Shree Ambabai Talim Sanstha’s

SANJAY BHOKARE GROUP OF INSTITUTES, MIRAJ

FACULTY OF POLYTECHNIC
Institute Code: 1552

Department Of Civil Engineering

Micro Project Report
On

Recycling of plastic wastes obtained from various sources and study the
machineries and outcome product
Prepared By

Roll no. Enrolment No. Name

3101 2015520003 SARVESH SURESH MORE
3102 2015520007 ROHIT RAVINDRA SADAMATE

Under the Guidance of

Ms. K.I. Upasi

Submitted To

Maharashtra StateBoard of Technical Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Academic Year 2022-2023

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that following students,

Roll no. Enrolment No. Name

3101 2015520003 SARVESH SURESH MORE
3102 2015520007 ROHIT RAVINDRA SADAMATE

of 6th Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering , of Institute ATS Sanjay Bhokare

Group Of Institutes, Faculty Of Polytechnic, Miraj. (Code: 1552) has completed the
Micro-Project work satisfactorily in course Solid Waste Management (22605) for the
academic year 2022 to 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Miraj
Date:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Ms. K.I. Upasi Ms.S.S. Mujawar Mr. C.P. Divate

2
 Annexure – I

PART A – Micro-Project Proposal

RECYCLING OF PLASTIC WASTES OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES AND

STUDY THE MACHINERIES AND OUT COME PRODUCT
1.0 Brief Introduction
Plastic recycling is the processing of plastic waste into other products. Recycling can reduce dependence on
landfill, conserve resources and protect the environment from plastic pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions. Recycling rates lag those of other recoverable materials, such as aluminum, glass and paper.
Through 2015, the world produced some 6.3 billion tones of plastic waste, only 9% of which has been
recycled, and only ~1% has been recycled more than once. Additionally, 12% was incinerated and the
remaining 79% sent to landfill or to the environment including the ocean.
Almost all plastic is not biodegradable and absent recycling, spreads across the environment where it can
cause harm. For example, as of 2015 approximately 8 million tons of waste plastic enter the oceans
annually, damaging the ecosystem and forming ocean garbage patches.
Almost all recycling is mechanical: melting and reforming plastic into other items. This can cause polymer
degradation at a molecular level, and requires that waste be sorted by colour and polymer type before
processing, which is complicated and expensive. Errors can lead to material with inconsistent properties,
rendering it unappealing to industry. In feedstock recycling, waste plastic is converted into its starting
chemicals, which can then become fresh plastic. This involves higher energy and capital costs. Alternatively,
plastic can be burned in place of fossil fuels. In some countries, it is the dominant form of plastic waste
disposal, particularly where landfill diversion policies are in place.
Plastic recycling is low in the waste hierarchy. It has been advocated since the early 1970s, but due to
economic and technical challenges, did not impact plastic waste to any significant extent until the late 1980s.
The plastics industry has been criticized for lobbying for expansion of recycling programs, even while
research showed that most plastic could not be economically recycled.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project

This Micro-Project aims at:
 To prepare a report on recycling of plastic wastes obtained from various sources and study the
machineries and outcome product.

3.0 Intended Course Outcomes

 Identify the different sources of solid wastes.
 Execute the relevant method of collection and transportation of solid wastes.

4.0 Literature Review

1. PLASTICS RECYCLING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of
products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has
increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate
several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable
resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their
3
manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging
or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone
indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the
polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in
landfills and in natural habitats worldwide.

Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents
one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil
usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set
recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through
downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel.
While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically,
according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over
the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting
and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined
actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste
from landfills to recycling over the next decades.

2. PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING: EXISTING INDIAN SCENARIO AND FUTURE

OPPORTUNITIES
This review article aims to suggest recycling technological options in India and illustrates plastic recycling
clusters and reprocessing infrastructure for plastic waste (PW) recycling in India. The study shows that a
majority of states in India are engaged in recycling, road construction, and co-processing in cement kilns
while reprocessing capabilities among the reprocessors are highest for polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene
(PE) polymer materials. This review suggests that there are key opportunities for mechanical recycling,
chemical recycling, waste-to-energy approaches, and bio-based polymers as an alternative to deliver impact
to India’s PW problem. On the other hand, overall, polyurethane, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate
appear most competitive for chemical recycling. Compared to conventional fossil fuel energy sources,
polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene are the three main polymers with higher calorific
values suitable for energy production. Also, multi-sensor-based artificial intelligence and blockchain
technology and digitization for PW recycling can prove to be the future for India in the waste flow chain and
its management. Overall, for a circular plastic economy in India, there is a necessity for a technology-
enabled accountable quality-assured collaborative supply chain of virgin and recycled material.

5.0 Proposed Methodology

Firstly discussed and finalized the topic then started the preparation of submission of proposal. All members
in group discussed and planed layout of micro project then after having preference of various websites from
Google chrome we all were prepared with our micro project content. Then we have discussed about all
required resources raw material etc. and collected them. Then the report was completed by our all group
members, and was ready to submit.

4
6.0 Resources Required
S. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
1. Internet Browser: _ 1
1. www.ijert.org 
2. https://www.researchgate.net

6.0 Action Plan

S. Details of activity Planned Planned Name of Responsible

No. Start date Finish date Team Members

1 Selected group member All members

2 Selected topic All Members

3 We discussed with guide All members
4 Collected rough information All members
5 Conformed collected data All members
6 Arranged the information in All members
given format
7 Check the information by our All members
teacher
8 Printed the collected All members
information and arrange it in
file
**************

5
 Annexure – II
PART B – Micro-Project Report
1.0 Rationale
Plastic goods are useful because they are durable, but this becomes a disadvantage when items are discarded.
The natural processes that degrade many paper, cardboard and wood products in a few months don’t affect
plastic materials as much. In landfills, plastics accumulate, creating a volume of refuse that never seems to
go away. In nature, plastic bits and pieces become unsightly nuisances and hazards to animals. Diverting
discarded plastics from the refuse stream and turning them into new goods keeps these persistent materials
out of landfills and the natural environment.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

 Identify the different sources of solid wastes.
 Execute the relevant method of collection and transportation of solid wastes.

2.0 Literature Review

1. RECYCLING/REUSE OF PLASTIC WASTE AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW
The exponential rise in the production of plastic and the consequential surge in plastic waste have led the
scientists and researchers look out for innovative and sustainable means to reuse/recycle the plastic waste in
order to reduce its negative impact on environment. Construction material, converting waste plastic into
fuel, household goods, fabric and clothing are some of the sectors where waste plastic is emerging as a
viable option. Out of these, construction material modified with plastic waste has garnered lot of attention.
Modification of construction material with plastic waste serves a dual purpose. It reduces the amount of
plastic waste going to landfills or litter and secondly lessens the use of mined construction materials, thereby
mitigating the negative impact of construction industry on environment. This paper summarizes the
developments with regard to the use of plastic waste as a constituent of construction material. Inclusion of
plastic waste as a binder, aggregate, fine aggregate, modifier or substitute of cement and sand in the
manufacturing of bricks, tiles, concrete and roads has been comprehensively reviewed. Also, the influence
of addition of plastic waste on strength properties, water absorption, durability, etc. has been thoroughly
discussed. The research studies considered for this review have been categorized based on whether they
dealt with the use of plastic waste for bricks and tiles or in concrete for road construction.

2. RECYCLING OF PLASTIC WASTE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW USING BIBLIOMETRIC

ANALYSIS
Research into plastic recycling is rapidly increasing as ocean and land pollution and ecosystem degradation
from plastic waste is becoming a serious concern. In this study, we conducted a systematic review on
emerging research topics, which were selected from 35,519 studies on plastic recycling by bibliometrics
analysis. Our results show that research on the biodegradability of plastics, bioplastics, life cycle assessment,
recycling of electrical and electronic equipment waste, and the use of recycled plastics in construction has
increased rapidly in recent years, particularly since 2016. Especially, biodegradability is the most emerging
topic with the average year of publication being 2018. Our key finding is that many research area is led by
developed countries, while the use of recycled plastics in the construction sector is being actively explored
in developing countries. Based on our results, we discuss two types of recycling systems: responsible
recycling in the country where plastic waste is generated and promoting recycling through the international
6
division of labor between developed and developing countries. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of both approaches and propose necessary measures for sustainable and responsible production and
consumption of plastics such as waste traceability system and technology transfer between developed and
developing countries.

3. RECYCLING/REUSE OF PLASTIC WASTE AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The exponential rise in the production of plastic and the consequential surge in plastic waste have led the
scientists and researchers look out for innovative and sustainable means to reuse/recycle the plastic waste in
order to reduce its negative impact on environment. Construction material, converting waste plastic into
fuel, household goods, fabric and clothing are some of the sectors where waste plastic is emerging as a
viable option. Out of these, construction material modified with plastic waste has garnered lot of attention.
Modification of construction material with plastic waste serves a dual purpose. It reduces the amount of
plastic waste going to landfills or litter and secondly lessens the use of mined construction materials, thereby
mitigating the negative impact of construction industry on environment. This paper summarizes the
developments with regard to the use of plastic waste as a constituent of construction material. Inclusion of
plastic waste as a binder, aggregate, fine aggregate, modifier or substitute of cement and sand in the
manufacturing of bricks, tiles, concrete and roads has been comprehensively reviewed. Also, the influence
of addition of plastic waste on strength properties, water absorption, durability, etc. has been thoroughly
discussed. The research studies considered for this review have been categorized based on whether they
dealt with the use of plastic waste for bricks and tiles or in concrete for road construction.

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed

Firstly discussed and finalized the topic then started the preparation of submission of proposal. All members
in group discussed and planed layout of micro project then after having preference of various books of
hydraulics and various websites from Google chrome we all were prepared with our micro project content.
Then we have discussed about all required resources raw material etc. and collected them. Then the report
was completed by our all group members, and was ready to submit.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

S. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
Internet Browser: 3
 www.ijert.org 
 https://www.researchgate.net

7
6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project

Sources of Plastic Pollution

Food Wrappers & Containers

 Food Wrappers and Containers account for 31.14% of pollution in the environment as a whole.
 Modern food packaging makes food safe, dependable, shelf-stable, and sanitary.
 Unfortunately, the majority of food packaging is single-use and cannot be recycled.
 From biscuit containers to chocolate bar wrappers to potato chip bags, single-use plastic packaging can
be found everywhere.
 Paper and paperboard, hard plastic, and glass make up the majority of food packaging.
 They break down quickly in the sun and surf, but the microscopic plastic particles remain, consumed
by animals who mistake them for food and then suffer the effects of ingesting toxic, non-digestible
plastic.

Single-use Plastics

 The plastics crisis is considered to be epitomized by single-use plastics, often known as disposable
plastics, which are low-cost plastic objects that are only used once before being discarded or recycled.
 Single-use plastic accounts for more than a third of all plastic produced each year, as well as the vast bulk
of plastic discarded - 130 million tonnes annually.
 Plastic bags, straws, coffee stirrers, soda, water bottles, and most food packaging are some examples.

Fishing Nets

 Many parts of the world rely on commercial fishing for a living, and millions of people eat fish on a
daily basis.
 However, in numerous ways, this industry has contributed to the problem of plastic pollution in the
oceans.
 Plastic nets are often used in certain large-scale fishing activities.
 For instance, they spend a lot of time submerged in water, releasing toxins whenever they choose, but
they also get broken up or misplaced, and are left to rot wherever they land.
 Plastic waste has often washed up on the coasts from fishing nets and ships.
 This not only kills and damages local species, but it also pollutes the water, since marine animals
become entangled in nets and/or ingest harmful particles.

8
 A Seal and a Turtle Entangled in Plastic Fishing Nets

Bottle & Container Caps

 Bottle & Container Caps account for 15.5% of pollution in the environment as a whole.
 Caps are harmful to the environment because they float on the surface of the water and seem like a
tempting meal for birds.
 A recent estimation suggests that policymakers should enact "leash the lid" regulations, which would
require manufacturers to tie caps on bottles in order to prevent them from escaping and encourage
simultaneous recycling.

Healthcare Industry

 Plastics have been extensively used in the healthcare industry in the manufacturing of surgical gloves,
syringes, insulin pens, IV tubes, catheters, inflatable splits, and other medical tools and devices.
 These products are made of single-use plastics so that they prevent the spread of dangerous diseases.
 But these plastics eventually cause pollution.

Plastic Bags

 Plastic Bags account for 11. 18% of pollution in the environment.

 The inherent evil of plastic bags is well established by now, and reusable bags have mostly entered the
mainstream - but unfortunately, this hasn't resulted in a big reduction in plastic bags.
 These are extremely long-lasting, and just 3% of them are recycled.
 Sea otters, turtles, seals, birds, and fish eat them as they get trapped in plants and waterways.
 They induce a false sense of fullness in animals, leading to eventual starvation.

Straws and Stirrers

 Straws and Stirrers account for 8.13% of pollution in the environment.

 Straws have no way of recycling, which should be prohibited.
 In other words, even if there is a need, there is no method to recycle straws.
 On a daily basis, a huge number of straws are used (roughly 500 million per day in the U.S. alone).
 Every year, a shocking number of straws end up in landfills and the oceans.

Beverage Bottles
9
 Beverage Bottles account for 7.27% of pollution in the environment.
 The process of water bottling emits 2.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide into the environment each
year.
 Disposable water bottle waste is washed into the ocean every year, killing 1.1 million marine animals.
 Bottles recycle at a reasonably high rate of 74 %, depending on the kind of plastic used.
 Despite this, a large number of bottles have escaped recycling facilities and are littering the environment.
 Microbes and other contaminants are also evaluated four times less frequently in bottled water than in
tap water.

Tourism Industry

 Through the construction and creation of infrastructure and services, tourism increases the amount of
plastic washed into the oceans.
 In fact, during peak tourist season, 40 percent of the plastic pollution in the Mediterranean Sea comes
from this source.
 Large volumes of plastic pollution wind up in rivers and are carried into the oceans by in-land and urban
tourists.

Agricultural Industry

 Polymers enable farmers, foresters, and fishermen to retain livelihoods, improve productivity, reduce
crop losses, and conserve water in a variety of ways, from mulching and irrigation to fishing gear and
greenhouse films.
 New research demonstrates that, despite their many advantages, agricultural plastics are becoming a
threat to the environment's long-term viability.
 As a result, agricultural plastics become a serious hazard to the environment.

Construction Sector

 The construction industry is the second-largest consumer of plastic, accounting for 20 percent of all
plastic waste.
 They are anticipated to produce 300 metric tonnes of plastic every year, with half of that being single-
use.
 The most common uses of polymers in construction are piping and conduit, which account for 35% of
total output.
 The effects of plastic pollution as a result of the construction sector are felt across the entire life cycle,
from extraction to production to toxicity and fire.

Natural Cause

 Waste is frequently carried by the winds.

 Plastic, which is incredibly light, is blown away by moderate winds and washed into sewers, streams,
rivers, and, eventually, the oceans.
 Natural disasters, such as floods, should also be taken into account as sources of plastic pollution.

Plastics have only been around for a little over a century, yet they’ve become part of almost every aspect of
our lives. From children’s toys to food packaging, plastic materials are a ubiquitous part of 21st-century life.
In fact, in roughly 70 years, there has been 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic produced, with around 6.3
billion metric tons of that becoming waste. And only 9% of that waste has been recycled. There’s a variety
10
of reasons for this, and while our plastic waste continues to grow, advances in technology and changes to the
way we consume are helping to make it more efficient and effective.

Why is plastic recycling important and what are the challenges faced by the industry?

Plastic recycling is extremely important, both as a method to deal with our existing waste and as a
component of both circular economy and zero-waste systems that aim to reduce waste generation and
increase sustainability. There are social, environmental, and economic consequences surrounding our current
waste generation and disposal habits, and whether that is the issue of micro plastics or an estimated $2.5
trillion in damage and lost resources to fisheries, aquaculture, recreational activities, and global wellbeing,
the impact is no longer in doubt.

However, meeting the challenges posed by plastics is not simple, and there exists a lack of awareness
surrounding the plastic waste problem. Despite the fact that potential issues were first flagged in the 1960s,
historically, there has been a lot of pushback against implementing real change—mainly from the plastics
industry itself. Recently, the tide seems to be turning on this issue as more people look for sustainable
options and educate themselves about why plastic recycling is important.

Today, as both consumers and businesses look to recycle more materials, there is a lack of knowledge on
how to do it effectively. This creates issues in the form of contamination, either by mixing non-
recyclable plastics with recyclable plastics or trying to recycle plastics soiled by things like adhesives,
chemicals, and food remnants that further impedes the recycling process. Both of these problems can lead to
plastics being sent to the landfill rather than recycled.

Another complication is found within the products themselves. While some goods, like water bottles and
other drink bottles, are frequently made from a single, common plastic (such as PETE) allowing them to be
easily recycled, many others are designed to use a mix of plastics, which can cause serious issues in our
current plastic recycling process. What’s more, many products are a mix of plastics and non-plastics such as
wood or metal. Sadly, these products won’t even go near a recycling center.

That said, the process for the recycling of plastic has seen a massive improvement in recent years and can be
broken down into six basic steps.

The plastic recycling process steps :

11
1. Collection + distribution
The first step in the mechanical recycling process is the collection of post-consumer materials from homes,
businesses, and institutions.  This can be done by either local government or private companies, with the
latter often a popular option for businesses. Another option is taking plastics to communal collection points
such as designated recycling bins or facilities. This may be as simple as a bottle bank on a street corner or as
complex as a local waste site with large areas for various recyclable and non-recyclable municipal solid
waste (MSW).

2. Sorting + categorizing
The next step in the plastic recycling process is sorting. There are several different types of plastic (see
below), which need to be separated from each other by recyclers. Further to that, plastics might be sorted by
other properties such as color, thickness, and use. This is done by machines at the recycling plant and is an
important step to increase the efficiency of plants and avoid the contamination of end products.

12
3. Washing
Washing is a crucial step in the plastic recycling process since it removes some of the impurities that can
impede the operation, or completely ruin a batch of recycled plastic. The impurities targeted in this step
commonly include things such as product labels and adhesives as well as dirt and food residue. While plastic
is often washed at this stage, it is important to remember that this doesn’t take away from the importance of
ensuring plastics are as free from impurities as possible before disposal and collection.

4. Shredding
The plastic is then fed into shredders, which break it down into much smaller pieces. These smaller pieces,
unlike formed plastic products, can be processed in the next stages for reuse. Additionally, the resized
plastic pieces can be used for other applications without further processing, such as an additive within
asphalt or simply sold as a raw material.

Breaking down the plastic into smaller pieces also allows for any remaining impurities to be found. This is
especially true of contaminants such as metal, which may not have been removed by washing but can be
easily collected with a magnet at this stage.

5. Identification and separation of plastics

Here, the plastic pieces are tested for their class and quality. First, they are segregated based on density,
which is tested by floating the particles of plastic in a container of water. This is followed by a test for what
is known as the “air classification”, which determines the thickness of the plastic pieces. It is done by
placing the shredded plastic into a wind tunnel, with thinner pieces floating while larger/thicker pieces stay
at the bottom.

13
6. Extruding + compounding
This final plastic recycling process step is where the particles of shredded plastic are transformed into a
usable product for manufactures. The shredded plastic is melted and crushed together to form pellets. It is
worth noting that it is not always possible to compound all types, classification, and qualities of plastic at a
single plant, so different grades of plastic are sometimes sent to other recycling facilities for this final step.

The different types of plastic:

There are numerous types of plastic, and when trying to familiarize yourself with the plastic recycling
process and avoid contamination, there are seven categories to remember. Chances are you have seen these
symbols on products, and while they look like the “recycling symbol”, they actually indicate resin type, with
some representing material that is not recyclable at all.

Number 1: PETE (or PET) – Polyethylene Terephthalate

One of the most common types of plastic you are likely to come across – this is the resin used for the
manufacture of products such as food containers and plastic bottles for water or soft drinks. PETE
(sometimes referred to as PET) is widely recycled.

Number 2: HDPE – High-Density Polyethylene

More rigid than PETE, this type of plastic is used in what will appear to be “sturdier” products such as
detergent bottles, food and drink storage, bottle caps, some thicker shopping bags, and non-single-use plastic
products like toys, helmets, and piping. Again, this type of plastic is widely recycled.

Number 3: PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride

PVC is considered one of the most versatile and common plastic types and is used for applications such as
water and waste pipes (due to it being very resistant to chemical and biological damage), flooring, signage,
furniture, and more. While there are some methods developed to recycle PVC, it is not common and rarely
found in general plastic collections. This is in large part due to the toxicity of PVC when processed.

Number 4: LDPE – Low-Density Polyethylene

While not as strong as HDPE, this low-density plastic is highly resilient and used across a wide range of
products such as containers, playground fixtures, and plastic trash bags. This resin-type is recyclable, but
many products can be excluded (such as plastic bags) since they pose the risk of clogging machinery and are
deemed not worthwhile to recycle.

Number 5: PP – Polypropylene

14
Commonly used in injection molding, this plastic can be found in products from bottle caps to surgical tools
and clothing. While PP is recyclable, it is often rejected by processing centers due to the problems it poses,
making the rate at which it is recycled far lower than other plastics.

Number 6: PS – Polystyrene
This plastic is frequently used as disposable plastic containers for food, as insulated containers, and in
packaging materials. Despite its abundance, PS is rarely recycled due to it not being cost-effective (in its
most common form, expanded polystyrene or styrofoam, is 95% air) and requires more energy than it saves
to recycle.

Number 7: Other
This category encompasses everything else, which can include combinations of any of the previous six as
well as other lesser-used plastics. This classification also includes non-petrochemical plastics such as new
plastics, polymers, and bioplastics. As such, anything marked with a number 7 is generally not included in
the plastic recycling process but may have other waste solutions.

As it stands today, the plastics recycling process faces many challenges, and unlike glass and aluminum,
plastics are not infinitely recyclable, meaning that with each subsequent processing, the recycled material
degrades and is a lesser quality than virgin materials.

Products Made from Recycled Plastic:

 Plastic Water Bottles

 Shampoo & Toiletry Bottles
 Laundry Detergent Bottles
 Toothbrushes
 Cups, Plates & Dinnerware
 Grocery Bags
 Trash Bags
 Yoga Mats
 Pens and Pencils
 Mailers & Packaging
 Diapers
 Shoes & Clothing
 Backpacks
 Furniture
 Toys & Gifts
 Rugs & Carpets
 Car Parts
 Fishing Nets
 Swimwear
 Traffic Cones
 Building Materials

7.0 Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro-Project

 Team Work

15
 Leadership
 Knowledge
 Real Life problem analysis and their preventive measures.

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

Contribution of society and corporate sector: The dedication of the corporate sector to collection and
segregation of garbage must be enhanced.  Local authorities can hold events like workshops, conferences
intended to change the perception of people towards protection of the environment, in line with the national
media and government. Also from early schools to higher education, waste management should be included
as a subject in the education curriculum.
9.0 Area of Future Improvement
 Human activities pose ecological consequences and the increasing demand for re- sources and energy
has resulted in a significant perspective on plastic waste manage-ment. The government and other related
stakeholders should attain proper sustainable waste management strategies to maintain environmental
sustainability.
 From the perspective of plastic waste recycling, most current studies focus on PET. Research should be
expanded to other types of plastic waste (such as PP, PS, PVC, etc.) to minimize the burden on the
environment.
 The government and responsible agencies should set regulations that will promote the further use of
recycled plastic waste for construction purposes.
 Current plastic waste technologies for the conversion of plastic waste into textile products are not
mature. Further research may be carried out to overcome the technical issues associated with this
technology.

16
 Annexure – III

Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: ………………………………………………………… Enrollment No.

……………………………………
Name of Programme………………………………………………… Semester:
………………………………………… Course Title ………………………………………………………………..
Code:………………………………………………………………

Title of the Micro-Project:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(For Office Use Only)

Course Outcomes Achieved
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
 (Please tick in appropriate cell for each characteristic)
S. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent
No. be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9- 10 )

1 Relevance to the Relate to very Related to some Los Take care of at-least Take care of more
course few LOs one CO than one CO
 ..
2 Literature Not more than two At-least 5 relevant At –least 7 relevant About 10 relevant
Survey sources (primary sources, at least 2 sources, most latest sources, most latest
/information and secondary), latest
collection very old reference

3 Completion of Completed less Completed 50 to Completed 60 to Completed more

the Target as per than 50% 60% 80% than 80 %
project proposal
4 Analysis of Data Sample Size Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough data
and small, data neither appropriate sample, appropriate sample, collected by
representation organized nor enough data enough data sufficient and
presented well generated but not generated which is appropriate sample
organized and not organized and size. Proper
presented well. No presented well but inferences drawn by
or poor inferences poor inferences organising and
drawn drawn presenting data
through tables,
charts and graphs.

5 Quality of Incomplete Just Well Well

Prototype/Model fabrication/assem assembled/fabricate assembled/fabricate assembled/fabricate

17
S. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent
No. be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9- 10 )

bly. d and parts are not d with proper d with proper

functioning well. functioning parts. In functioning parts. In
Not in proper shape, proper shape, within proper shape, within
dimensions beyond tolerance tolerance
tolerance limit. dimensions and dimensions and
Appearance/finish is good good
shabby. finish/appearance. finish/appearance.
But no creativity in Creativity in design
design and use of and use of material
material

6 Report Very short, poor Nearly sufficient Detailed, correct Very detailed,
Preparation quality sketches, and correct details and clear description correct, clear
Details about about methods, of methods, description of
methods, material, material, materials, methods, materials,
precaution and precautions and precautions and precautions and
conclusions conclusion, but Conclusions. conclusions. Enough
omitted, some clarity is not there in Sufficient Graphic tables, charts and
details are wrong presentation. But Description. sketches
not enough graphic
description.

7 Presentation Major information Includes major Includes major Well organized,

is not included, information but not information and includes major
information is not well organized and well organized but information ,well
well organized . not presented well not presented well presented
8 Any other
(depending upon
nature of project:
please write
indicators by pen)

Defense Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly to Replied most of the
9 considerable considerable considerable questions properly
number of number of questions number of question.
question. but not very
properly

MIcro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Process Assessment Product Assessment Total

Part A - Project Project Methodology Part B - Project individual Marks
Proposal (2 marks) Report/Working Model Presentation/Viva 10
(2 marks) (2 marks) (4 marks)

Note:
18
Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group evolution for each group of students in first 3 columns as
per rubrics & individual evaluation in 4TH columnfor each group of studentsas per rubricsbased on viva.

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Any Other Comment:

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name and designation of the Faculty Member…………………………………….

Signature………………………………………………………………………………

Date:………………………..

19