Khilafat Movement

KEY POINTS
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
1. During World War-1, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the War in favour of
Germany.
2. But Turkey and Germany lost the War and the allied forces decided to divide the
Tukey and put an end on the organization of Caliphate.
3. As a result, the allied forces succeeded in their mission and Turkey was divided.
4. The Indian Muslims realized that this is our religious duty to help the Muslim
country. It was the extra territorial attached based on Islam.
5. The Indian Muslims considered that Ottoman Caliphate was a symbol of unity of
the Muslim world as Ummah.
6. This was the first major political movement of India wherein the common people
were involved.
7. The Muslims rendered their services for the protection and restoration of Khilafat
Movement but could not be succeeded.
8. The Muslims of India decided to launch a movement that could safeguard the
institution of Caliphate and to marked their dislike over the actions of Allied
forces which has been taken in Turkey.
9. As a consequence, All India Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919,

wherein the Khilafat Committee discussed the issues. The first Khilafat
Conference was held at Delhi in November 1919, in which the Congress leaders
like Gandhi and Nehru were participated in the meeting. The congress also
supported the Khilafat Movement as well as the other major political parties also
joined their hands in favour of the injustice with the Muslims community.
10. The following decisions were taken in the Conference i.e. boycotted the British
goods, non-cooperation with the government.
11.DEMANDS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

- The Turkish empire should not be divided.
- The institution of Caliphate must be retained
- The holy place should remain in the custody of Turkish government.
12. The purpose of demands was to protect the Ottoman Empire.
ROWLETT ACT
- Rowlett Act was black law introduced in India by the British. According to this
law the government has the authority to persecute any Indian and arrested
had no facility of legal assistance and right to appeal just as the ‘Lettres de
Cachet’ in France before the French Revolution. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah resigned from the Central Legislature as a protest.
- This was a law which the British government passed for arresting, detaining
people who involved in the criminal activities. In this response, Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah delivered critical speeches in the legislative council
and outside and ultimately he resigned from his seat of the assembly in
protest against the law.
- JALLIANWALA BAGH INCIDENT
- The second issue was the ‘Jallianwal Bagh’ which was situated in the city of
Amritsar. A meeting was held against the backdrop of Rowlett Act and
different kind of people were also present. The British government had
become more worried and posted a unit of the Army who went into the
garden blocked all the entrance points and began shooting directly on the
people and several hundred people were killed and seriously wounded which
created a major uproar throughout India.
- HIJRAT MOVEMENT 1920-21
When Khilafat movement was at its peak, in the meantime a voice arose from
Lucknow declaring the India sub-continent as Dar-ul-Harb (home of War),
urging the Muslims to migrate from their homeland on the plea of few Ulama
of India as a result of their inability to compete against the aggressive steps
of the British, they ought to go somewhere else.
- “Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Moulana Abdul Bari Farangi, Moulana

Muhammad
Ali and Moulana Abdul Majeed Sindhi issued a Fatwa which declared
migration
from India Dar-ul-Harb (home of war) to Dar-ul-Aman (home of peace)
desirable
for the Muslims of India after World War I. Nazims were appointed in every
big city
and a central office was established in Delhi known as Khuddam-ul-
Muhajireen to
motivate Muslims for migration”.
- Giving importance to the announcement of Ulema most of the Muslims

decided to
migrate to the nearest Muslim country Afghanistan, which was thought a
suitable
for their shelter. Muslims of the Indian sub-continent were unable to spend
their life
according to teachings of Islam and Islamic culture under British rule. Hijrat
movement was considered such an important virtue that the Muslims were
not even
made to hear a minor word in opposition of the movement and it became so
dominant
that even Non-cooperation Movement paled before it.
- END OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
The Khilafat Movement that was started by the Muslims of the British India
for the retention of the institution of the Ottoman Empire and for retaining the
control of the Muslims holy places, that movement gradually failed out. How
that did happen a number of developments from 1921 to onward contributed
to that. Some of them are mentioned below:
MOPLAH REVOLT MALABAR COAST, NEAR KALICUT:
This incident took place in 1921.Moplahs were the descendants of the Arab
Muslims
settled in the Sub-Continent even before the arrival of Muhammad Bin Qasim.
In
August 1921, they revolted against Hindu landlords whose treatment was very
brutal
with them. The issue was not the religious but was led to safeguard their
rights.
“The uprising was against the injustice against the suffering which the
Moplas were
facing and as they revolted the police took the side of the landlords.”
THE 2ND INCIDENT WAS THE INCREASE IN VIOLENCE:
when in 1920 Non Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhi it was

argued that this would be a peaceful Movement, this would be a nonviolent
movement but the
Indians would demonstrate against the British in a peaceful manner even the
British
will use force on them they will not respond. However with the passage of
time
violence entered this non-cooperation there was an increase in violence day
by day
and the Chorachori Incident (UP) in February 1922 worsened the situation.
Chora Chori is a small place in Uter Pradesh (UP) and here what happened
was the
Congress activist attacked a police station as a part of agitation against the
British.
DEVELOPMENTS IN TURKEY:
3rd and most significant development relates to Turkey itself, things began to
change
in Turkey. The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on
Khilafat movement in the sub-continent and he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed, a
helpless Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an institution, due to this all
agitational
activities came to an end in the Sub-continent.
“In 1922 Ataturk who was in the military service in the Ottoman Empire
emerged
as a national leader. He collected his colleagues and undertook the operation
against
the occupying foreign forces and he was able to expel the foreign forces
which
strengthened his position.
“In 1922 Ataturk who was in the military service in the Ottoman Empire
emerged
as a national leader. He collected his colleagues and undertook the operation
against
the occupying foreign forces and he was able to expel the foreign forces
which
strengthened his position.”
In Nov, 1922 the new political developments under Ataturk that had
developed there
restricted the powers of the Sultan. Infact Sultan Abdul-Hamid was replaced
by
another person, then in October 1922 Ataturk was elected as the head of the
state,
he was appointed Chief of the state by Grand National Assembly. Turkey
became
Republic and in March 1924 the Grand National Assembly the parliament of
Turkey
abolished the institution of Khilafat. In March 1924, Khilafat was abolished.

Khilafat Movement

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KEY POINTS

9. As a consequence, All India Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919,

11.DEMANDS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

- The institution of Caliphate must be retained

- The holy place should remain in the custody of Turkish government.

12. The purpose of demands was to protect the Ottoman Empire.

- JALLIANWALA BAGH INCIDENT

- HIJRAT MOVEMENT 1920-21

- “Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Moulana Abdul Bari Farangi, Moulana

- Giving importance to the announcement of Ulema most of the Muslims

- END OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

MOPLAH REVOLT MALABAR COAST, NEAR KALICUT:

THE 2ND INCIDENT WAS THE INCREASE IN VIOLENCE:

when in 1920 Non Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhi it was

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