involving positive integral
exponents to zero and negative integral exponents.

Let’s Try

Directions: Read each question carefully and solve if necessary. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write it before the number.

1. Evaluate −3𝑥𝑥 0 .
A.-3 B.0 C. 1 D. 𝑥𝑥

4
2. Which of the following has the same value as ?
5𝑥𝑥
5𝑥𝑥 −1 (5𝑥𝑥)−1
A. 20𝑥𝑥 −1 B. 9𝑥𝑥 −1 C. D.
4 −1 4 −1

−2
𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 3
3. Simplify � � .
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦𝑧𝑧 2
1
A. 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 2 B. C. 𝑥𝑥 5 𝑦𝑦 3 𝑧𝑧 5 D. −2
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 2

(8𝑔𝑔−3 ℎ)−1
4. Simplify .
2𝑔𝑔2 ℎ−1
𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔
A. 16𝑔𝑔 B. 4𝑔𝑔 C. D.
4 16

5. Simplify (𝑎𝑎 −1 + 𝑏𝑏 −1 )−1.

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 2
A. B. 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 C. D.
𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏

6. Evaluate (2−1 )3.

1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
2 4 8 64
 0
7𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏−3
7. What is the equivalent of � � if 𝑎𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏𝑏 = 1?
14𝑎𝑎2 𝑐𝑐 2
1 1
A. 0 B. 1 C. D.
2 4

8. Which of the following is equivalent to (2𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏)2 ?

A. (2𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏)(2𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏)(2𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏) C. (2)(2𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏)
2 2 2
B. 2𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 D. 4𝑎𝑎4 𝑏𝑏 2

𝑥𝑥 0
9. What is the value of if 𝑥𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦𝑦 = 4 ?
𝑦𝑦 −2
3 1
A. − B. − C. −24 D. 16
8 8

10. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

1 1
A. (3)−2 B. 9 C. D.
9 (3)2

https://forms.gle/jTAFD5uJ45y8PDRT6
 Lesson
Zero and Negative Exponents
3
Let’s Recall
Simplify the following:
2
𝑏𝑏 3
1. 𝑎𝑎3 ∙ 𝑎𝑎5 6. � �
7
𝑎𝑎5𝑚𝑚 2 2 1 2
2. 7. � � +� �
𝑎𝑎2𝑚𝑚 3 3
7 3 2
3. (4𝑎𝑎)2 8. � − �
8 8
4
𝑎𝑎2
4. � 𝑏𝑏 � 9. (𝑥𝑥 4 )4
2
2 2
5. � � 10. (𝑚𝑚2 )3
5

To watch a video tutorial on Laws of Exponents and Simplifying

Exponential Expressions by Numberbender(2013), please visit this link
https://youtu.be/9DdGtXpMpC8

Let’s Explore

Ants are social they have been known to live in

colonies with 1,000,000 queens and 300,000,000
workers. Estimates are that there are 200,000,000
insects for each person on the planet. Given that the
world population of approximately 7,800,000,000, just
how many insects do we share the earth with? Use a
calculator to arrive at an estimate.

Will you able to estimate the number of insects?

What can you say about the number of figures needed to express your estimate?
What notation can you use to express the estimate concisely?
 Let’s Elaborate

In this lesson we will review the laws of exponents and evaluate expressions whose exponents
are integers.

LAWS OF EXPONENTS
Let a and b be any real number and m and n be any positive integer.
The product rule 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 ⋅ 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚
The quotient rule
𝑛𝑛
= 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎
Raising power to a power rule (𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 )𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Raising product to a power rule (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)𝑚𝑚 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚
Raising quotient to a power rule � � = 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏

ZERO EXPONENTS
If a is a nonzero number, then 𝒂𝒂𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏.

NEGATIVE EXPONENTS
𝟏𝟏
If n is a positive integer and if 𝒂𝒂 is a nonzero real number, 𝒂𝒂−𝒏𝒏 = . The number 𝑎𝑎 −𝑛𝑛 and
𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 are reciprocals. Thus, whenever you come across a negative exponent, think “reciprocal”.

EXAMPLE 1. Simplify each expression.

Solution:
0
A. 7𝑥𝑥 7𝑥𝑥0 = 7(1) Replace 𝑥𝑥 0 = 1, then multiply
=7

B. (7𝑥𝑥)0 (7𝑥𝑥)0 = 70 𝑥𝑥 0 Replace 70 = 1 and 𝑥𝑥 0 = 1, then multiply

=1∙1
=1

EXAMPLE 2. Evaluate each numerical expression.

3 −4
A. (−5)0 B. (2−2 )3 C. (3−2 )−3 D. � �
2
Solutions:
A. (−5)0 =1 C. (3−2 )−3 = 3(−2)(−3)
= 36
= 729

B. (2−2 )3 = 2−6 D. 3 −4 3−4

� � = � −4 �
1 2 2
= 6 1
2
3 4
1 =
= 1
64 24
1 24
= 4∙
3 1
24
= 4
3
16
=
81

Example 3. Express each of the following without zero and negative exponents.

−1
𝑚𝑚−2 𝑛𝑛3 52 𝑎𝑎−1 𝑏𝑏−3 2−2 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 𝑝𝑝−3 +𝑞𝑞 −2
A. B. � � C. D.
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 −5 10𝑏𝑏0 𝑐𝑐 −4 4 −1 𝑥𝑥 0 𝑦𝑦 −2 𝑞𝑞 −1

Solutions:
A. 𝑚𝑚−2 𝑛𝑛3 𝑛𝑛3 𝑦𝑦 5 Since 𝑚𝑚−2 and 𝑦𝑦 −5 both contains negative
=
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 −5 𝑚𝑚2 𝑥𝑥 2 exponents, you have change the power to positive
by getting its reciprocal.

C. 2−2 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 41 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 ∙ 𝑦𝑦 2 Change all powers to positive

=
4−1 𝑥𝑥 0 𝑦𝑦 −2 22 ∙ 1
2 5 Simplify numerical coefficient
4𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
= Add the power of the same variable
4
2 5 Cancel factor that are the same in numerator and
= 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
denominator.

B. 52 𝑎𝑎−1 𝑏𝑏−3
−1
5−2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 D. 𝑝𝑝−3 + 𝑞𝑞 −2 1 1
� � = 𝑝𝑝 3 + 𝑞𝑞 2
10𝑏𝑏 0 𝑐𝑐 −4 10−1 𝑏𝑏 0 𝑐𝑐 4 𝑞𝑞 −1
=
10𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 1
= 2 4 𝑞𝑞
5 𝑐𝑐
𝑞𝑞 2 + 𝑝𝑝3
10𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3
= 𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 2
25𝑐𝑐 4 =
1
2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 𝑞𝑞
=
5𝑐𝑐 4 𝑞𝑞 2 + 𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞
= 3 2 ∙
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
2 3
𝑞𝑞 + 𝑝𝑝
=
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞
 To watch a video tutorial on Zero, negative, and fractional exponents by
Khan Academy (2010), visit this link https://youtu.be/tOuCdKqO6-s

You may also try Exponents (Negative & Zero) by MrB4math (2017) by using
this link https://youtu.be/4ryk5qb4ZlE

Let’s Dig In
Activity 1: Simplify:
1. 4𝑥𝑥 2
2 6. 81𝑥𝑥 4
� 3� (3𝑥𝑥)2
8𝑦𝑦

2. 8𝑥𝑥 2 7. (5𝑥𝑥 2 )(4𝑥𝑥 8 )(−2𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦)

(2𝑥𝑥)3

3. (2𝑥𝑥 4 )(3𝑥𝑥 6 )(−2𝑥𝑥) 8. (4𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 3 )3

4. (3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 )2 9. 15𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏 4 𝑐𝑐 2
3𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 4

2 (3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 𝑧𝑧 2 )2 (4𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏)(2𝑎𝑎3 𝑐𝑐 2 )4

5. 12𝑥𝑥 3 10.
� 4�
6𝑦𝑦

Activity 2: Give the value of the following expression.

1. 15−1 6. −5−1

2. (−17)0 7. −(17)0

3. 2−3 8. 3−4

4. 2 −2 9. 4 −3
� � � �
3 3

5. 5−5 ∙ 53 10. (65 ∙ 6−3 )−1

Activity 3: Express the following without zero or negative exponents then simplify.

1. 𝑥𝑥 3 ∙ 𝑥𝑥 −4 ∙ 𝑦𝑦 0 6. 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑥𝑥 −3 𝑦𝑦 −4

2. 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 −1 𝑧𝑧 −2 7. (𝑥𝑥 −1 𝑦𝑦 3 )−2

−2
3. (𝑥𝑥 −5 )3 𝑥𝑥 −1 8. 3𝑥𝑥 −5 𝑦𝑦 2
� 2 −2 �
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦

4. 32 𝑥𝑥 −3 𝑦𝑦 −4 9. 2−3 + 3−2
2−1 𝑥𝑥 −4 𝑦𝑦 −5 2−2

5. 5−2 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 10. 𝑥𝑥 −2 − 𝑦𝑦 −2
10−1 𝑥𝑥 0 𝑦𝑦 −2 𝑥𝑥 −2 𝑦𝑦 −2

Let’s Remember

• The Negative Exponent Property

1
For any nonzero a, 𝑎𝑎 −𝑛𝑛 = , the reciprocal of 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛

• The Zero Exponent Property

For any nonzero a, a0 = 1

Let’s Apply

Complete the tables

(The first one is done for you. The answer is 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 since 24 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏).
Use scientific calculator to verify your answer. Answers lower than 1 must be
express in fraction.

𝑥𝑥 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
2𝑥𝑥 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
 𝑥𝑥 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
3𝑥𝑥

1. What can you say to the answer when 𝑥𝑥 = 0? Is this the same in both tables?
2. Compare your answer from the right side of 𝑥𝑥 = 0 to the left side. What did you
notice? Is your observation true on both tables?

Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Read each question carefully and solve if necessary. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write it before the number.

1. Which of the following is equivalent to (7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦)3 ?

A. 7𝑥𝑥 6 𝑦𝑦 3 C. (3)(7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦)
B. 7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 D. (7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦)(7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦)(7𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦)

2. Evaluate 8𝑥𝑥 0 .
A. 0 B. 1 C. 8 D. 𝑥𝑥

2
3. Which of the following has the same value as ?
3𝑥𝑥
3𝑥𝑥 −1 (3𝑥𝑥)−1
A. 6𝑥𝑥 −1 B. 5𝑥𝑥 −1 C. D.
2−1 2−1

(8𝑥𝑥 −3 𝑦𝑦)−1
4. Simplify .
2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 −1
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
A. 16𝑥𝑥 B. 4𝑥𝑥 C. D.
4 16

5. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

3 −2 9 16 1
A. � � B. C. D. 3 2
4 16 9 � �
4

1 −1
6. Simplify � � .
𝑎𝑎−1 +𝑏𝑏−1
𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 2
A. 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 B. 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 C. D.
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏

7. Evaluate (2−2 )3 .
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
2 4 8 64

𝑥𝑥 0
8. What is the value of if 𝑥𝑥 = −5 and 𝑦𝑦 = 3?
𝑦𝑦 −2
5 1
A. − B. − C. −45 D. 9
9 9
 0
𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏4 𝑐𝑐 2
9. What is the equivalent of � � if 𝑎𝑎 = −1, 𝑏𝑏 = 1 and 𝑐𝑐 = 2?
𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 4
1 1
A. 0 B. 1 C. D.
2 4

−1
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 4 𝑟𝑟 2
10. Simplify � � .
𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞𝑟𝑟 4
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 3
A. 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 3 𝑟𝑟 2 B. C. D. −1
𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 3 𝑟𝑟 2

https://forms.gle/k3KPQBE767ucTacE8

References
Nivera, Gladys C., et. al., GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS (Patterns and Practicalities), Salesiana
Books, 2013
Orines, Fernando B., et. al., NEXT CENTURY MATHEMATICS (Intermediate Algebra),
Phoenix Publishing House, 2003
Oronce, Orlando A., et. al., E-MATH 9 (Work text in Mathematics), Rex Book Store, 2015
Tesorio, MA. Luisa V., MATHEMATICS 2 ( An Alternative Learning System – The Modular
Approach) 2018 Edition, Tru-Copy Publishing House InC., 2008
Wolf, P., 2020. Ant [image] Available at: < https://unsplash.com/photos/XG8eYNYdz54/info>
[Accessed 14 January 2021]
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: JOSEPH C. LAGASCA

Editors:
Content Evaluators: JOEY N. ABERGOS
AMELIA A. CANZANA
ALMA J. CAPUS
JENNIFER N. CONSTANTINO
MARIO D. DE LA CRUZ JR.
NAUMI G. LIGUTAN
DONALYN S. MIÑA
JULIUS PESPES
Language Evaluator: MARICAR G. RAQUIZA
Reviewers: DR. LELINDA H. DE VERA
MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA
JENNICA ALEXIS B. SABADO
DR. MELEDA POLITA
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD-Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID-Chief
MRS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS-LRMS / ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]