Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.

Lesson 6e: Mammals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. True or False: Write T for True and F for False. T

____12. Mammals skin is generally thicker than in other classes of
T All mammals have hair.
____1. vertebrates.

F Except for aquatic mammals, all animals have hair.

____2. F
____13. Carnivores have a high protein diet, thus their digestive
tracts must be longer to accommodate the food being
T Mammals’ nervous system is the most advanced among all
____3.
digested.
other animal groups.
F
____14. Carnivores have less leisure time because most of their time
F
____4. Because mammals have a reduced number of ribs, their
is spent on finding and killing prey.
spinal column is less flexible and more rigid than others.
T
____15. The smaller the animal, the greater is its metabolic rate and
T
____5. All non-mammalian synapsid groups became abundant
the more it must eat per unit size.
when dinosaurs became abundant.
F
____16. The amount of food varies in proportion to the body weight
F Hair grows continuously in the follicle along with new hairs.
____6.
rather than the body surface area.
F Ruminant herbivores have a huge 3-chambered stomach.
____7.
F
____17. Larger mammals spend much more time hunting and
T Mammals are the most highly differentiated group in the
____8. eating food than smaller mammals.
animal kingdom.
T
____18. Gestation is longer than in marsupials and is much longer
F As with all vertebrates, skin is made of epidermis and dermis.
____9. for large mammals.
In mammals, the epidermis becomes much thicker than the
F
____19. Humans are faster at developing than any other mammal;
dermis.
this contributes to their uniqueness.
T
____10. Mammals do not continuously replace teeth
T
____20. Gestation and body size are loosely correlated because
F
____11. Insectivores have reduced or absent canines but have there is variation in maturity at birth.
broad and high-crowned molars.
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
II. Identification: Write your answer on the blanks provided below. trithelodonts a small carnivorous group within the
11. __________________,
hair
1. ______________ is a critical sign of being a mammal cynodont clade resembled mammals.
placenta to feed the
2. Most mammals have a specialized ______________ lumbar ribs
12. Loss of ______________ _________ in cynodonts is correlated with
embryo. diaphragm and also may have provided
the evolution of a ______________
habitat destruction
3. ______________ ________________ is a factor in 300 species and greater dorso-ventral flexibility of the spinal column.
subspecies being considered endangered. milk _________
13. The epidermis thickens to form a __________ line along
synapsids were the first amniotes to radiate widely into
4. ______________ mammae appear.
which _____________
terrestrial habitats. turbinate bones provide a high surface area for warming
14. _____________
diphyodonts
5. The earliest mammals of the late Triassic were ___________________ and moistening inspired air and for reducing moisture loss during
animals that initially had deciduous teeth and consecutively had exhalation.
permanent teeth. 15. Herbivores use anaerobic fermentation chambers so
_____________ _________________
rapid ___________________
6. Hair grows continuously by _________ proliferation of cells in microorganisms can metabolize cellulose. A side pocket or
the follicle. cecum
_________ may also serve as a fermentation chamber and
cynodonts were the last therapsids subgroup to evolve and
7. ______________ absorptive area.
survive into the Mesozoic. 16. The ultimate number of young produced per year also
8. With the evolution of a new jaw joint between the dentary and mortality ________.
depends on the __________________ rate
squamosal bones in mammals, bones of the previous jaw joint, the fecal ___________
17. Hares, rabbits, and some rodents eat ___________ pellets in
articulate and ______________,
______________ quadrate continued their gradual reduction order to provide additional fermentation.
in size and became relocated in the middle ear, where they 18. Female mammals usually restrict mating to a fertile period
malleus and ______________
became the ______________ incus , respectively. during the periodic estrous cycle. This time of female receptivity is
secondary ___________
9. A _____________ palate allowed mammals to breathe while heat or estrous.
known as _______
holding prey or chewing food. This would be important later to delayed
19. Some animals lengthen the gestation period by _________________
mammal evolution by allowing young to breathe while suckling. implantation Here, the blastocyst remains dormant while its
________________.
therapsids were the only synapsid group to survive beyond
10. ________________ implantation in the uterine wall is postponed to align birth with a
erect gait
the Paleozoic. They were the first to have an efficient _______________ favorable season.
with upright limbs beneath the body.
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
embryonic diapause
20. ______________ _____________ is a period of arrest where the IV. Fill the Tables: Fill in the following table with the correct answer.
development of the embryo is temporarily suspended.
1-4. fish reptiles birds mammals
III. Enumeration: Enumerate what is asked of.
heterodont/ 1. 2. 3. 4.
A. Functions of Hair homo homo none hetero
homodont
1. protection
__________________________________ teeth/none
waterproof
2. __________________________________
3. concealment
__________________________________ 5-12. incisors canines premolars molars
buoyancy
4. __________________________________
1/2/3/4/5 5. 3 6. 1 7. 4 8. 3
signaling
5. __________________________________
sensitive vibrissae
6. __________________________________ deciduous/ 9. 10. 11. 12.
permanent ----------------deciduous--------------- permanent
7. thermal insulation
__________________________________
B. 3 Layers of Hair
8. medulla/pith
__________________________________ 13-14. animals with 1 annual animals with recurrent
breeding season breeding
9. cortex
__________________________________
monoestrous/ 13. 14.
10. cuticle
__________________________________ monoestrous polyestrous
polyestrous
C. 2 Types of Sweat Glands
eccrine
11. __________________________________
apocrine
12. __________________________________ 15- monotremes eutherians marsupials

D. 2 Types of Species in terms of obtaining food sources oviparous/ 15. 16. 17.
specialists
13. __________________________________
viviparous/ oviparous viviparous viviparous
ovoviviparous
generalists
14. __________________________________
prolonged 18. 19.
E. 4 Types of Animals according to their diet gestation/ gestation lactation
omnivores
15. __________________________________ lactation
herbivores
16. __________________________________
carnivores
17. __________________________________
insectivores
18. __________________________________
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
V. Matching Type: Choices may be repeated. C These are tubular and highly coiled glands that can only be
____7.
found in mammals. They can’t be found in any other vertebrate.
A. mammary glands N. dense & soft underhairs
R This layer is composed of imbricated scales
____8.
B. integumentary glands O. coarse & long guard hairs
C. sweat glands P. medulla E These glands serve as a dressing to keep the skin and hair
____9.
pliable and glossy. Most mammals have these glands all over their
D. scent glands Q. cortex
entire body, usually in hair follicles.
E. sebaceous glands R. cuticle
L
____10. The dense protein found in nails, claws, hooves and
F. vibrissae S. leukemism
feathers.
G. teeth T. albinism
A
____11. These are modified apocrine glands that are rudimentary
H. incisors U. insectivores
in males and increase size during maturity in females.
I. canines V. herbivores
J. premolars W. carnivores P
____12. This layer is in the center of the hair.

K. molars X. omnivores V
____13. Horses, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep and goats are
L. keratin Y. monotremes examples of this type of animal.

M. melanin Z. marsupials U/W

____14. This type of animal has a small digestive tract.
O
____15. This hair type provides coloration.
Z These are pouched, viviparous mammals.
____1.
G
____16. These reveal the life habits of a mammal.
Q This layer is next to the medulla and has pigment granules.
____2.
I
____17. This teeth type is specialized for piercing
B These glands are derived from the epidermis and have the
____3. J
____18. This teeth type has compressed crowns with 1 or 2 cusps for
greatest variety in mammals.
shearing and slicing
S This is an animal condition in which there is partial loss of
____4.
H
____19. This teeth type has sharp edges for snipping and biting
pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration. An
example of this condition is white winter fur. K
____20. This teeth type has larger bodies and variable cusp
arrangements for crushing and grinding
N This hair type serves for insulation by trapping a layer of air.
____5.
V
____21. This type of animal has a long digestive tract for the
A
____6. These glands are used to nourish newborn mammals.
prolonged time needed to digest fiber.
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
D
____22. These glands are used to communicate with members of
the same species, mark territories and warn other animals.

Y
____23. These are mammals (such as the duck-billed platypus) that
lay eggs with 1 breeding season per year.

E
____24. Also called whiskers, these are sensory hairs that provide a
tactile sense to nocturnal mammals.

U
____25. Shrews, moles, anteaters and bats are examples of this
type of animal.

X
____26. This type of animal feeds on both plants and animals.

VI. Label the Diagrams: Fill in the blank boxes with the correct labels.
1-3. Anapsid, Diapsid and Synapsid

anapsid synapsid diapsid