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Unit III Question Bank

The document discusses resistive transducers, which function by varying electrical resistance in response to a physical input like displacement, force, pressure, temperature, or humidity. [1] Potentiometers, strain gauges, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and hot wire anemometers are examples of resistive transducers. [2] Strain gauges measure strain by detecting changes in electrical resistance that occur when the gauge is mechanically deformed. [3] RTDs and thermistors are used to measure temperature, with RTDs using metals and thermistors using semiconducting materials that exhibit a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

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110 views5 pages

Unit III Question Bank

The document discusses resistive transducers, which function by varying electrical resistance in response to a physical input like displacement, force, pressure, temperature, or humidity. [1] Potentiometers, strain gauges, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and hot wire anemometers are examples of resistive transducers. [2] Strain gauges measure strain by detecting changes in electrical resistance that occur when the gauge is mechanically deformed. [3] RTDs and thermistors are used to measure temperature, with RTDs using metals and thermistors using semiconducting materials that exhibit a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

Uploaded by

james R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OIC751 – Transducer Engineering

OIC751 Transducer Engineering


Unit III Resistive Transducers

Part A

1. What are resistance transducers? Give some examples.

Transducers based on the principle of variation in resistance are generally termed as


resistance transducers. Most of the variables like displacement, acceleration, vibration, force,
pressure. Temperature, etc., are transduced using this kind of transducers. Some of the
important transducers are listed as follows

 Potentiometer
 Resistance Temperature Detector
 Strain Gauge
 Thermistors
 Anemometers etc.

2. Write short notes on Potentiometer?

Potentiometer is a simplest resistive sensor which uses the theory of resistivity. For any
potentiometer, higher the meter resistance better will be the linearity. In other words, given a
meter with a resistance Rm, lower the potentiometer resistance, better will be the linearity.
But in practice the potentiometer resistance cannot be lowered much, since it will reduce the
sensitivity of measurement. The sensitivity can be increased by increasing the input voltage.
But this is practically not possible, since the potentiometers have definite power ratings. The
power ratings of the potentiometer will depend on the size, materials used and the
configuration and not the actual resistance value.

3. Write short notes on Strain Gauge.

A strain gauge is a devices whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to the amount of
strain in the device. If this conductor is subjected to a stress, there will be deformation in the
body. Due to this dimensional change, the resistance wire will also change.

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Unit 3: Resistive Transducer
OIC751 – Transducer Engineering

4. Define Gauge factor.

The gauge factor is defined as the unit resistance change per unit strain. The gauge factor is
dependent on three factors. They are listed as follows:

1. Resistance change due to length change


2. Resistance change due to area change
3. Resistance change due to piezo-resistance change

5. List out the types of Strain Gauge.

There are two major categories of strain gauge:

1. Metallic strain gauges


2. Semiconductor Strain gauges

Metallic Strain Gauge are further classified into

 un-bonded type
 bonded type

Semiconductor strain gauge exhibit highly non-linear characteristics. The gauge factor
decreases rapidly with increasing temperature due to increase in resistance. But at a given
temperature, the gauge sensitivity is constant and better.

6. What is a resistance Thermometer?

A resistance thermometer is a resistance transducer in which there is a resistive element


which is exposed to the temperature to be measured. Based on the variation in temperature
the resistance of the resistive element gets varied and thus called a resistance transducer.

7. What are the types of Resistance Thermometer?

Based on the materials of the resistive element, there are two types of resistance
thermometers.

1. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)


2. Thermistors

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Unit 3: Resistive Transducer
OIC751 – Transducer Engineering

8. What is Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)?

Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) is simply an electrical resistor what will change its
resistance when temperature changes. Especially, when temperature increases, the resistance
also increases and vice-versa. This is referred to as characteristics of a positive temperature
coefficient of resistance. Nickel, copper, and nickel-iron alloy are also some of the materials
used for RTD construction.

9. What are thermistors?

Thermistors are also called as semiconducting resistance temperature detector, since it uses
semiconducting materials for the resistance element in contraset to RTD which uses metals.
Thermistors are simply said to be thermal resistors with high negative temperature coefficient
of resistance. Thermistors are made up of manganese, nicke, copper, iron, uranium and
oxides of cobalt.

10. What is Hot wire anemometer and what are the types of hot wire anemometer?

Hot wire anemometer is also another type of transducer based on variation in resistance
principle. Its main application is gas flow measurement. There are two major types of hot
wire anemometer:

1. Constant Temperature Type (CTT)


2. Constant Current Type (CCT)

11. Write short notes on Resistive pressure transducer.

In resistive pressure transducer, the change in resistance is purely based on the pressure
applied. To measure this unkown resistance, a Wheatstone bridge can be used which will give
the electrical output (ΔV) signal proportional to the change in resistance (ΔR).

12. Write short notes on Moisture based resistive transducer.

In moisture based resistive transducer, the electrical resistance of non-conducting solids


influenced by the moisture content of the sample. For measurements of resistance, sample
must be in physical contact with a pair of electrodes. An optimum pressure is maintained to
establish good contact between the sample and electrodes. Electrode structures are different
for different materials.

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Unit 3: Resistive Transducer
OIC751 – Transducer Engineering

13. List out the uses of humidity based resistive transducer

The purpose of humidity based transducers is for continuous recording and control of relative
humidity and such transducers are termed as Dunmorecells. Here, the sensor is basically a
resistance element that will change its resistance according to the presence of relative
humidity.

To measure the level, resistive transducer is preferred in which the relative coil or wire is
used as sensor. It is also called as resistive tapes, and they are used for water well auging and
subsequent for marine and industrial usage.

14. What is actuation depth in resistance tapes for level measurement?

- Actuation depth results from the built-in spring rate of the winding and of the jacket
and causes the uppermost helix contact to lag below the liquid surface by about
100mm of water.
- The actual actuation depth can be calculated as

4 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟 (100𝑚𝑚)
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝐴𝐷) =
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

- The actuation depth usually does not change with aging of the pipe, although it does
increase as the ambient temperature turns cold, due to the stiffening of the sheath
material.

Part B

1. With neat diagram, explain about the principle ,loading effect and characteristics of a
resistive potentiometer.

2. How a Strain gauge does work? Describe about the functioning of its different types

3. Explain in detail about the measurement of Strain using various types of strain gauges

4. With neat circuit diagrams, explain about ballast circuit and bridge circuits of strain gauge

5. Elaborate the construction, principle of working, materials chosen and applications of RTD
with its neat diagram.

6. How do you use a thermistor as resistive transducers? Explain.

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Unit 3: Resistive Transducer
OIC751 – Transducer Engineering

7. Explain the principle and working of hot wire anemometer with their neat diagrams.

8. How do you measure pressure and moisture using resistive transducer?

9. Describe in detail about the level measurement using resistive transducers.

10. How humidity based resistive transducer does work? Explain with its neat sketch.

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Unit 3: Resistive Transducer

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