Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2

Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc.

Malasiqui, Pangasinan
SY 2021-2022

LEARNING MODULE
BASIC CALCULUS Grade 11 – Q3 M2

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DERIVATIVES
COMPETENCIES
1. Determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not.
2. Illustrate continuity of a function at a number.
3. Illustrate continuity of a function on an interval.
4. Solves problems involving continuity of a function.
5. Illustrate the tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point
6. Apply the definition of the derivative of a function at a given number
7. Relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line
8. Determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function

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 Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2

PRE-ASSESSMENT:

Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Please answer all items. Take note of the items
that you were not able to correctly answer and look for the right one as you go through in this module. Good luck!

A. Directions: Find the derivative for each function.

1. y=6 x −2
2. y=x 2 +4
2
3. y=x −3 x+ 2
B. Directions: Find the slope and the equation of the tangent line to the curve.
4. y=x 2−4 x +1 at (2 ,−3)
5. y=2 x 2−3 x+ 1 at (−1 , 6)
C. Directions: Determine whether each of the following functions is continuous or differentiable.
6. f ( x )=5 x−4 for all values of x
2
7. f ( x )=3 x −6 x +2 for all values of x
D. Directions: Find the derivative of each of the following functions.
8. f ( x )=5 x−9
9. f ( x )=x 2 +5 x−8
10. f ( x )=(5 x−2)2
EXPLORE
Are your ready to learn about derivatives? If so, then you may start this module by completing the table.
See attached Activity 1 Can you define me? on page 7
FIRM UP
The next part of this module will help build your knowledge about derivatives. Read the concept notes
below and do activities that follow
Continuity
Continuity at a Number
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at the number a if all the following three conditions are satisfied.
a. f(a) exists
b.lim
x→ a
f ( x ) exists

c. lim f ( x )=f (a)

x→ a
If any one or more of the above three conditions fail, the function f(x) is said to be discontinuous at a number a.
Example 1: Determine whether f ( x )=4 x 2+ x−2 is continuous at x=1.
Solution
2
a. f ( 1 ) =4 x 2 + x−2 b. lim f ( x )=¿ 4 x + x−2 ¿
x →1
2 2
¿ 4 ( 1 ) +1−2 ¿ 4 ( 1 ) +1−2
¿3 ¿3
c. lim f ( x )=¿ f (1) ¿
x →1
The three conditions are satisfied. The function is continuous at x=1.
x 2−9
Example 2: Determine whether f ( x )= is continuous at:
x −3
2-a. x=0 2-b. x=3
Solution
2-a. At x=0 2-b. x=3
2
x −9 x 2−9
a. f ( x )= a. f ( x )=
x −3 x −3
2 2
0 −9 3 −9 →= 0
f ( 0 )= f ( 0 )=
0−3 3−3 0
¿0
The limit is indeterminate.

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
2
x −9 2
x −9 (x +3)( x−3)
b. lim b. lim =lim
x →0 x−3 x →3 x−3 x→3 x −3
2
0 −9 ¿ lim x +3
¿
0−3 x→ 3

¿3 ¿ 3+3 →=6
c. lim f ( x )=f (0)
x →0
c. lim f ( x ) ≠ f ( a ) ;Hence f(x) is discontinuous at x=3.
x →3
The three conditions are satisfied.
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x=0.
The Derivative of a Function and the Slope of the Tangent Line
In coordinate geometry, the slope of a non-vertical line is defined as the ratio of the vertical change to
the corresponding horizontal change, that is, it is the quotient of the change y and the change in x. it can also be
defined as the tangent of its angle of inclination θ .
change∈ y ∆ y
a. Slope¿ =
change ∈ x ∆ x
y −y
¿ 2 1
x 2−x 1
change∈ y ∆ y
b. tanθ= =
change ∈x ∆ x
y 2− y 1
¿
x 2−x 1
Where ∆ x=¿ increment of x (is read as delta x)
∆ y =¿ increment of y (is read as delta y)

Derivatives of Algebraic Polynomial

Consider the following graph.
In the illustration, y +∆ y =f ( x +∆ x ) .
Follow the steps:
1. In the given equation, replace x with x +∆ x and y with y +∆ y and
simplify.
2. Find ∆ y by subtracting the given equation from the equation
obtained in step 1. Simplify.
3. Divide both sides of the equation obtained in Step 2 by ∆ x .
Simplify.
4. Find the limit as ∆ x →0.
Example 1: Find the derivatives of y=4 x 2+ 15. Example 2: Find the derivatives of y=x 2−5 x +8.
Solution Solution
2
Step 1: y +∆ y =4 ( x + ∆ x ) +15 Step 1: y +∆ y =( x+ ∆ x )2 −5(x +∆ x)+8
y +∆ y =4 [ x ¿ ¿ 2+2 x ∆ x +(∆ x)2 ]+15 ¿ y +∆ y =x 2+2 x ∆ x+(∆ x )2 −5 x −5 ∆ x+15
2 2
y +∆ y =4 x +8 x ∆ x+ 4( ∆ x) +15 Step 2: y=x 2−5 x +8
2
∆ y 2 x ∆ x+ ( ∆ x ) −5 ∆ x
Step 2: y=4 x 2+ 15 Step 3: =
∆x ∆x
2
∆ y 8 x ∆ x +4 ( ∆ x ) ∆y
Step 3: = =2 x+ ∆ x−5
∆x ∆x ∆x
∆y dy ∆y
=8 x+ 4 ∆ x Step 4: = lim = lim (2 x +∆ x−5)
∆x dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆ x ∆ x→ 0
dy ∆y dy
Step 4: = lim = lim (8 x+ 4 x ∆ x) =2 x −5
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆ x ∆ x→ 0 dx
dy
=8 x
dx
2
Example 3: Find the derivatives of y= .
x +5
Solution
2
y +∆ y =
( x+ ∆ x)+5
2 2
y +∆ y − y= −
( x+ ∆ x )+5 x +5

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
2 ( x+ 5 )−2( ( x +∆ x ) +5)
∆ y=
[ ( x +∆ x ) +5 ] [ x+5 ]
2 x +10−2 x−2 ∆ x−10
∆ y=
( x + ∆ x +5)( x +5)
∆y −2 ∆ x
=
∆ x ( x +∆ x +5)( x+5)( ∆ x )
∆y −2
=
∆ x ( x +∆ x +5)(x+5)
lim −2
dy ∆y ∆ x →0
= lim =
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆ x ( x +∆ x +5)( x+5)
−2
¿
( x +5)( x+5)
−2
¿ 2
( x +5)
Example 4: Find the slope of the curve at the given point.
y=3 x 2−5 x (2,4)
Solution
Follow the steps in solving for the slope of the curve at the given point.
Step 1: Find the slope of the tangent line at any point (x,y). This can be done by the solving for the derivative.
Step 2: Substitute the value of x in the equation.
2
y=3 x −5 x
y +∆ y =3 ( x+ ∆ x )2−5 ( x +∆ x )
2 2
y +∆ y − y=3 ( x +∆ x ) −5 ( x+ ∆ x )−(3 x −5 x)
∆ y =3 ¿
2 2 2
∆ y =3 x +6 x ∆ x+ 3 ∆ x −5 x −5 ∆ x−3 x +5 x
∆ y =6 x ∆ x +3 ∆ x 2−5 ∆ x
∆y
=6 x +3 ∆ x−5
∆x
dy ∆y
slope= = lim = lim 6 x +3 ∆ x−5
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆ x ∆ x →0
¿ 6 x−5
when x=2 ,
dy
slope= =6 x−5
dx
¿ 6 ( 2 )−5
¿ 12−5
¿7
Example 5: Find the slope of the line tangent to the graph of the function defined by f ( x )=4+2−x 2at (2,4).
Write the equation of the tangent line.
Solution
f ( x )=4+2−x 2
2
y=f ( x )=4 +2−x
lim f ( x +∆ x )−f (x)
slope¿ ∆ x → 0
∆x
2 2
lim 4 +2 ( x + ∆ x )− ( x + ∆ x ) −(4 +2−x )
∆x →0
¿
∆x
[ x 2+2 x ∆ x+ ( ∆ x ) ¿ ¿ 2]}−(4+ 2−x 2)
¿ lim {4+ 2 x +2 ∆ x− ¿
∆ x→ 0 ∆x
¿ lim 2−2 x−∆ x
∆ x→ 0
¿ 2 x+2
when x=2
Slope ¿−2 ( 2 ) +2
¿−2
To find the equation of the tangent line, use the point- slope formula.
y− y1 =m ( x−x 1 )

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
The computed slope is -2 and the given point is (2,4).
y−4=−2 ( x−2 )
y−4=−2 x+ 4
y=−2 x +8
The equation of the tangent line is y=−2 x +8 .
Differentiability and Continuity
The operation of finding the derivative of a function is called differentiation. If a function has a
derivative for a particular value of x, the function is said to be differentiable at the value of x.
a. If a function f(x) is differentiable at x=a, then function f(x) is continuous at x=a. in other words,
differentiability implies continuity.
b. If a function f(x) is not differentiable at x=a, then it may or may not be continuous at x=a.
c. If the function f(x) is continuous at x=a, it need not be differentiable at x=a. in other words, continuity
does not imply differentiability.
d. If the function f(x) is discontinuous at x=a, then it is not differentiable at x=a.
Example 6: f ( x )=2 x +1
Solution
Find out if f ( x )=2 x +1 is differentiable.
The definition of derivative can also be used to find the derivative of a function. The following are
equivalent ways of writing the derivative of y=f ( x ) .
dy
a. b. y ' c. f ' ( x ) d. D x y
dx
f ( x )=2 x +1
lim 2 ( x + ∆ x ) +1−(2 x+1)
f ' ( x )= ∆ x→ 0
∆x
lim 2 x +2 ∆ x +1−2 x−1
∆x → 0
¿
∆x
lim 2 ∆ x
∆x →0
¿
∆x
'
f ( x )=2
The function has a derivative and is therefore differentiable. The graph of f(x)=2x+1 is shown below.

X 0 2

f(x) 1 5

The derivative is 2 and the slope of the line

is 2. There is no hole or break in the line. Therefore,
f(x)=2x+1 is a continuous function. It is continuous for all
values of x.
Example 7: f ( x )=x 2 + x +3
Solution
Find out if it is differentiable.
2
f ( x )=x + x +3
2
' [( x +∆ x ) ¿¿ 2+ x+ ∆ x+3 ]−( x + x +3)
f ( x )= lim ¿
∆ x →0 ∆x
2 2 2
lim x +2 x ∆ x+(∆ x ) + x +∆ x +3−x −x−3
∆x →0
¿
∆x

lim 2 x ∆ x +(∆ x)2 +∆ x

∆x →0
¿
∆x

¿ lim 2 x+ ∆ x+ 1
∆ x→ 0

f ' ( x )=2 x+1

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
2
The graph of f ( x )=x + x +3 is shown below.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) 5 3 3 5 9

a. at point (−2 , 5) b. at point (2 , 9)

slope ¿ 2 x+1 slope ¿ 2 x+1
¿ 2(−2)+1 ¿ 2(2)+ 1
¿−3 ¿5
The slope of the tangent line to the curve is 2x+1 at any point ( x , y ) .the function is differentiable. There
is no break or hole in the graph. Therefore, the function f ( x )=x 2 + x +3 is a continuous function.
The Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions
1. The Constant Rule
dy d
If c is any constant and y=f ( x )=c for all x, then = c=f 1 ( x )=0.
dx dx
Example 8: f ( x )=7
f ' ( x )=0
2. The Power Rule
d n n−1
If y=x n is a power function for some positive integer n, then ( x ) =nx .
dx
Find the derivatives of the following:

Example 9: f ( x )=x 5 Example 10: f ( x )=x 12

' 5−1 ' 12−1
f =5 x f =12 x
4 11
¿5 x ¿ 12 x
3. The Identity Function Rule
dy
If y=x , then =1.
dx
4. The Constant Multiple Rule
d d
If c is a constant and f(x) is a differentiable function, then cf ( x )=c f ( x ) .
dx dx
Find the derivatives of the following:
Example 11: f ( x )=8 x 6 Example 12: f ( x )=4 x−3
' 6−1 ' −3 −1
f =8 ∙6 x f =(−3)4 x
¿ 48 x 5 ¿−12 x− 4
5. The Sum and Difference Rule
d d d
If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then
dx
[ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ]= dx f ( x )+ g ( x ) .
dx
Example 13: Find the derivatives of f ( x )=5 x 4 +3 x 3−6 x +8
' d 4 d 3 d d
f ( x )= (5 x )+ (3 x )− (6 x )+ (8)
dx dx dx dx
f ' ( x )=5 ( 4 x3 ) + 3 ( 3 x 2 )−6 ( x 0) + 0
f ' ( x )=20 x 3+ 9 x2 −6(1)
f ' ( x )=20 x 3+ 9 x2 −6
6. The Product Rule
d d d
If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions then,
dx
[ f ( x ) ∙ g ( x ) ]=f (x ) g ( x )+ g (x) f ( x ) .
dx dx
Example 14: Differentiate the function f ( x )=( 4 x−3 ) ( 2 x+5 )
' d d
f ( x )=( 4 x−3 ) ( 2 x +5 ) + ( 2 x+5 ) ( 4 x −3 )
dx dx
'
f ( x )=( 4 x−3 ) ( 2 )+(2 x+5)( 4)
f ' ( x )=8 x−6+ 8 x+20
f ' ( x )=16 x +14
7. The Quotient Rule

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
d d
g( x ) f ( x ) + f (x) g ( x )
If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions at x with g ( x ) ≠ 0 , then d f (x ) = dx dx
.
dx g ( x ) [g ( x ) ]
2

2
x +3
Example 15: Find the derivatives of f ( x )=
5 x+ 4
d 2 d
( 5 x + 4 ) ( x +3 )−( x 2 +3 ) ( 5 x + 4 )
' dx dx
f ( x )= 2
(5 x + 4)
' ( 5 x + 4 ) (2 x)−( x 2+3 ) (5)
f ( x )= 2
(5 x +4 )
' ( 10 x2 +8 x )−( 5 x 2 +15 )
f ( x )=
(5 x+ 4)2
10 x 2 +8 x−5 x 2−15
f ' ( x )=
(5 x + 4)2
2
' 5 x +8 x−15
f ( x )= 2
(5 x +4 )

See attached Activity 2 Kindle your Ideas on page 7

DEEPEN
See attached Activity 3 3-2-1 Chart on page 8
TRANSFER
See attached Activity 4 Presenting Derivatives on page 8

BASIC CALCULUS
Name: ____________________________________________Grade and Section:________________________
Contact Number:____________________________________Address_________________________________
Subject Teacher: Rose Anne G. Rosario__________________
Important!!! DETACH AND SUBMIT ONLY PAGES 7-8 to your Subject Teacher!

EXPLORE
Activity 1: Can you define me?
Directions: Complete the table below.
Continuity Derivatives

Definition

Example

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2

FIRM UP
Activity 2: Kindle your Ideas
A. Directions: Find the derivative for each function.
1. y=2 x +7
2. y=3 x 2−6
3. y=2 x3 +2 x−1
B. Directions: Find the slope and the equation of the tangent line to the curve.
4. y=3 x 2−x +1 at (1, 3)
5. y=2 x 2−x +3 at (1, 4)
C. Directions: Determine whether each of the following functions is continuous or differentiable.
6. f ( x )=−3 x +7 for all values of x
5
7. f ( x )= at x=2
x−2
D. Directions: Find the derivative of each of the following functions.
8. f ( x )=3 x 5 +6 x 2+ 9 x
9. f ( x )=(3 x 2−1)(2 x +3)
2
( 4 x +3)
10. f ( x )=
2 x −3

DEEPEN
Activity 3: 3-2-1 Chart
Directions: Accomplish the 3-2-1 chart below.
3-2-1 Chart
Three things you found out:
1. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Two interesting things:

1. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2
One question I still have:
1. ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

TRANSFER
Activity 4: Presenting Derivatives
For Offline leaners
Directions: Create your own real-life word problem involving derivatives and make an explanation discussing

the correct solution of the problems. (please include rubric for this one)
For Online learners
Directions: Create your own real-life word problem involving derivatives and make a short video presentation

discussing the correct solution of the problems.

Rubric for Video Presentation

Criteria Excellent Satisfactory Progressing Need

Improvement
4 3 2 1
Duration 3-5 minutes. Between 2 and 3 Between 1 and 2 Less than 1 minute
minutes or minutes or between or more than 7
between 5 and 6 6 or 7 minutes. minutes.
minutes.
Correctness The content is The content has 1 The content has 2 The content has 3
mathematically mathematical mathematical or more
correct. mistake. mistakes. mathematical
mistakes
Organization/ Elements of the Video contains Video contains 2-3 Video is poorly
Cohesiveness video flow one blooper in blooper in the final edited/choppy or
cohesively into final product. product. contains several
each other. bloopers.
Creativity Exceeds Meets Approaches Does not meet
expectations. expectations. expectations. expectations.

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Module 2:Derivatives Third Quarter/Month 2

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