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Night Vision Technology

Night vision technology allows humans and machines to see in low-light conditions using either thermal imaging or image enhancement. Originally developed for the military, night vision provides strategic advantages and is now used by law enforcement and civilians. There are two types of night vision - biological in animals and technical using instruments. Technical night vision works using either thermal imaging that detects infrared light emitted as heat, or image intensification that amplifies available light. Common applications include military, hunting, security, navigation, wildlife observation, and hidden object detection.

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130 views4 pages

Night Vision Technology

Night vision technology allows humans and machines to see in low-light conditions using either thermal imaging or image enhancement. Originally developed for the military, night vision provides strategic advantages and is now used by law enforcement and civilians. There are two types of night vision - biological in animals and technical using instruments. Technical night vision works using either thermal imaging that detects infrared light emitted as heat, or image intensification that amplifies available light. Common applications include military, hunting, security, navigation, wildlife observation, and hidden object detection.

Uploaded by

016 Durgesh kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Night Vision Technology

The word ‘Night vision’ itself means the ability to see in low light conditions. Humans have poor
night vision compared to many other animals. Originally developed for military use, it has
provided the United States with a strategic military advantage, the value of which can be
measured in lives. Federal and state agencies now routinely utilize the technology for site
security, surveillance as well as search and rescue. Night vision equipment has evolved from
bulky optical instruments in lightweight goggles through the advancement of image
intensification technology.
Two technologies are used for night vision: -

1. Thermal Imaging
This work by collection the tiny amounts of light including the lower portion of infrared light
spectrum that are present but may be imperceptible to your eyes, and amplifying it to the point
that we can easily observe the image.

2. Image Enhancement
This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the infrared light spectrum, which is
emitted as heat by the objects instead of simply reflected as light. Hotter object, such as warm
bodies, emit more of this light than cooler objects like trees or buildings.

❖ Types of Night Vision


There are two type night vision such as

1. Biological Night Vision


In biological night vision, molecules of rhodopsin in the rods of the eye undergo a change in
shape as light is absorbed by them. Rhodopsin in the human rods is insensitive to the longer
red wavelengths of light. Some animals, such as cats, dogs, and deer, have a structure called
tapetumlucidum in the back of the eye that reflects light back towards the retina, increasing the
amount of light it captures. In humans, only 10% of the light that enters the eye falls on
photosensitive parts of the retina.

2. Technical Night Vision


A night vision device (NVD) is an optical instrument that allows images to be produced in levels
of light approaching total darkness. They are most often used by military and law enforce
agencies but are available to civilian users. In this technology various types of instruments are
used.

❖ Working of Technical Night Vision


Night vision can work in two very different ways depending on the technology used

1. Thermal Imaging System


In this technology various types of instruments are used Thermal Imaging. A special lens focuses
the infrared light emitted by all of the objects in view. The focused light is scanned by a phased
array of infrared-detector elements. The detector elements create a very detailed temperature
pattern called a thermogram.

Fig2: -The basic of thermal imaging system


It only takes about one-thirtieth of a second for the detector array to obtain the temperature
information to make the thermogram. This information is obtained from several thousand
points in the field of view of the detector array. The thermogram created by the detector
elements is translated into electric impulses. The impulses are sent to a signal-processing unit, a
circuit board with a dedicated chip that translates the information from the elements into data
for the display. The signal-processing unit sends the information to the display, where it
appears as various colors depending on the intensity of the infrared emission. The combination
of all the impulses from all of the elements creates the image.
1.1 Uncooled Detector
This the most common type of thermal imaging detector. The infrared elements are contained
in a unit that operates a room temperature. This type of system is completely quit and activate
immediately and the battery built right in.

1.2 Cooled Infrared Detector


More expensive and susceptible to damage from rugged used, this system has cooled inside a
container that cool them below zero c. These the of system can see more than 1000 ft(300m).

2. Image Intensifier
This method of night vision amplifies the available light to achieve better vision. Basically, the
original electrons collide with the side of the channel, exciting atoms and causing other
electrons to be released. These new electrons also collide with other atoms, creating a chain
reaction that results in thousands of electrons. The final stage of the image intensifier involves
electrons hitting a phosphor screen. The energy of the electrons makes the phosphor glows.
The visual light shows the desired view to the user or to an attached photographic camera or
video device. As shown in the diagram.
❖ Applications
These are the common applications of night vision technology
1. Military
2. Hunting
3. Security
4. Navigation
5. Wildlife observations
6. Hidden object detection

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Submitted by
Durgesh Kumar
Roll No: - 01620902818
ECE VII Sem

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