Concepto de Impedancia Aparente Primaria Ideal
Concepto de Impedancia Aparente Primaria Ideal
Concepto de Impedancia Aparente Primaria Ideal
Relés ABB
"We have no special equation for how the factors (RFPE<= 4.5 X1 and RFPP<= 3.0 X1) are
calculated. But these factors come from large experience and ABB are the recommendation in
order to avoid overreaching of distance protection. The resistive reach is set to cover a maximum
expected fault resistance (the fault resistance for phase faults includes the arc resistance only
whereas the resistance for earth faults include the arc resistance and tower foot resistance)”.
Please note that setting of fault resistance is the loop value whereas reactance setting is phase
value for phase faults. Remote end infeed will limit the possibility for each end to detect high ohm
faults so highest reasonable setting should be used.
Please note that this value (RFPE<= 4.5 X1 and RFPP<= 3.0*2 X1, shall be maximum 3 times on
ohms/phase) is not fixed for all line length or voltage level. It could be less or more than these
factors because it depends on the line Impedance, Voltage level and relay characteristic (Mho
characteristic is not the same quadrilateral characteristic).
Long lines have typical much lower factors (say 1.5-2*), short lines can even have higher than
above specified but then e.g. the X can be reduced to say 75%."
Relés SIEMENS