| A Writing An essay based on written input (Part |) 14 General intreduaion essays based on written input are pieces of wniting wach are based on two LOOM teats. The texts am lon the same topic and each one hasclear man points. The texts may present oppasing of complementary hia and may be extracts from newspapers, books, magaznes or onine source materal The task requitesycu to summarise the key points fram both texts and evaluate them, adding any relavant ons of your ew afew doing anything, read the two texts and andartine ithe key pomts in each text, Deade if you agrea or cisagree vith these pots and add ideas of your oevn nat are retevant, When writing your essay avoid using exact words fram the texts. Always try to paraphrase the infermaton, using synaqymow phrases, sequence words (firstly, finally, etc) and linking devices (moreover, in addition, aso, etc). You can choose to use one er two important phrases from the text tat always place them in identifying key points The term ‘key point’ used to refer to the main ideas of a text which are the authors mesiage about the topic. When you are asked to identify a hey pomnt, you have to distinguish between the mast and least important points raised in a text The key points ave usually preceded or followed by examples which prowide interesting information and are there to claafy the points [Ey Bea tne uncertinea points in the texts below. Do they present opposing or complementary views? Tent 4 Travel broadens the mind ‘Whe of travels connected with socal ‘TeiatONsips._cuportursties. to: team and grow! by. ‘expioring fe_word, from meeting new paopie, to ncoUntering NeW and UMfamIllat CUMUTES oF Wisting pisces of breintaking natural Deauty 2) Permsns tne ‘iestest inoact of travel Is shat it promotes 3 godal Mingset Each imp qversaas 200s MeredDle experiences. aad 20ventures and transiorms you in ways you never expected 3) Being immersect in different cultures, bales and_iving conaitions wal_unooubteniy alter your ‘Derspactive on fhe world as yousoak Innow experiences ‘FE YOU'H tak With YOU Tor the rest of your life, in an mpersanal tone if there 5 no merce to personal lexpedence, General outline for essays based on written input There are two ways to summarise the texts Rana Para 1 introduction (pesent the tops) Para2 ® Summary of both texts Parad» tvaluaton of both tects Para am Conchtin (present your opiion) Fan 8 ParaY introduction (omsent the topic) Para 2 ® ext 1 ~ summary & evaluation Para3® text 2- summary & evaluation Parad & Conclusion (presect your opinion} ‘Text 2 Traversing the self oa) We can all agree that travel has an incredible way of _Situlatng cut inate aby to change. Mary pence ‘view this development in terms of lasing and Understanding the rubric o ‘Read the rubric and undedine the key ‘words. Then answer the questions. s7owing themigh understanding other peonle (Wit an essay’ summnatiing and evaluating the and cultures eed the wider word that key points from both tents. Use your own wards ssuvounds us. 5) Furthermore, it could iso be throughout a: far as posse, and clude your Gan ideasin your ansness Winte your arswerin 240-280 words. | goed that wane! fse isthe touchgaper that ‘sgaiks 9 tensformatve numer ofthe sath Every ‘exposure to new experiences unlndes and awakens a new facet of our personality that would othensise remain dermant forever 6) ts fairt0 pasit thesafore, that 4. What type of writing task is #2 2 What skills should be used to analyse the materi? 3. How shouid the information in the text be presented?Paraphrasing When you paraphrase somenne'siddeax, you express these ideas in your own word as much as possible, using a different sentence structure. Ths can be done using synonyms and antonyms, making the subject the object or vice versa, with the use of erivatives, atc. When you have finshed chack that + you have done more than substitute a few words ‘with synonyms: and have changed the sentence structure too. + you haveretaned the meaning of the anginal Ey reodsentences a below. Which are the comect paraphrases of four of the points in Ex. 27 Why are the others wrong? a Arguably tha biggest consequence of exploration is the developmere of cosmopottan studs, b Exposure ia new and often contrary views and sociatal poems can unquestionably change the wway we look at ourselves. © There is.a shared consensus that travel has 2 unique abifty io nurture our inherent capacity lodavelop. d An ecsantial eament of travel isthe manner in which if elows us to forge new links whist increasing our global knowledge @ It is reasonable to suggest therefore, that a combiration of outer and inner elements reditect our comprehension. F Wecan alo hypothasise that he acto traveling is in fact the catalyst for a metamorphic change of one's character: [Gi tect sertences 12 and use the prompts to reeerite them in your own words. 4 Travel websites give you the opportunity to design your holiday to suit your tastes: 2 Busnesses in the tourism industry are developing new markets i previously closed eormanities. = travel companias + branch out « seize + opportunities = exciting = ways 3 Now wisitors to the area have generated commercial success and higher profits. + arival “tourism = bring = new business prosperity + region ‘Sammarking 1 orderto summatse the tars effectvelyyu wllhave to read tham to understand ther overall meaning, Underline the hey paints in each text ignering any unnecessary acts and make a note of the most Important detais. Its imperative: to paraphrase and ‘ot incorporate large amounts of the anginal language as you have to writea shartsummary. [Eh wits sentence that summarises the information from the two texts below. ‘You should be able to reduce the number of words by half. Use the beginning of the sentence below to help you. 41 you have travelled to far-flung places, there's no doubt that you wil have tred new and sometimes unusual ‘cuisine Some people shy away from new tastes bat IIs ‘al part of the experience af visting a dierent country an culture in text 1 the writer claims that trying new foods (goes hand-in-hand with .. 2 tS important ta immerse:yoursei in all aspects of a place, be Ifthe food, the musk, the architecture, the [People or tne nistory. Mese are the tings tat oWve 2 [PES Its chararter and appeal, and is impassible to ‘get the genuine expenence without each of them. in tert 2 the writer suggests that in order to gain a proper understanding of a pisos. Evaluating key points! Adding your own ides ln this task you are abo asked to evaluate the key points raised by the writers. You should consider how far you agree with the points and comment on ‘them, Fnally, youshould lst any relat idass of your ‘own by consdeng what the wates: may have faded to mention [Eh a Few text 1in Ex. 2. then read the two ‘extra ideas below, Which one isrelevant and which is irrelevant? Text 4: 4 Remaining detached and isolated enables travellers to avoid unfortunate inlamational incidents. 2 Travellers should behave responsibly and be rrindfu of their own influence om other sociatias wwhen engaging with different cultures, 1b) Read text 2 in Bx. 2 and write a relevant idea of your own. Text 15a} Read the rubric and the two texts and underline the key points in both texts, Bo the key points that you have under ined present opposing or complementary Mews? | Weite an essay summansing and evaluating the shay points from both texts. Use your oom words throughout as far as possible, and include your ‘own ideasin your answers ‘Wiste your answer in 240-280 words Text t Shifting sands: travel sector ‘The digital revolution has turned out to.be a profound force of good for consumers as it has greatly aitered the may they shop for travel products Thanks to ‘breakthroughs in technology and high-speed Internet, ‘tenellers can now effortlessly book their Fights and hotels ‘online. Similarly, they can also opt to stay at a stranger's ‘howse through accommodation sharing websites and comb through online reviews for unfamiliar restaurants on ‘their mobile devices. In the digital age, increased personalisation has taken off as we have become a generation of DIY holidaymakert who plan, manage and book travel online ina more cost-effective way. Text2 Independent travel itineraries ‘Seams that many people backing their own travel srangernants onfie nave itie awareness oF potential setbacks. Det yoursed rather than usng a professional travel service provider can appear attractive to the entmusastic amateur, offernng 2 lower cost ‘option. However, the amataur's ack Gf smowedge or expertise mignt resuttn the exact opposite in the real warig, travel ltneraries can change ng 2 ‘avel aisrugtion ‘couki mean that the ‘of ig it themsenves. 1b) Read the model essay and underine the paraphrased version of the points you underlined in €x. 78, Highlight the writers ‘opinion. es, Nobody can deny that technology has had an impest on our Fives, and as the texts point out, thas aven transformed the ‘revel industry. The fret text focuses on the ativantages af ‘Personallsed travel while the second considers the potertial Pitfalls for consumers, ‘So, how can the breekthroughs in technology alter our travel ‘eiperiences? According to the first text, websites have ‘provided hovidaymakers with onne portals, permitting them to organise and book ther own travel. which is quickly becoming the norm. 1 points out that the digtal revolution fas altered the consumer path to purchasing holiday ‘packagesin an economical wey. This i an interesting pot ‘that justifies the anpaal technofogy has to consumers. An Istus not iomet the acided convenience of acosssing online bbodkings at any time and from anywhere, which utimataly ‘makes & indisparsanie, In contrast, the second tat raises the issue that those Ltiising the Intemet are ignorant of fe risks ard possible ‘sadvantages, in particular the risk of losing time and ‘money dus ta inexperience, 2s travel fineraries are not the ‘easiest to navigate. Consumers have forgotisn that the ‘Purpose of travel agents is to provide hassle-fres services tothe public. The writer is ofthe opinion that holidaymakers ‘have become swayed by travel and review websites without ‘weighing up the costs. Thisis a view that to my mind does ‘not do justice to tose consumers who have successfully ‘embraced the new technology at ther disposal, becoming the next ‘generation of DIY holidaymakers’ The texts obviously present diferent reactions to, what ‘Ggjtalsation is offering travellers in the 21st century. The ‘surent realty is that more end more peapla are using onfine tools to personalise their ravel than aver before, So, desnite its pitfals, er my opinion, the rise of independent travel can ‘have a positive outcome, 2s it conbibutas-o grester choice ata lower cost. ¢) Read the model essay again and answer ‘the questions. 4 What is the focus of the frst main body paragraph? 2. What bs the focus of the second main body paragraph? 3 Doss the writer summarise and evaluaic the hey points of the texts? Doss the wwrter add extra relevant points? Doss the writer use that own words? ‘Which writing plan A or B in the thecry box on p.14.does the writer use? aned) Rewrite the main body using the other writing plan in the theory boxon p. 14. 6 Read the nubric and underline the key words, Then read the twa texts and answer the questions that follows, ( Read the two texsbeina. White an | estay sunmarang and eshistng | key points from Both texts. Use | your own woud throughout as far | as possible and include your own | Ideas in your answers. Vite your | answer m 240-280 words. Text © Modern tourism Clobal tourism has experienced continued growth and deepening diversification in the letter decades of the twentieth century. It has made ‘it. possible for us to travel the world and broaden our horizons, diminishing our attachment to cultural stereotypes. And this cultural value is not the only aspect to be considered. The more people travel around the world, the greater the economic benefits to host countries. Destinations around the world which might otherwise have stagnated financially can Rourish: as tourists explore attractions and natural landscapes which are often: the key reason forthe initial interest in the araa_ Text 2 Impacts of Tourism ‘appears thet poopie musing sreund the werid are obits tn the ‘desrimental effects of mass tourism. This can be cearly seen inthe ‘case of inisiry leaders undercutting small loca! busresses in populor tour dastinatins. Gaverrenens around the word eupear ‘in nagleck this eeu and actively promote races tourism fr anesek ras. ‘And os teurian surmbers grow. sa does envrenenental degradation ‘dus tn air travel atvisiens snd land pouson, Only serious action ‘rom local suthorties is lel ta resote economic and envronmentad ‘sues arg fren the tauren industry. 4. What are the key points of each text? Are tha key points in the set of texts opposing or complimentary? How could you paraphrase these key points? How many paragraphs will he essay contin? ‘What would you include in the introduction to the essay? Do you need to evaluate the points raised? a 4 5 6 By es your tess from Bx. 8 and the Useful Language box to write your essay. e summarise points + The texts comsider the issue of + Both tents identify .. « Theirs text ewsipmsentsidiscusses how — +The second textraises the ssueof Te emphasise a point ‘Clanity, Obvious, ..Avithout & In addition Furthermore. Moreover, .. o express opposing ideas + However 0a the other hand Nevertheless. o express generalisations ssa (genera) mle Aly and large, + ft is usualy the case that + The cunent reality is + This fact suggests that — "Wo make partially comed ststements Toa cenain extenvidecpes. fn 3 way seese,___» This tsparty true (bu), +Toa lined extent "i express one sige of the argument + An aqumentia four olf suppot of 7 express the other side of the argument + Opponents of . arquerdsimbeteve ‘that... © in contrast e formulate an opinion + As far as lamaware/in ny experiences ‘To my mind ineny opinion, — i condude eondusion /insummary/ Toconchade, SA Checklist When you finish your picce of writing, chock that ° all the points asked for in the nic are included © appropriate begining and ending statements are used * fhe writing is wet-organised (hay points are paraphrased in seqarate paragraphs) the evaluations and sia ideas are ineluded inthe essay * thara isa variety of sutable king words to connect ideas * there is.a range of rich vocabulary * he grammar and spefing is used acaurately * the target reader is uly inferned Fe86 Wien writing an essay based on written input: + read the two texts and underline the key points in exch text, decide If the texts are complementary (sharing a positive OF megative view abaut some aspects of a opie) or opposing (having contrasting wows). + evaluate each of the points in the texts. * list some relevant ideas af your orm, “avoid wslng exact words from the texts, Instead paraphrase the information and da not copy directly from the inpest materia + don't forget that you may use important phrases Froen he text, but always in quotes, There are two general outlines you can use te summarise the texts. | Plan A Para 1. ® latreductien ipresent the topich Para 2» Summary of both texts Pata 3» Evaluation af both texts Para & ® Canclusion (aresent your opinion} Pin B Para? & Introduction igvesent the topic) Fara 2. Text 1 —sumeary & evaluation Pata 3 Text 2 ~summary & evaluation Pata. Conclusion (present your opinion) Hote: Make your essay easy to comprehend by using lear paragraphs, sequence words (firstly, finally, ete) and ig devices [moreower, also, et, Understanding the rubric oO Read the rubric and undarline the key ‘words. Then answer the questions. Wiite an essay summansing and evaluating the key jaaints from both tents. Use your own words throughout as far as possible, and include your cwn ideas in yout answers. Wirte ‘your answer in 240-280 waords. 1 What type of writing task ia it? 2 What stills snould ba used to analyse tna material? 3. How should the Information in the text be Preented? ) Read the tio texts below and underli the key paints in both texts. Global charity work Demands on wmluntees are greing giobally. More aed a ‘ene lly cue unties oround the work are pig by fees sich as potty, homelessness and anerarent jnon-gavernmastal erganisatinns and volunteers are doing th pms: to campaign and fundraise in ceder to meet growin need. Though authorities are reluctant. to resporstitry, hy premeing pitta and scence ramen that support longterm solubare, volun eftris are worthehie, Any helpatall con make cference. Tent 2 Virtual volunteering The nature of volunteer works chang, Nowadays people ae actly seatcting for colunteean poortuites that they can cary out anine auch 93 uuting eras ond newsletters oF designing weit [ot charitable cegontsatons, Thi © because time corctra) or persanal obligations prevent them from providing asaisance in person Itsy not seem the much, Dut the accumulation of hese small acions ca havea Sonificant effect. and moreover, can contrbute towers creating a culture oF commuraty irwokement in the future. b) Do the key points that you have underling present opposing or complementary views? @) How fardo you agree with these points)Remember! | [7 Remember! useful to make notesabaut the texts || When yousummarise a text, you have to make rites on the mast you start writing the essay to help immpertant details and then paraphvase them in your own words, + When you paraphrase, you express an idea in your awn words. I should be clear to 2 reader that the vocabulary and sentence | tutus are your we. Te avai plogiarising unintentionally mak sure to find synonymaus words/phrases while changing the sentence structure too. | a) Read the notes made an Text 1, Choose the notes that correctly summarise the key points in the text find synonymous words/phrases far the words/phrases in bold in the sentences below, Then write sentences that paraphiase the Information, Notes * real reasons for ine actions * recession 4 sete pvery et re roo ‘fernanqenee nroster trate dea wl beoeo perce ae oie “Shueropsts arsnaiarngren = wenauide ere OPED * reject the temptation: tainmnities in need 6 are nat ahways able tO 1 Wah the dramatic sevelopment af technology, cyber exime is “solve problems growing in leape and bounds on x global seal, though volunteers cant solve all ‘rablems their work i important enema A charities need to recruit more 2 Some sctivists are working an a new programma to bale woluetaers: young atfenders shun the lure ot crime and become lawe abiding members of soctety 8 Many financial advisors claim that commercial investment is needed to oll the wheels of industry inorder to create job oppoetunities and prevent an econemic slump. ‘wonthy benefactors, who appear to profit from donating largo: sums to charity, b) Make your ov notes based ‘on the Information in Text 2. Look at the nates in Ex. 38 and your notes for Ex. 3b. Write 0 paragraph summarising the key points of the texts. Remember to paraphrase. 8788 G 1a) Read the madel assay and highlight the ‘writers opinion. Which writing plan (& oF 8) in the theory box on p. 86 does the viriter use? Mast people agree that charities and action gmupe play an lpestark: role fn assisting communities affected. social and ‘Without a doubt, both terts support this notion and ghve complementary races for the importance of helping others. Beth tts mote am argument Ehat any charitable efforts an indviduat cam make ave morthwvle, The rat tert highlights the ‘rowing necessity oF charity mark at & son-governmental and Local community level while acknowledging the dificaties that arse from a luck of qivernmental support. The second text dicunses the growing mavernent of poopleaffesing their talents alin to support pond csusas. Teal stresses that wile i may sees impossible to do rmeh on account of our busy medirn lifestyles any help offered, throogh ary media, can suppost positive change. The arguments oéfered in both texts ae strong and convincing, think the pie rsed in the frat tet is especially apt as many peopl Feed hapless nthe face of diffiuttpoitcal and ecanonic canditions. What f+ mare, other people Sutly fool Pallets due tthe our demanding ceamtances andthe fee prapose tn tt 2, that there are ways to stay nvotved that Sut our oder Uifestyles fs alsa constructive. & Further pnint on this theme és that people with wether free time nor special cinta kids can stil do thelr pat by donating Morey, Ain all helive that it 1s essential that the people working tolmprown thiegs do nt le baa and give up. i iigaet at that they, aed society 4 general, mocgnise the small accomplishments and keep their eyes 00 the goal, however umettsirabla it may seem. 1 we all do what we can, thee. can any imprest. cecanamic bards b) Read the model essay again and answer the questions, 1 Does the weiter sur the texte? 2 How does the writor evaluate the key points? Does the writaruse thalr awn worde? 4 What accitianal idea of thir awn has the writer added? na the koy paints of | Remember! When you write essays you should use linking wor phrases to connect hens sa as to make a piacn oF wri asier to follows Put the linkers/phrases below into the ‘correct gaps in the paragraph. Then repl ‘them with alternative ones from the U: Language box on p. 89, ‘sue to * however + Ihewise = The first tat argues. * in other words — have emerged 2) Of cyber crimes. For instance, security systems such frewalls that prevent unauthorised external users reaching confidential information are worthy deter against compuler crimes. «The second B) eorereommoninininineny Forsicors the Issue of erie but sips) ncn tH fens against then involves people's be By senso «BNO Opening UNInOWN et -0F uploading persona information or acoount Gata networking sites, cyber criminals’ activities. wil ipa 6 Write sentences agreeing or disagreeing with these statements, as in the example Rafer to the Useful Language box on j. BS. 1 Graft fs art anf not warvdalsmn, To my mirc graft és nat art its just vandal 2. Police officers should nat bearmed, 2 Governments ehould be mare lenient ext ‘enmigration. 4 Prison education i 2 smart Investment. 5. Teenage criminals should be treated the sal way as edu, & Governments should provide more suppor t= the poor 7. Strict punishments are sometimes justified 8 Public opinion can positively Influence policy making,Read the rubric and underline the key words. Then read ‘the two texts and answer the questions that follow. an essay summarising and evaluating the key pomts [rom both teats, Use your own yenrds: throughout as far as possibke, and include your own ideas in your ansers, Wiite your onset in 240-280 words. To protect and serve adays, if you enter places such as malts, banks, stadiums and 1, 8 netwerk ol earmeras ie plainly vile I's clear to al that they fikatly to be coptured on fm in these pubic places, and any lionable behaviour such as ‘ancalisen or thal will be Gocumanted. people reise that ft is in the intorost of pubic safety that [urvellance cameras cantiue to be oparatianal, In fact, the mere |fessence af mesa cameras seems ta make the publ feel a sense-of lngwwing that the ‘bad guys are being watched. Frewt 2 People’s guardian “the purpose of surveillance cameras is not to inrade homes amd ater jersonal spaces but rather te peotect the public by deteering ertminal ctity. This works becouse cameres provide material evidence when 5 trime has buen cought on. film that enables law enforcement ogeices to make @ cose. Wikat is tnore, serurty analytics can actimlly soise nlarms about potential! crimes or accidents before they event take place, raising the possibility of preventian, And prevention Is, of ‘course, the primary gov. 11 How many key points dows each text contain? 2 Aretho kay points in the twe sets of texks opposing or ‘camplementary? How could you paraphrase these key points? How many paragraphs will the essay contain? inal vrovid you include in the intreducten to tha essay’? ‘Which writing plan (A or B) in the Remember box on p. 86 wil you uso? eone Use your ideas from Ex. 9 and the Useful Language box to write your essay. Read the tvea texts below. Write “To evaluate @ point + According to the fstixcond text, «The writer is of the opinion thatlaeques thatiexpensses thevlevs that ‘To emphasise a point * Glegryn other word, = This is af Interesting point of view ‘To express similar ideas + Simiarylikersisefin the same way, ‘To express opposing iboas « HoweverOn the other hand, .. To express result + By dalng this tH ways a rst, ‘fo express generalisations is a (general) rule Mainly/enerally snealongiBy ard large, Ta expeess agreement Without a doubtiindoubstedy, = fmeonvinced ‘ [mindived to agrel tend to feo that ‘To express disagreement t's doubtful nat carwinced! it highly urkety that — Pm strony apaosed to — * Most of the wniters xguments eee plausible altough To formulate an apinian = 2 be as 1am avarein my experience Tory mind,... #U have to say that — To conclude + In conelusioavTo conchidasAl things ‘considered, .. itis dear that Checklist ‘When you finish your piece of writing, ttheck that: «all the points askad for inthe ube are include © apprapriate beginning and ending statements are vse the wing |g we!-onganise (rey pints ara paaghraaet | + evalustions andl opiniana are Included in| the essay ‘there & 2 variety of suitabie focal linking words to connect kes. + the appropriate sy i Usa (advances formal « thesn is a reegeot rich woeabulary the grammer is used accurately ste tanget reat is fully formes