Unix Lab Roll No: 121A3023

Name: Kshitij Sakpal PRN: 121A3023 Batch: E1

Experiment 1
AIM:
To study and installation of Linux Operating System.
THEORY:
WHAT IS LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM?
Linux is a community of open-source Unix like operating systems that are based on
the Linux Kernel. It was initially released by Linus Torvalds on September 17,
1991. It is a free and open-source operating system and the source code can be
modified and distributed to anyone commercially or noncommercially under the
GNU General Public License.
Initially, Linux was created for personal computers and gradually it was used in
other machines like servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers, etc.
Nowadays, Linux is also used in embedded systems like routers, automation
controls, televisions, digital video recorders, video game consoles, smartwatches,
etc.
Linux operating system has following components:

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LINUX AND WINDOW OPERATING

SYSTEM:
SR.NO LINUX WINDOWS

1. Linux is an open-source operating While windows are the not the

system. open-source operating system.

2. Linux is free of cost. While it is costly.

3. It’s file name case-sensitive. While its file name is case-

insensitive.

4. In Linux, monolithic kernel is used. While in this, micro kernel is

used.

5. Linux provides more security than While it provides less security

windows. than Linux.

LINUX OS FEATURES:

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The following are the features of the Linux Operating system:

1. Free and Open-Source
Linux is completely free of cost, and expenses are never a hindrance to using it as
an operating system.
2. Extremely Flexible
There are no prerequisites for installing an entire Linux suit. It allows a user to
install only the components that are required by the user.
3. Lightweight Infrastructure
Linux consumes lesser storage space, and its installation requires around 4GB to
8GB of disk space
4. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Even though Linux works on using the command line interface but it can be
converted to be used like windows having a Graphical user interface. This is done
mostly by installing packages. The most common way of having a GUI on the
Linux environment is to log in to Ubuntu server and install its desktop
environment.
5. End-to-end encryption
Linux allows end-to-end encryption while accessing data thus storing public keys
in the server. All data is password protected and provides authentication to users. It
also allows many security features and provides file permissions, a secure shell,
etc.
LINUX INSTALLATION STEPS:

1. Insert a bootable Linux USB drive.

2. Click the start menu. This is the button in the lower-left corner of your screen
that looks like the Windows logo.

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3. Then hold down the SHIFT key while clicking Restart. This will take you into
the Windows Recovery Environment.

4. Then select Use a Device.

5. Find your device in the list. If you don’t see your drive, choose EFI USB Device,
then pick your drive from the next screen.

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6. Your computer will now boot Linux. If your computer reboots Windows, there
was either an issue with your drive, or you might have to change settings in your
BIOS.
7. Select Install Linux. Some distros also let you try out the OS before installing it
here.

8. Go through the installation process. This will differ depending on which distro
you are trying to install. These details might include your Wi-Fi network,
language, time zone, keyboard layout, etc. You might also be required to create an
account with a username and password. Make sure to write down any details, as
you will likely need them in the future.

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9. Most distros will allow you to partition your drive or erase it and do a clean
install during the installation.
10. Reboot your computer when prompted. If you have more than one OS in your
system, you will be taken to a GNU GRUB screen after rebooting. This screen
allows you to select which OS you want to boot.

If you do not see a GRUB screen when you boot up your computer, you can try
moving your Linux distro higher on your boot list in BIOS.

When you’re done, you can do a hardware check. In some cases, you may need to
download additional drivers to make some hardware work. The option to download
drivers can be found in the systems Settings of your new Linux OS. After verifying
that your hardware is working properly, you can start exploring and using your
Linux distro.

CONCLUSION:
Hence, we have learned how to install Linux operating system and also installed it
successfully.

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