INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)

GROUP 1
HISTORY
ISO, which is a derivative of the Greek word “isos” and means “equal,”.
ISO began in 1926 as the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA).
This organization focused heavily on mechanical engineering. It was disbanded in 1942 during the World
War II but was re-organized under the current name, ISO, in 1946. Founded in 1947 by a group of
delegates from 25 countries, the 67 original technical committees of ISO came together with a unified
goal of ensuring products and services are safe, reliable, and of good quality.
The very first ISO standard, called “ISO/R 1:1951” – was first published in 1951 to set a standard
reference temperature for industrial length measurements. Today, that standard still exists (after
many updates) as ISO 1:2002.
The standard for film camera’s film stock are ISO 100 and ISO 200.
Technical Committee 176 (ISO/TC 176) was formed in 1979 to create a universal quality standard.
Based on the British Standard BS5750, ISO 9000 was first released in 1987. It was referred to as a
“quality assurance standard,” with ISO 9000 being the guidance document. The actual certification
standards were divided into three parts:
• ISO 9001 was for organizations that conducted design, production and servicing.
• ISO 9002 was the standard for production and servicing companies that did not do design.
• ISO 9003 was applicable to organizations that neither designed nor produced products, such as
those engaged in testing and distribution.
Early adopters created the motto “Write down what you do, do what you write down, and make sure
you are doing it” as the easily understood essence of the standard.
• “Write down what you do” refers to documenting the processes and their interactions within
your organization.
• “Do what you write down” describes the actions you take to realize your products and services
and ensure that they yield the desired outcomes.
• “Make sure you are doing it” refers to what we know today as QMS (Quality Management
System) auditing.
ISO 9001
ISO 9001 is defined as the international standard that specifies requirements for a quality
management system (QMS). Organizations use the standard to demonstrate the ability to consistently
provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements.
ISO 9001 was first published in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the
current version of ISO 9001 was released in September 2015.
ISO 9001 is the only standard in the ISO 9000 family that can be certified to, and it can be applied
by any and all organizations, large or small. It is the most common ISO standard, with over one million
companies and organizations in over 170 countries that currently implement it.
ISO 9001 is based on the plan-do-check-act methodology and provides a process-oriented approach
to documenting and reviewing the structure, responsibilities, and procedures required to achieve
effective quality management in an organization. Specific sections of the standard contain information
on many topics, such as:
• Requirements for a QMS, including documented information, planning and determining process
interactions
• Responsibilities of management
• Management of resources, including human resources and an organization’s work environment
• Product realization, including the steps from design to delivery
• Measurement, analysis, and improvement of the QMS through activities like internal audits and
corrective and preventive action
Changes introduced in the 2015 ISO 9001 revision are intended to ensure that ISO 9001 continues to
adapt to the changing environments in which organizations operate. Some of the key updates in ISO
9001:2015 include:
• The introduction of new terminology
• Restructuring some of the information
• An emphasis on risk-based thinking to enhance the application of the process approach
• Improved applicability for services
• Increased leadership requirements
Previous versions of ISO 9001

Through time all standards were updated. In 2000, ISO 9001 was updated from a “document everything”
approach to a more process-based approach for Quality Management Systems. This also made the
standard more applicable to service-based industries and added the ability of a company to exclude
certain sections of the requirements. By allowing the exclusions from some requirements, the need for
separate documents (ISO 9001, ISO 9002 & ISO 9003) were removed and the ISO 9002 & ISO 9003
standards were rendered obsolete. From 2000 onward, companies could not have their Quality
Management System certified to ISO 9002 or ISO 9003, and a company could only certify an ISO
9001 Quality Management System.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
An international nongovernmental organization made up of national standards bodies; it develops and
publishes a wide range of ownership, industrial, and commercial standards and is comprised of
representatives from various national standards organizations.
ISO Committees
• Ulrika Francke – ISO President
• Christoph Winterhalter - ISO Vice-President (policy)
• Sauw Kook Choy - ISO Vice-President (technical management)
• Mitsuo Matsumoto - ISO Vice-President (finance)
• Jacqueline Curzon - ISO Treasurer
• Sergio Mujica - ISO Secretary
ISO 9002: 1987
• When ISO 9002 was first published in 1987, it was designed specifically for organizations that
were involved in production, installation and servicing.
• The standard is in fact identical to the ISO 9001 standard in all but one respect-ISO 9002 is
only for manufacturers who do not design and develop their own products. This is because the
standard does not include any design control requirements.
• As a result, the standard was most useful for firms who manufactured other people’s designs.
An example may be one of the companies such as Foxconn or Pegatron who manufacture iPhones
on behalf of Apple. These manufacturers did not design the products they’re making – they were
designed by Apple – so ISO 9002 may have been a good choice at the time for those third-party
manufacturers.
ISO 9003: 1987
• Similarly, ISO 9003 was like ISO 9001 with some parts taken out. Specifically, the standard did
not include design control, process control, purchasing or servicing.
• Instead, it focused specifically on inspection and testing, with the objective of ensuring that
products and services met the specified requirements.
• As a result, this ISO standard was used almost exclusively by warehouse and resale industries
which stocked and sold third-party parts or product, but didn’t design or manufacture them.
 These organizations would usually have to ensure that the products they purchased and re-sold
met the expectations of their customers.
ISO 14001
• ISO 14001 is an Environmental Management System (EMS) which provides a system for
measuring and improving an organization’s environmental impact.
• The ISO 14001 standard is the most important standard within the ISO 14000 series and it is
considered as the most successful environmental management standards. ISO 14001 specifies the
requirements of an environmental management system (EMS) for small to large organizations.
• Businesses worldwide have implemented this standard to efficiently reduce their impact on the
environment and increase their financial bottom-line
ISO 45001
• Published in March 2018
• According to the International Labour Organization, more than 7600 people die from work-
related accidents or diseases every single day. That’s why an ISO committee of occupational
health & safety experts set to work to develop an International Standard with the potential to
save almost three million lives each year.
• ISO 45001, Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) management system, it is the world’s first
OH&S international standard. It will help thousands of organizations to provide a safe and
healthy workplace for their workers and other people, prevent deaths, work-related injury and ill
health, and to continually improve their OH&S performance.
• BS (British Standard) OHSAS 18001 (dating international standard) has been replaced by
ISO 45001 the new international standard for occupational health and safety management.
• Organizations certified to OHSAS 18001 was given a three-year period to transfer to ISO
45001.
• OHSAS – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT SERIES
• OHSAS 18001 details can also be seen in ISO 45001, principles can be recognized but many
enhancements are delivered in ISO 45001 including stronger leadership, better worker
involvement and a focus on health, particularly mental health.
ISO 50001
• It is an Energy Management System (EnMS) the purpose of implementing a standard is to allow
your organization to establish a system to continually improve its energy performance.
• ISO 50001 is based on the management system model of continual improvement also used for
other well-known standards such as ISO 9001 or ISO 14001. This makes it easier for
organizations to integrate energy management into their overall efforts to improve quality
and environmental management.
ISO 50001 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to:
• Develop a policy for more efficient use of energy
• Fix targets and objectives to meet the policy
• Use data to better understand and make decisions about energy use
• Measure the results
• Review how well the policy works, and
• Continually improve energy management.
Some of its complementary standards are:
ISO 50002: from the year 2014
• Framework for finding energy performance improvement opportunities
• Using this standard, organizations implementing ISO 50001 have a traceable and verifiable
audit trail of how each energy performance improvement opportunities came to be. This is
particularly useful when preparing an ISO 50001 energy review.
ISO 50003: from the year 2014
• Framework for certification bodies in ISO 50001
• ISO 50003 is developed to address the additional requirements placed on Certification Bodies
providing ISO 50001 certification services. This standard describes the competences of lead
 energy management systems auditors, minimum information to audit, the duration of audits and
requirements for multi-site sampling.
ISO 50004: from the year 2014
• Guidance for implementing ISO 50001
• ISO 50004, like ISO 9004 and ISO 14004, gives organization examples on how to implement,
maintain and improve their ISO 50001-based energy management system.
ISO 50006: from 2014
• Framework for setting appropriate energy baselines and energy performance indicators
• ISO 50001 introduced a new and timely concept called “energy performance”. This is an important
concept because it is similar to “key performance indicators” many business managers would be
familiar. It is also important as it defines, for a very first time, energy savings can be achieved
by many means: energy use, energy consumption, and energy efficiency.
ISO 50015: from 2014
• Framework for verifying improvements in energy performance
• Although strictly not a requirement of ISO 50001, the ability to measure and verify energy
savings ensure data-based calculations, increased traceability and verifiability of energy savings
claims. ISO 50015 describes standardized steps to quantify and verify the effectiveness of
energy performance improvement projects against its intended (or planned) outcome.
ISO membership
Standards impact an estimated 80% of world commodity trade. If you are not a full and active member
of ISO, you are letting others decide how standards are set and under what conditions your country
participates in international trade.
ISO membership comes with rights, benefits, good practice and obligations: you need to actively take up
your rights and benefits, follow good practice and adhere to your obligations, to deliver excellence in the
ISO system and to ISO customers globally.
Depending on your member category, you have up to four statutory member rights. These are
rights to:
1. Participate in developing ISO standards
2. Sell ISO standards and publications, and use copyright and the ISO name and logo
3. Participate in developing ISO policy
4. Participate in governing ISO
These member rights come with statutory obligations and are implemented according to good practice.
ISO and its members are also bound by legal obligations, for example on competition or anti-trust,
protection of personal data and copyright.
As an ISO member:
You have access to the largest, global, multi-stakeholder standards community.
Our member countries generate some 98% of world gross national income (GNI) and;
Represent around 97% of the world’s population.
ISO has one member per country.
As the national representative of ISO, you are the organization most representative of
standardization in your country. You can delegate membership rights and obligations to other
organizations but you remain responsible to the other ISO members.
ISO is an inclusive organization with three member categories: subscriber, correspondent and full
member (or member body). As the table below shows, the categories give increasing access to, and
influence in, the ISO system:
Full members (or member bodies):
• influence ISO standards development of international standards, governance, and strategy by
participating and voting in ISO technical and policy meetings
• sell and adopt ISO International Standards and publications nationally through ISO name and
logo by copyright.
Correspondent members:
• participates the same with full members however, they are not allowed to govern the
organization.
• observe the development of ISO standards and strategy by attending ISO technical and policy
meetings as observers.
Subscriber members can only participate in developing international standards and nothing else.
FULL CORRESPONDENT SUBSCRIBER
MEMBERS MEMBERS MEMBERS
Participating in developing International YES YES YES
Standards
Participating in developing policy YES YES NO
Selling ISO standards and publications, using YES YES NO
copyright and the ISO name and logo
Participating in governing ISO YES NO NO
In addition to the permissible member rights, members also have benefits according to their member
category. These include:
• IT tools and services – Wherein they provide many information technology (IT) tools for you to
carry out your national and international standards work effectively. You can use some or all of
the IT services as needed, depending on your membership category.
• ISO Academy - Offers support to members in two key areas: capacity building, and education
and research.
• Support for communication and promotion of standards - Provides communication materials and
training to help you communicate about ISOʼs activities and promote standardization and
standards to your stakeholders
Philippines is a member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
The Philippines took a formal approach to standardization in 1947, when the Division of Standards was
created under the Bureau of Commerce, Department of Commerce and Industry. In June 1964, after
realizing the need for standardization in line with the industrial and economic development of the nation,
the Philippine Congress enacted Republic Act 4109, converting the Division of Standards Under the
Bureau of Commerce into the Bureau of Standards to provide for the Standardization and/or
Inspection of Products and Imports of the Philippines and for Other Purposes.
The organization underwent several adjustments over the years to respond to the growing range of
services to industry, exporters and consumers, while raising organizational efficiency, effectiveness and
productivity.
According to Department of Trade and Industry, the representative of the Philippines is the DTI-
BPS, in the development of international standards in the ISO and IEC technical committees,
subcommittees, and working groups of the products which the country prioritizes. They also engage
stakeholders in the country to develop the Philippines’ position on draft ISO and IEC standards.
The Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) was conferred its present mandate under various laws,
principally Republic Act 4109, Executive Order 133 of 1987 “Reorganizing the Department of Trade
and Industry, Its Attached Agencies and for Other Purposes” and the Consumer Act of the
Philippines, Republic Act 7394 of 1992 which declares that it is the policy of the State to protect the
interests of the consumer, promote his general welfare and to establish standards of conduct for
business and industry.
The Bureau of Product Standards operates as a staff Bureau under the Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI) with 95 personnel.
Our has a total of 179 Technical Committee or TC PARTICIPATION with:
• 64 Participating Member
• 115 Observing Member
And 3 Policy development committee or PDC Participation with:
• 3 Participating member
• PDC - They are responsible for formulating legislative policy goals for the organization
ISO/DIS 14624-2
• Safety and compatibility of materials — Part 2: Determination of flammability of electrical-wire
insulation and accessory materials
• DIS – Draft International Standard
• DIS – end result of the work produced by a Working Group and approved by a Technical
Committee.
Introduction
Throughout this part of ISO 14624, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the use of the
imperative or the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by the use of the key word
“should” and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing serviceable,
economical and practical designs. Deviations from the recommended criteria may be made only after
careful consideration, extensive testing and thorough service evaluation have shown an alternative
method to be satisfactory.
Scope
This part of ISO 14624 specifies two test methods for determining the flammability of electrical-wire
insulation and accessory materials by exposure to an external ignition source in a static environment
(Test A) and in a gas-flow environment (Test B). Specifically, this test determines if a wire insulation
material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris
which can ignite adjacent materials.

Ambient conditions - environment with an oxygen concentration of 20.9 ± 0.2 %, a pressure of 101.325 ±
5 kPa), and a temperature of 23 ± 5 °C). When the Oxygen level dips below 19.5%, the air is considered
Oxygen-deficient.
Burn length - distance from the ignition location (point directly above the igniter) to the farthest
evidence of flame consumption damage or flame attachment point to the test specimen’s insulation
material as determined by visual observation, visual/ physical post-test examination, video of burn,
and/or other means
Note 1 to entry: Burn length distance includes areas of partial or complete combustion, charring or
embrittlement, but does not include heat affected areas which may have been damaged only by the heat
of the flames emanating from sample consumption below. Heat affected areas appear as sooted,
stained, warped or discolored, or areas where the material has shrunk or melted away from the
heat. In some cases, the flame may propagate beyond the farthest evidence of damage to the test
specimen

Soot – lampblack or carbon black – a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a
product of incomplete combustion. A major component of soot is black carbon.
Char - partially burn (an object) so as to blacken its surface.
Embrittlement – significant decrease of ductility of a material. It is used to describe any phenomena
where the environment compromises a stressed material’s mechanical performance, such as temperature
or environmental composition.
Burn propagation time - Time that elapses from ignition of the specimen until flame propagation stops
Chemical ignitor - Ignitor validated to strict specifications in order to produce a flame that meets all of
the requirements for an ignition source
Good laboratory practice (GLP) - Practice which involves the testing of standard reference materials to
verify data accuracy and repeatability. In addition, the test facility shall successfully demonstrate the
ability to obtain repeatable data when testing a selected material. The authority having jurisdiction shall
choose appropriate GLP materials and shall determine the frequency of testing these materials for its
test facilities
Maximum allowable oxygen concentration - the highest oxygen concentration (percentage by volume), in
an oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere, at which five specimens pass the acceptance criteria of this test,
without a failure, and one or more of the specimens fail the test if the oxygen concentration is
increased by an arbitrary increment, typically 1%
Self-extinguishing - phenomenon in which the burn length on a standard specimen does not exceed
150 mm
Standard test specimen - Representative part wire with insulation materials, taken from a quantity of
material or fabricated per required preparation method, meeting following minimum dimensions:
• length = 1.2 m with active length of 300 mm
Note 1 to entry: Wire configuration and end use application should be considered in determining what
constitutes a representative test specimen. Features such as wire conductor size, number of conductors,
insulation materials, insulation thickness can impact flammability.
Transfer of burning debris - movement of any material from a burning specimen with sufficient energy
to ignite adjacent material.
Worst-case test configuration - test configuration that simulates worst-case anticipated use
conditions including wire configuration, test pressure, test temperature, and oxygen concentration.
Note 1 to entry: Worst-case represents the cumulative effect of multiple factors that increase the
probability that a wire will be flammable; wire configuration, increased oxygen concentration,
increased pressure, increased temperature, etc. Furthermore, oxygen concentration (percentage
volume) is typically the primary driver of flammability and should be prioritized over pressure when
examining for worst-case conditions.

ISO Trivia’s
1. The term ISO (as in ISO standard) derives from the Greek word “isos,” which means equal,
because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in
different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de
normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO.
2. ISO is the world’s largest developer of voluntary International Standards
3. It’s Voluntary. The adoption of all standards published by ISO, is voluntary in nature.
4. China is the country with the highest number of issued ISO certifications followed by Italy

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

ITU ELECTED OFFICIALS
General Secretariat
• He/she manages the administrative and financial aspects of the Union’s activities, including the
provision of conference services, planning and organization of major meetings, information
services, security, strategic planning, and corporate functions such as: communications, legal
advice, finance, personnel, procurement, internal audit, etc.
• The mission of the General Secretariat is to provide high-quality and efficient services to the
membership of the Union
• He/she is headed by a secretary-general.
ITU Management Team (2019-2022)
Mr. Houlin Zhao – Secretary-General
• The Secretary-General is responsible for the overall management of the Union and acts as its
legal representative.
• He was re-elected as ITU Secretary-General on 1 November 2018. He began his second, four-
year term on 1 January 2019. He coordinates all administrative aspects of the Union’s activities
to ensure the most effective and economic use of its resources. He focused closely on
membership-driven priorities including maintaining and extending ITU's commitment to
 accessibility, to multilingualism, and to broad multistakeholder participation in the work of the
Union.
Mr. Malcolm Johnson – Deputy Secretary General
• The Deputy-Secretary-General assists the Secretary-General in the performance of his duties
and performs other specific tasks entrusted to him by the Secretary-General.
• He was re-elected ITU Deputy Secretary-General on 1 November 2018 for a second four-year
term starting on 1 January 2019. He has focused on improving efficiency, channeling resources
into key activities, and delivering balanced budgets.
Mr. Mario Maniewicz – Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR)
• He is responsible for the management of the BR which organizes and coordinates the activities of
the Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). He was elected as Director of the ITU
Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018 in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates. He starts his term on 1 January 2019.
• As Director, Mr. Maniewicz is responsible for the management of the Radiocommunication Bureau
which organizes and coordinates the work of the Radiocommunication Sector whose aim is to
ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and
satellite orbits.
Dr. Chaesub Lee - Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
• The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) provides secretarial support for the work
of the ITU-T Sector and services for the participants in ITU-T work, diffuses information on
international telecommunications worldwide and establishes agreements with many international
Standards Development Organizations.
• He was elected Director of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau at the ITU
Plenipotentiary Conference 2014 (PP-14) and re-elected to this post for a second four-year term
at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018 (PP-18).
Ms. Doreen Bogdan-Martin - Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT)
• BDT work prioritizes those most in need- from people living in the world’s Least Developed
Countries to marginalized communities everywhere. BDT deals mainly with development policies,
strategies, programming, as well as technical cooperation activities to close the digital divide. To
effectively and efficiently serve the needs of Member States.
• She was elected Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau on the 1st of
November 2018. She took office on the 1st of January 2019 and is the first woman in ITU
history to hold one of the organization’s top elected management positions. Ms. Bogdan-Martin is
a strategic leader with more than 30 years’ high-level experience in international and inter-
governmental relations and a long history of success advising governments around the world on
policy and regulatory issues.
ITU Governing Bodies - ITU is governed by the Plenipotentiary Conference (PP) and the Administrative
Council.
Plenipotentiary Conference (PP)
• The highest policy-making body of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
• Held every four years, it is the key event at which ITU Member States decide on the future role
of the organization, thereby determining the organization’s ability to influence and affect the
development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) worldwide.
• Set the Union’s general policies
• Adopt the four-year strategic and financial plans
• Elect the senior management team of the organization, the Member States of the Council, and
the members of the Radio Regulations Board.
• Elect countries to serve on the ITU Council. This body meets annually and is empowered to govern
between Plenipotentiary Conferences.
ITU Council - acts as the Union’s governing body in the interval between Plenipotentiary Conferences
Held on a yearly basis, the Council reviews:
• General policy, strategy and planning issues
• Preparations for major ITU events
• Implementation of the strategic plan and activities of the Union coordinating work programs
• Revenue and expenditure and financial operating reports
• Membership issues
It also:
• Approves the biennial budget for two-year periods
• Approves rolling operational plans for the Sectors
• Addresses staff issues and implementation of the HR strategic plan

Membership
ITU’s growing and evolving membership of ITU is open to all member states of the United Nations.
There are currently 193 member states of the ITU, including all UN member states except the
Republic of Palau. The most recent member state to join the ITU is South Sudan, which became a
member on 14 July 2011.
193 Member States work together, upholding a long-established tradition of consensus, to advance the
development of information and communication technology across the world. ITU Member States cover
all regions of the world, from developed to developing countries, as well as least developed countries, and
small island states. Despite their wide range of needs and interests, ITU Member States come together
to forge a common vision and plan for ICT development across the globe.
+900 companies, universities, international and regional organizations and research institutes may
become a member of one or more Sectors as Sector Members, Associates or Academia. Joining ITU
allows them to participate

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES
• Sector Members - a group having some common interest in the objects of the Company as
determined from time to time
• Associates - typically focus on complex duties, such as managerial tasks, that prepare them for
senior positions. An interested entity or organization may join an ITU Sector as an Associate and
be entitled to take part in the work of a selected single Study Group or Working Group.
Associates may have access to documentation required for their work and may serve as
rapporteur or editor.
• Academia - who represent over 160 universities and research institutions around the world, help
our entire membership push boundaries on a wide range of issues. They build bridges between
disciplines, connect theory with application, and stimulate international dialogue.

THREE MAIN SECTORS

1. Radiocommunication (ITU-R) - allocating radio frequencies and managing satellite orbit and
access technologies. It plays vital role in the global management of the radio-frequency spectrum
and satellite orbits
2. Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T) - developing technical telecommunication
standards. It plays a crucial role in defining the core transport and access technologies that
underpin communications networks around the world
3. Telecommunication Development (ITU-D) - supporting development efforts to improve global
access to ICT. It works to close the digital divide and drive digital transformation to leverage
the power of ICTs for economic prosperity, job creation, digital skills development, gender
equality, diversity, a sustainable and circular economy, and for saving lives. Its work prioritizes
those most in need- from people living in the world’s Least Developed Countries to marginalized
communities everywhere
UNDER ITU-R
1. RADIOCOMMUNICATION BUREAU (ITU BR)
The Radiocommunication Bureau is the executive arm of ITU-R. BR is headed by Mr. Mario
Maniewicz elected Director responsible for the coordination of the work of the Sector, managing
professional and administrative teams of RADIOCOMMUNICATION BUREAU.
2. RADIOCOMMUNICATION ASSEMBLY (ITURA)
Radiocommunication Assemblies (RA) are responsible for the structure, programme and approval
of radiocommunication studies. They are normally convened every three or four years and may be
associated in time and place with World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs).
3. WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE (ITUWRC)
World radiocommunication conferences (WRC) are held every three to four years. It is the job of
WRC to review, and, if necessary, revise the Radio Regulations, the international treaty governing
the use of the radio-frequency spectrum and the geostationary-satellite and non-geostationary-
satellite orbits. Revisions are made on the basis of an agenda determined by the ITU Council,
which takes into account recommendations made by previous world radiocommunication
conferences.
The general scope of the agenda of world radiocommunication conferences is established four to
six years in advance, with the final agenda set by the ITU Council two years before the
conference, with the concurrence of a majority of Member States.
4. REGIONAL RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE (ITURRC)
A Regional Radiocommunication Conference (RRC) is a meeting held between members of the
International Telecommunication Union from one or more ITU Regions, but from the whole world.
Such a meeting is normally used to put in place an agreement on use of frequencies for services
such as broadcasting.
UNDER ITU-T
1. WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY (ITUWTSA)
The ITU World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) is the primary meeting of
the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) where the new leadership team and
work program for the sector is defined for the next four years. The recommendations and
resolutions that are approved shape the future direction of the Telecommunication
Standardization Sector and can pave the way for a much more expansive role beyond
ICTs/telecommunications to include work items related to new and emerging technologies.
2. TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION BUREAU (TSB)
The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) provides secretarial support for the work
of the ITU-T Sector and services for the participants in ITU-T work, diffuses information on
international telecommunications worldwide and establishes agreements with many international
Standards Development Organizations. TSB is headed by Dr. Chaesub Lee.
UNDER ITU-D
1. TELECOMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT BUREAU (BDT)
The work of the Telecommunication Development Sector is supported by its Secretariat, the
Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT). BDT deals mainly with development policies,
strategies, programming, as well as technical cooperation activities to close the digital divide.
2. WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE (ITUWTDC)
WTDCs set the strategies and objectives for the development of telecommunication/ICT,
providing future direction and guidance to the ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-
D). Held every four years, the World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC) is a
high-level platform for Member States to develop priorities, strategies and action plans to guide
the work of ITU-D over a four-year period. WTDC is a direct service to members providing them
the pre-eminent, high-level forum for discussion, information sharing and consensus building on
technical and policy issues relating to telecommunication/information and communication
technology (ICT) development.
Philippines – ITU
ITU was first founded in Paris at the year 1865.
An active member since 1912, the Philippines shares ITU’s commitment to achieve the Agenda for Global
Telecommunication/ ICT Development by serving as a member of several Council Working groups, co-
organizing ITU workshops and participating in various ICT development studies.

NAME ITU-R ITU-T ITU-D

Department of Information and Communications Technology
(DICT), QUEZON CITY
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), QUEZON CITY
Globe Telecom, Inc., TAGUIG X
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. (PLDT), MAKATI CITY X
Smart Communications, Inc. (SCI), MAKATI CITY X

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHOLOGY (DICT)

- Ang role nito ay ma’ensure na bawat Filipino ay may access to important ICT infrastructure and
services, while also ensuring the long-term growth of ICT – enabled industries na pwedeng
magkapagbigay ng posibleng mga trabaho.
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (NTC)
- The NTC is the sole body in charge of supervising, evaluating, and controlling all telecommunications
services and television networks throughout the country.
GLOBE TELECOM, INC
- The company runs the Philippines' largest mobile network as well as one of the country's largest fixed-
line and broadband networks. In terms of market capitalization, it is also the largest telecommunications
company in the country.
PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE CO. (PLDT)
- Kilala naman natin lahat kung ano ang PLDT diba? Isa siya sa sikat na WiFi company dito sa Philippines,
and it operates as most extensive fiber optic backbone and fixed line and cellular network. The
Company's wireless services are marketed under the “Smart”, “TNT”, and “Sun Cellular” brands, while its
fixed line services are marketed under “PLDT HOME” and “PLDT ENTERPRISE.”
SMART COMMUNICATIONS, INC (SCI)
- Advanced VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) intercom system that enables safe and secure
communication and access to buildings and people. MCC Electronics, a subsidiary of Pivot International,
works with the client to ensure the best engineering design.

ITU BENEFITS
1. Engage in real time standardization and stay at the forefront of technology
2. Break into new markets and expand your business
3. Increase your network and gain brand exposure
4. Build up your profile and strengthen your reputation
5. Contribute to global standards and best practices. Advise governments on ICT strategies and
technologies
6. Participate / Lead Study Groups on emerging issues in the ICT field
7. Get visibility on the international scene, share expertise and access training and specialized
seminars
8. Participate in global and regional conferences and debates Launch innovative public-private
partnerships
TERMINOLOGY
VOIP - the technology that converts your voice into a digital signal, allowing you to make a call directly
from a computer, a VoIP phone, or other data-driven devices. Simply put, it is phone service delivered
over the internet. Best example, calls, yung boses mo nasesend niya sa kabilang device using signal.
INTEROPERABILITY - the ability of different systems, devices, applications or products to connect
and communicate in a coordinated way, without effort from the end user.
- to exchange health information and use the information once it is received

Sample Standard
“Sample Standard that has been passed by the organization that is related to Electrical Engineering” So,
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a United Nations specialized agency for issues
concerning information and communication technologies (ICTs).
The ITU primarily deals with practical and technical questions within three main sectors:
(1) allocating radio frequencies and managing satellite orbit and access technologies (ITU-R); (2)
developing technical telecommunication standards (ITU-T); and (3) supporting development
efforts to improve global access to ICT (ITU-D).
For the first one, we have the allocating radio frequencies and managing satellite orbit
and access technologies or what we called “ITU-R”
ITU-R
The ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) plays a vital role in the global management of the radio-
frequency spectrum and satellite orbits - limited natural resources which are increasingly in demand
from a large and growing number of services such as fixed, mobile, broadcasting, amateur, space
research, emergency telecommunications, meteorology, global positioning systems, environmental
monitoring and communication services - that ensure safety of life on land, at sea and in the skies.
ITU-R manages the detailed coordination and recording procedures for space systems and earth
stations. Its main role is to process and publish data and to carry out the examination of frequency
assignment notices submitted by administrations for inclusion in the formal coordination procedures or
recording in the Master International Frequency Register.
ITU-R also develops and manages space-related assignment or allotment plans and provides
mechanisms for the development of new satellite services by locating suitable orbital slots.
ITU-R accommodates the launch of new satellites as quickly and efficiently as possible. It facilitates any
new developments and the continuation of satellite services in a safe way. It also squeezes more into the
frequency bandwidth, which is a limited, finite resource. Our main concerns center on bringing high
speed satellite networks into service as well as the regulatory steps required for registering satellite
network frequency assignments.

Spectrum Management is the art and science of managing the use of the radio spectrum in order to
minimize interference and ensure radio spectrum is used to its most efficient extent and benefit for
the public. For USDOT (United State of America for Department of Transportation) this is focused on
supporting safe, efficient and economical transportation.
Radio spectrum is a limited resource that is rapidly approaching its limits. Demand for commercial
spectrum to support broadband wireless communications has led the government to consider repurposing
various radio frequencies, including the satellite communications bands next to GPS (Global Positioning
System).
Radio waves can propagate from transmitter to receiver in four ways: through ground waves, sky
waves, free space waves, and open field waves. Ground waves exist only for vertical polarization,
produced by vertical antennas, when the transmitting and receiving antennas are close to the surface of
the earth.
Fixed-Satellite services means a radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions,
when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point
within specified areas.
Broadcasting services means a radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for
direct reception by the general public. This service may include sound transmissions, television trans-
missions or other types of transmission. Example of Broadcast Media are:
• Television
• Radio
• Internet media like websites, blogs and podcasts.
Science services means the work and services performed by Braintech to develop new algorithms or
Improvements to existing algorithms and techniques that will be used to develop a VGR (Vision Guided
Robotics) Application or part of a VGR Application.
Mobile services are a company that sells wireless connectivity to customers for cellphone data and
telephone calls. It may also be called a mobile network operator, a mobile carrier, cellular company or
wireless service provider.
Fixed services are a radiocommunication service between specified fixed points. Specific distant.

ITU-T
The Study Groups of ITU’s Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) assemble experts from
around the world to develop international standards known as ITU-T Recommendations which act as
defining elements in the global infrastructure of information and communication technologies (ICTs).
Standards are critical to the interoperability of ICTs and whether we exchange voice, video or data
messages, standards enable global communications by ensuring that countries’ ICT networks and devices
are speaking the same language.
The ITU promotes the shared global use of the radio spectrum, facilitates international cooperation in
assigning satellite orbits, assists in developing and coordinating worldwide technical standards, and works
to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world.
SMART COMMUNICATIONS
Anticipating the liberalization of the telecommunications industry in the Philippines in 1992, Smart (then
named Smart Information Technology, Inc.) was organized in January 24, 1991 by a group of Filipino
investors led by Orlando B. Vea and David T. Fernando.
The Company obtained its congressional franchise in April 1992 and was granted a provisional authority
to operate a mobile cellular service in May 1993. In December 1993, Smart commenced commercial
operations of its cellular service.
PLDT or Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
is a Philippine telecommunications, internet and digital service holdings company. It is one of the
country's major telecommunications providers, along with Globe Telecom and startup Dito
Telecommunity. Founded in 1928, it is the oldest and largest telecommunications company in the
Philippines, in terms of assets and revenues. The company's core businesses are fixed-line
telecommunications, mobile telephony services, broadband, and internet of things services under various
brands. It also has investments in broadcasting, print media, utilities, and direct-to-home satellite
services, among others.
As of 2019, PLDT is listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (the only
Philippine company to be listed in NYSE) and is being controlled by First Pacific, a Hong Kong-based
investment management company; Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, through its subsidiaries; and JG
Summit, a major conglomerate that operates the airline Cebu Pacific, food manufacturer Universal
Robina, and real estate firm Robinsons Land.
DITO TELECOMMUNITY
formerly known as Mindanao Islamic Telephone Company, Inc. or Mislatel is a telecommunications
company in the Philippines which is also engaged in the business of multimedia and information
technology. It is a consortium of Davao businessman Dennis Uy's Udenna Corporation (through its
subsidiary Dito CME Holdings Corporation), and Chinese state-owned China Telecommunications
Corporation, a parent company of China Telecom.
Dito Telecommunity began its commercial operations on March 8, 2021. As of August 2022, Dito's total
mobile subscriber base reached 12 million. Dito gave out a free data allocation of 1 gigabyte for each
subscriber when it hit a million customers three months after its official rollout.
GLOBE TELECOM
Globe Telecom, Inc. (GLO) was originally incorporated on January 16, 1935 as Globe Wireless Limited
with a franchise to operate wireless long distance message services in the Philippines. The Company
eventually changed its name to the present one in 1992, and welcomed Singapore Telecom, Inc. as a new
foreign partner the following year.
GLO is a telecommunications company that provides digital wireless communication services nationwide
under the "Globe Postpaid", "Globe Prepaid", and "TM" brands using a fully digital network. The Company
also offers domestic and international long distance communication services or carrier services. GLO
currently has 86.8 million mobile subscribers (including fully mobile broadband), 3.7 million Home
Broadband customers, and 1.3 million landline subscribers.
CONVERGE ICT
Converge was established in 1996 as the ComClark Network and Technology Corp. by Dennis Anthony
Uy in 1996 at Angeles City.
In 2009, the Congress of the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 9707, to grant Converge ICT
Solutions Inc. the franchise to construct, install, establish, operate, and maintain a telecommunication
system throughout the Philippines.
In 2020, Converge ICT Solutions Inc. debuted in the Philippine Stock Exchange through an initial public
offering.
In 2021, Uy told local media that a deal “is on” with Satellite Internet provider Starlink.