A paper battery uses a cellulose-based paper spacer with nanoscale electrodes to improve conductivity. It is thin, flexible, and environmentally friendly. The battery uses a carbon nanotube cathode, lithium anode, and electrolytes like blood, urine, or sweat between the paper separator. When dipped in liquid, ions move between the electrodes, generating electricity quickly for recharging. Stacking paper batteries increases output. Potential applications include portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys due to their light weight and low cost. However, carbon nanotubes used are expensive, and wastage risks harming lungs.
A paper battery uses a cellulose-based paper spacer with nanoscale electrodes to improve conductivity. It is thin, flexible, and environmentally friendly. The battery uses a carbon nanotube cathode, lithium anode, and electrolytes like blood, urine, or sweat between the paper separator. When dipped in liquid, ions move between the electrodes, generating electricity quickly for recharging. Stacking paper batteries increases output. Potential applications include portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys due to their light weight and low cost. However, carbon nanotubes used are expensive, and wastage risks harming lungs.
A paper battery uses a cellulose-based paper spacer with nanoscale electrodes to improve conductivity. It is thin, flexible, and environmentally friendly. The battery uses a carbon nanotube cathode, lithium anode, and electrolytes like blood, urine, or sweat between the paper separator. When dipped in liquid, ions move between the electrodes, generating electricity quickly for recharging. Stacking paper batteries increases output. Potential applications include portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys due to their light weight and low cost. However, carbon nanotubes used are expensive, and wastage risks harming lungs.
A paper battery uses a cellulose-based paper spacer with nanoscale electrodes to improve conductivity. It is thin, flexible, and environmentally friendly. The battery uses a carbon nanotube cathode, lithium anode, and electrolytes like blood, urine, or sweat between the paper separator. When dipped in liquid, ions move between the electrodes, generating electricity quickly for recharging. Stacking paper batteries increases output. Potential applications include portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys due to their light weight and low cost. However, carbon nanotubes used are expensive, and wastage risks harming lungs.
A paper battery is engineered to use a spacer formed largely of cellulose (the major constituent of paper). It incorporates nanoscopic scale structures to act as high surface-area electrodes to improve conductivity.
In addition to being unusually thin, paper batteries are flexible and environmentally-friendly, allowing integration into a wide range of products. Their functioning is similar to conventional chemical batteries with the important difference that they are non-corrosive and do not require extensive housing.
Construction
The major components used for the construction of paper battery include:
• Carbon Nanotube (CNT) used for cathode terminal
• Lithium metal (Li+) used for anode terminal • Different types of electrolytes that include blood, urine, and sweat (which are termed as bio-electrolytes) • Paper (Cellulose-Separator)
Steps for the Construction
Step 1: Take a cellulose-based paper and apply black carbon ink on it
Step2: Spread this ink applied on the paper
Step3: After spreading ink, laminate a thin film over the cellulose surface
Step4: Heat the cellulose paper for 5min at 80 degrees C
Step5: Then, peel off the film from the substrate
Step6: The electrodes of paper battery are formed by film. The electrolytes LTO and LCO are connected to different films
Step7: The functioning of paper battery can be checked by connecting battery terminals to the LED
Working
If once the paper of the battery is dipped in ion-based liquid, then the battery starts working i.e., electricity is generated by the movement of electrons from cathode terminal to anode terminal. This is due to the chemical reaction between the electrodes of paper battery and liquid. Due to the quick flow of the ions within a few seconds (10sec) energy will be stored in the paper-electrode during the recharging. By stacking various paper-batteries up on each other, the output of the paper battery can be increased. To avoid the short circuit between anode and cathode a barrier or separator is needed, which can be fulfilled by the paper separator.
Properties
The properties of paper battery can be recognized from the properties of cellulose such as excellent porosity, biodegradability, non-toxic, recyclability, high-tensile strength, good absorption capacity, and low-shear strength and also from the properties of carbon nanotubes such as low mass density, flexibility, high packing density, lightness, better electrical conductivity than silicon, thin (around 0.5 to 0.7mm), and low resistance.
Advantages
• Unlike the conventional batteries, paper battery can be used by folding, cutting, and rolling. • Paper battery functions as a battery as well as a capacitor. • Paper battery is a modern storage device with ultra-thin in size. • It has special properties such as more economical, biodegradable, and bio-compatible. • Paper battery can generate electrical energy of 1.5V. • The output voltage of paper battery can be customized based on requirement.
Disadvantages
• The carbon nanotubes used in paper battery are very expensive.
• The paper battery wastage may damage lungs if it is inhaled. • The e-wastage is generated by paper batteries. • Prone to tearing
Potential applications
• The paper-like quality of the battery combined with the structure of the nanotubes embedded within gives them light weight and low cost, offering potential for portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles and toys (such as model aircraft). • The batteries employ nanotubes, potentially slowing commercial adoption due to excessive cost. Commercial adoption also requires larger devices. E.g., a newspaper-sized device could be powerful enough to power a car. • Paper can be integrated into several different forms of batteries, such as electrochemical batteries, biofuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and nanogenerators.
***************************
Submitted by: Prince Anand ECE-VII Semester Roll No: 41620902818
