REPRODUCTIVE -Attached to the upper part -Function:
SYSTEM of the uterus. *Passageway for
-Function: menstrual flow.
*Move the ovum from the -Receives sperm and
ovary to the uterus. semen from the male.
*Cilia and peristalsis keep -Female organ of
the ovum moving. copulation.
*Site of fertilization, the -Birth canal during delivery
union of the egg and of the infant.
sperm.
-It takes 4-7 days after
fertilization for the zygote
(fertilized egg) to reach the
Ovaries
uterus. An unfertilized
-Female gonads.
ovum will degenerate.
-2 small almond-shaped
glands, located in the
Uterus
abdominal cavity, attached
-Hollow, muscular,
to the uterus by ligaments.
pear-shaped organ. Vulva
-Contains thousands of
-Function: -Collective name for the
small sacs called follicles.
*Organ of menstruation external female genitalia.
-Each follicle contains an
*Allows for the -Includes:
immature egg or ovum.
development & growth of *Mons pubis - pad of fat.
-Production of the
the fetus. *Labia majora – outer folds
hormones estrogen &
*Contracts during birth to of tissue covered with
progesterone.
aid in the expulsion of the pubic hair.
-Responsible for the
fetus. *Labia minora – inner folds
secondary sex
-Layers of tissue.
characteristics – breasts,
*endometrial *Perineum – area between
hips widen, body hair.
* If fertilization does not the vagina and anus.
occur, this lining. *Hymen- mucous
Ovulation
deteriorate, resulting in membrane around vaginal
-The maturing and
menstruation. opening.
release of an egg
occurs every 28 days
-If egg is not fertilized, Clitoris
the body sheds the -A small projection of
lining of the uterus erectile tissue that has
and menstruation twice the number of nerve
occurs. endings than that of the
head of the penis.
Vagina -It is the primary source of
Fallopian Tubes
-Muscular tube that pleasure for the female
-2 of them are 5 inches in
connects the cervix to the reproductive system.
length.
outside of the body.
Bartholin’s Glands Menopause (cycle stops, Breast Cancer
-Two small glands on but sex urge continues) -Major cause of death in
either side of the vaginal women
opening that provide PMS Premenstrual -Incidence continues to
lubrication during sexual Syndrome increase after age of 20
arousal. This prevents pain -Group of symptoms -Strong genetic
for the female during that appear 3-14 days predisposition
sexual intercourse. before menstruation *identification of specific
-Related to hormonal genes related to cancer
Breasts changes or imbalance -Specifically exposure to
-Mammary glands. high estrogen levels
-Contain lobes that surface Cancer of the Cervix *Long period or regular
at the nipples. -Detected by a pap menstrual cycles
-Function: smear *Delay of 1st pregnancy
*Secrete milk. -Treatment *No kids (nulliparous)
*lactate after childbirth. *Hysterectomy
*Removal of cervix and BC SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Woman’s Cycle uterus -Initial sign is single, hard,
-Day 1 – Menstruation painless nodule
begins (bleeding). Male Infertility -Mass is freely movable in
-Day 5 – Menstruation -Can be solely male, solely early stage
usually ends. female, or both *Becomes fixed
-Day 14 – Ovum has -Considered infertile after -Advanced signs
matured and bursts out of one year of unprotected *Fixed nodule
the ovary. intercourse fails to produce *Discharge from nipple
-Day 15 – After 24 hours a pregnancy *Change in breast size &
the egg is done. -Male problems include appearance
-Day 26 – In the absence *Changes is sperm or *Biopsy confirms diagnosis
of fertilization, semen of malignancy
estrogen/progesterone *Hormonal abnormalities
levels drop & the -Pituitary disorders or Breast Cancer—Treatment
endometrium lining sheds testicular problems -Surgery, radiation,
down. *Physical obstruction of chemotherapy
- Day 28 – Menstruation sperm passageways -Surgeries;
begins again. -Congenital or scar tissue -LUMPECTOMY
from injury (Preferred; removal of
TIMELINE: -Semen analysis tumor)
-Ages 9-12 Secondary sex *Assess specific -MASTECTOMY
characteristics appear characteristics (Sometimes necessary)
-Ages 11-14 Menstrual -Number, motility, -Some Lymph Nodes
cycle begins normality removed as well
-Late 20-30's Peak sexual
urges
-Ages 45-55
Sexually Transmitted Syphilis Urethritis–Dysuria,
Diseases -Caused by Treponema Frequent urination,Pyuria)
- Infectious diseases most pallidum (Spirochete -Antibiotics
commonly transmitted bacterium, Enters the body -Abstinence from sexual
through sexual contact through breaks in skin intercourse for 7
-Can also be transmitted or mucous membranes, days after treatment
by; Blood, Blood Products, -Incubation 10 to 90 days -Follow-up care for
Autoniculation (the spread -Spread in uterus after persistent symptoms
of an infection from one 10th week of pregnancy -Treatment of partners
site to another disease (Infected mother has a -Encourage use of
coming from elsewhere in greater risk of a stillbirth or condoms
the body: a disease that having a baby who dies
occurs when an infection shortly after birth) Genital Herpes
spreads from one part of -Ass. w/ HIV -Caused by herpes
the body to another.) -Evaluation includes simplex virus (HSV)
testing for HIV w/ patient’s -Tiny painful blisters on
Gonorrhea consent genitals
-2nd most frequently -May develop
reported STD in US Chlamydia influenza-like symptoms
-Caused by Neisseria -#1 reported STD in US -Threat to fetus or
gonorrhoeae Bacteria -Caused by Chlamydia newborn infant
(Direct physical contact trachomatis -Aseptic meningitis
with infected host, + killed (Gram-negative bacteria) -Neuron damage
by drying, heating or -Transmitted during -Autoinoculation to extra
washing with antiseptic) vaginal, anal, or oral sex genital sites
-TREATMENTl; Antibiotics -Risk factors (Women and -Enters through mucous
-EFFECTS; Tubal adolescents, New or membranes/breaks in the
pregnancy, Chronic pelvic multiple sexual partners, skin during contact with
pain, Infertility in women. History of STDs, infected persons
- MEN (Initial site of Inconsistent/incorrect use -HSV reproduces inside
infection is urethra) of condoms) cell and spreads to
(Symptoms; Develop 2 to -“Silent disease” surrounding cells
5 days after infection – (Symptoms may be absent -Either strain can cause
Dysuria, urethral or minor) disease on mouth or
discharge, Unusual to be -Infection often not genitals
asymptomatic) diagnosed until -Recurrent genital herpes
-WOMEN(Mostly complications appear Occurs in 50% to 80% in
asymptomatic or have -MEN (Dysuria, Urethral following year
minor symptoms; vaginal discharge, Rectal
discharge, dysuria, discharge, Pain during Triggers
Frequency of urination) defecation) -Stress
-WOMEN -Fatigue
(Cervicitis–discharge, -Sunburn
-Menses
of treatment modalities -Pubic hair appears
Symptomatic care -Recurrences & reinfection -External genitals enlarge
-Genital hygiene possible -Sperm production begins
-Loose-fitting cotton -Careful long-term -First ejaculation occurs
underwear follow-up advised -Long bone growth stops
-Lesions clean and dry -Vaccine to prevent
-Sitz baths cervical cancer, Sperm
-Barrier methods during precancerous genital -Sex cells that are
sexual activity lesion, and genital warts produced in the testes
-Drying agents due to HPV and are used to fertilize
the egg
Genital Warts MALE REP SYSTEM -Sperm swim at the rate
-Most common STD in the -Main function is to of 1-4 mm per minute or
US produce sperm & deliver it 60-240mm per hour
-Often asymptomatic so to the female reproductive -50,000 sperm are
patient may be unaware of System. produced each min. in
infection mature men
-Caused by human MALE PUBERTY
papillomavirus (HPV) Starts at around age 12-13 Semen
-Highly contagious Hormonal changes -A thick fluid containing
-Frequently seen in young, stimulate an increase in sperm and other
sexually active adults growth rate, alterations in secretions from the male
-Discrete single or multiple behavior, enlargement of reproductive system.
growths the genitals, & the These fluids give nutrition
-White to gray and appearance of secondary & protection to the sperm
pink-fleshed colored sexual characteristics such to help them reach the egg
-May form large as facial hair. Bc boys for fertilization.
cauliflower-like masses begin their final growth
-Warts in men: penis, spurt later than girls, they Testicles (testes)
scrotum, around anus, in have a longer period of -Male reproductive
urethra steady growth and usually organ that makes
-Warts in women: vulva, attain a greater adult sperm & testosterone
vagina, cervix height. -Males begin producing
-Can have itching with 100+ million sperm a day
anogenital warts & Changes that occur: once they reach puberty
bleeding on defecation -Growth spurt occurs
with anal warts -Acne may appear Testosterone
-Primary goal: Removal of -Larynx enlarges, voice The male sex hormone
symptomatic warts deepens that influences sperm
-Removal may or may not -Facial hair appears production
decrease infectivity -Shoulders broaden -During puberty,
-Difficult to treat -Underarm hair appears testosterone causes
-Often require multiple -Perspiration increases facial and body hair to
office visits and variety -Muscles develop grow, shoulders to
broaden and voice to Vas Deferens -Closes off the urethra,
deepen -The next portion of a preventing urine passage
hollow tube that sperm through the urethra
Penis pass through
-The external male -The vas deferens
reproductive organ that can be up to 12 inches Sphincter Valve
is made up of spongy long -A small piece of skin, a
tissue that has blood muscle that holds back
flow going through it Vasectomy urine or semen so that
-The penis removes -The severing and tying off both do not come out of
urine from the bladder of the vas deferens the body at the same time
and also delivers sperm -Once the vas deferens is
to the female reproductive severed, sperm will not be Cowper’s Gland
system able to be ejaculated out -Found near urethra below
-The glans is the of the penis the prostate
sensitive nerve ending -Prior to ejaculation this
near the tip of the penis Seminal Vesicles gland secretes a clear fluid
-Found near the base of that protects the sperm
Foreskin the urinary bladder from acid in the male
-A piece of skin that -Produce thick secretions urethra.
partially covers the tip that nourish the sperm &
of the penis at birth help sperm move easier Urethra
-Circumcision is the -Urine passes through the
removal of the foreskin Prostate Gland urethra, a tube that starts
from the tip of the penis -Encircles the urethra near at the bladder and ends at
the bladder the opening of the penis.
Scrotum -About the size of a walnut -Sperm also pass through
-The skin covered -Secretes a thin, milky fluid the urethra during
sac that the testes that protects the sperm ejaculation but not at the
rest in from acid in the female same time as urine is
-Muscles of the reproductive system carried
scrotum help with
temperature control Prostate Gland Prostate Exam
-Sperm develop best -Located below the -An examination that is
several degrees below bladder performed to identify any
98.6 -Produces an alkaline irregularities in the
secretion that increases prostate
Epididymis sperm motility and -Exams help in early
-A tightly coiled tube where neutralizes the acidity of detection of prostate
sperm mature the vagina cancer
as they pass through -During ejaculation, the -Prostate cancer occurs
-The epididymis can be up prostate gland primarily in older
to 20-23 feet long -Contracts causing the
expulsion of semen
males and is the 2nd most milliliter of seminal fluid- or between the age of 40-50
common cancer in males sperm of poor quality. years of age.
in the U.S Sterility can result from
-For every 3 men environmental hazards,
diagnosed with cancer including exposure to
This year 1 will have x-rays or radiation, toxic
prostate cancer. chemicals, and lead.
Hormonal imbalance,
Testicular Exam certain medications, or
-A self exam that men drug use including
should perform once per anabolic steroids can
month once they have damage sperm. Some
reached puberty to detect diseases, including STIs,
any lumps, swelling, pain, and contracting mumps as
or discomfort in the an adult also can result in
scrotum or abdomen sterility.
Path of Sperm Testicular Cancer:
-Testes Cancer that develops in
-Epididymis the cells of the testes.
-Vas deferens Risks factors for getting
-Seminal Vesicle testicular cancer includes:
-Prostate Gland undescended testicles,
-Cowper’s Gland abnormal testicular
-Urethra development, anabolic
-Ejaculated out of Body steroid use, and a family
-Path of Sperm history of cancer. Regular
self-exams for abnormal
Problems of the Male lumps of the testicles can
Reproductive System detect an early case of
Inguinal Hernia: A cancer.
separation of tissue that
allows part of the intestine Prostate Problems:
to push into the abdominal The prostate gland can
wall near the top of the become enlarged as a
scrotum. Straining the result of an infection, a
abdominal muscles or tumor, or age-related
lifting heavy objects can problems. The enlarged
cause a tear in this tissue. gland can press against
the urethra resulting in
Sterility: The inability to frequent and difficulty
reproduce. In males it can urinating. Men start to
result from too few sperm- have yearly prostate
fewer than 20 million per exams from their physician
