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Engr. Verna Liza Maninang-Bermido

Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of geologic features relative to horizontal and vertical planes. Strike is the line of intersection between the feature and a horizontal plane, represented on maps by a short line segment parallel to the strike. Dip gives the angle of inclination of the feature from horizontal, represented on maps by a line attached at a right angle to the strike line pointing in the dip direction. Apparent dip is the dip measured in any non-perpendicular plane to strike, while true dip can be calculated from apparent dip with trigonometry. Various instruments like compasses and smartphones are used to measure strike and dip in the field.

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28 views3 pages

Engr. Verna Liza Maninang-Bermido

Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of geologic features relative to horizontal and vertical planes. Strike is the line of intersection between the feature and a horizontal plane, represented on maps by a short line segment parallel to the strike. Dip gives the angle of inclination of the feature from horizontal, represented on maps by a line attached at a right angle to the strike line pointing in the dip direction. Apparent dip is the dip measured in any non-perpendicular plane to strike, while true dip can be calculated from apparent dip with trigonometry. Various instruments like compasses and smartphones are used to measure strike and dip in the field.

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Joel Owen
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MODULE 8

ATTITUDE OF BEDS

Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature. The strike line of a bed,
fault, or other planar feature, is a line representing the intersection of that feature with a
horizontal plane. On a geologic map, this is represented with a short straight line segment
oriented parallel to the strike line. Strike (or strike angle) can be given as either a quadrant
compass bearing of the strike line (N25°E for example) or in terms of east or west of true north
or south, a single three digit number representing the azimuth, where the lower number is
usually given (where the example of N25°E would simply be 025), or the azimuth number
followed by the degree sign (example of N25°E would be 025°).
The dip gives the steepest angle of descent of a tilted bed or feature relative to a horizontal
plane, and is given by the number (0°-90°) as well as a letter (N,S,E,W) with rough direction
in which the bed is dipping downwards. One technique is to always take the strike so the dip
is 90° to the right of the strike, in which case the redundant letter following the dip angle is
omitted (right hand rule, or RHR). The map symbol is a short line attached and at right angles
to the strike symbol pointing in the direction which the planar surface is dipping down. The
angle of dip is generally included on a geologic map without the degree sign. Beds that are
dipping vertically are shown with the dip symbol on both sides of the strike, and beds that are
level are shown like the vertical beds, but with a circle around them. Both vertical and level
beds do not have a number written with them.

Strike and dip of the beds. 1-Strike, 2-Dip direction, 3-Apparent dip 4-Angle of dip

Strike and dip

ENGR. VERNA LIZA MANINANG- BERMIDO MODULE: Engineering Geology


Instructor 50 | P A G E
Strike line and dip of a plane describing attitude relative to a horizontal plane and a vertical
plane perpendicular to the strike line
Another way of representing strike and dip is by dip and dip direction. The dip direction is
the azimuth of the direction the dip as projected to the horizontal (like the trend of a linear
feature in trend and plunge measurements), which is 90° off the strike angle. For example, a
bed dipping 30° to the South, would have an East-West strike (and would be written 090°/30°
S using strike and dip), but would be written as 30/180 using the dip and dip direction method.
Strike and dip are determined in the field with a compass and clinometer or a combination of
the two, such as a Brunton compass named after D.W. Brunton, a Colorado miner. Compass-
clinometers which measure dip and dip direction in a single operation (as pictured) are often
called "stratum" or "Klar" compasses after a German professor. Smartphone apps are also
now available, that make use of the internal accelerometer to provide orientation
measurements. Combined with the GPS functionality of such devices, this allows readings to
be recorded and later downloaded onto a map.[1]
Any planar feature can be described by strike and dip. This
includes sedimentary bedding, faults and fractures, cuestas, igneous dikes and sills, metamo
rphic foliation and any other planar feature in the Earth. Linear features are measured with
very similar methods, where "plunge" is the dip angle and "trend" is analogous to the dip
direction value.
Apparent dip is the name of any dip measured in a vertical plane that is not perpendicular to
the strike line. True dip can be calculated from apparent dip using trigonometry if the strike is
known. Geologic cross sections use apparent dip when they are drawn at some angle not
perpendicular to strike.

ENGR. VERNA LIZA MANINANG- BERMIDO MODULE: Engineering Geology


Instructor 51 | P A G E
ACTIVITY 8
ATTITUDE OF BEDS

1. What is the orientation of a geologic feature? Differentiate each.

2. Discuss Dip Direction and Apparent Dip.

ENGR. VERNA LIZA MANINANG- BERMIDO MODULE: Engineering Geology


Instructor 52 | P A G E

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