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WORKBOOK
TRANSFORMATIONS

A transformation is a change in the size, location or orientation of an object/shape.

There are four types of transfomation to consider at GCSE:

TRANSLATION

LL
Described by:
thevector Vector is

01 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11

REFLECTION
Described by:

L
Mirror line is x = 6
themirror line

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ROTATION
Described by

L
90° clockwise
theangle and the centre Centre at (6, 1)

O 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ENLARGEMENT
Described by: Scale factor = 2

thescalefactor and the Centre at (1, 2)

centre
1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11

Note that the "new' shape, which is the result of the transformation, is called the 'image'.

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TRANSLATION
another.

location
to
one
'shift'
from
translation
is a
A

translation is described by
a vector
A

10

8
-2 2

translations from the grid above

The following table shows some of the

Mapping Description

T to A Translation, by vector

T to B Translation, by vector
6

T to C Translation, by
(
vector

T to D Translation, by vector

D to T Translation, by vector
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SPEED ACTIVITY 1
The diagram shows several translations of triangle T:

- -3-2 -1 1 2 4 5

1. Complete the table to describe the translations:

Mapping Vector

T onto E

T onto F

T onto G

T onto H

2. On the grid

(a) Translate triangle T by the vector

Label the new tríangle P P
(b) Translate triangle T by the vector
Label the new triangleQ

(c) Translate triangle T by the vector

Label the new triangle R )BR
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table
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REFLECTION
The

Reflection is when a shape is 'flipped' to the other side of a mirror line

Reflections are described by stating the equation of

the mirror linë.
Note that in GCSE the mirror line
may vertical, horizontal or at a 45° slope:

Type of mirrer line

Type of refection Format of equation

Vertical line
Shape flips back-to-front

Horizontal line
Shape flips upside-down
y

Diagonal line -
Difficult to describe -
almost certainly a
45° line sometimes looks a bit like
a rotation, but it's not! yx

REFLECTIONS IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL

LINES

10

4 -2 o
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The following table shows reflections from the grid on the previous
page
Mapping Mirror line
T to A y=7
T to B =7
T to C
T to D y3

REFLECTIONS IN THE AXES AND IN THELINE Y= X.

6-5 4 -3-2 -1 2 3 4 6

The following table shows reflections from the grid above:

Mapping Description
T to L Reflection, in line x =0 (aka "the y-axís')
T to M Reflection, in line y =0 (aka "the x-axis')
T to N Reflection, in line y =x

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SPEED ACTIVITY 2
EnjoyImprove. ROTATION
Look at the diagram:

bid
10

G C
ac
B
Pi

6 2 4 6 8
7
1. Complete the table to describe the reflections:

Mapping Mirror line

T onto A

T onto B

T onto C

T onto D 7

On the grid
(a) Reflect trapezium A in the line x =7
Label the new trapezium E.

(b) Reflect trapezium B in the line x =-4

Label the new trapezium F.

(c) Reflect trapezium B in the liney= 4

Label the new trapezium G.

(d) Reflect trapezium A in the y-axis

Label the new trapezium H.
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ROTATIONN Maths4Everyone.com

A rotation is when a
shape is turned around a point.

Rotations are described by the

angle turned,
the direction of turn and
the point/coordinates at which the rotation is centred)
Examples:
The images below have been created by rotating triangle T around the
point (9, 8)

ToD

10

TR -2Tte

5 10 5

Mapping Description
T to P Rotation, 90° anti-clockwise
T to Q Rotation, 90° clockwise
Tto R Rotation, 180°

USE TRACING PAPER TO HELP YOU WORK OUT ROTATIONS

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ACTivIT
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the

L.ook
More exanpls:

T
Ttow

2
TtoX

-8
o

The transformations above can be described in the

following ways:
Mapping Description
T to U Rotation, 90° clockwise, centre (5, 6)
T to V Rotation, 180, centre (5, 6)
T to W Rotation, 180°, centre (-2,7)
-

Tto X Rotation, 9* anti-clockwise, centre (-2,7)

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SPEED ACTIVITY 3
Look at the diagram

10

4 -10 8 4 2 4 6

1. Complete the table to describe the rotations:

Mapping Angle Direction Centre

T onto A NJA C4.5
T onto B
0 Anti-clockwia (s.5)
T onto C 120 NJA
T onto D 10 NIA
T onto E
qo c Leukn (1)
2. On the grid:

(a) Rotate trapezium C 90° anti-clockwise about the point(-6, 6).

Label the new trapezium P.

(b) Rotate trapezium B 90° clockwise about the point (10,3)

Label the new trapezium Q.

(c) Rotate trapezium C 180° about the point (-5,6)

Label the new trapezium R.

(d) Rotate trapezium T 90° clockwise about the point (5, 6)

Label the new trapezium S.

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ENLARGEMENT
of a shape.
An enlargement
is a change in size

an enlargement
could be a
as making shapeabigger,
think of an enlargement
Although we usually
fractional change that makes the shape smaller enlarges
and the point from which the shape
An enlargement is described by its scale factor
(known as the centre)

Example 1:

Sides 3»
2
15
Distante
XT

10

Distah 2XT
SI de s2X

10 I5 20

and the enlargement are said to be 'similar:

When a shape is enlarged, the original
the angles stay the same,
t h e sides all increase by the scale factor;
the centre increases by the scale factor.
t h e distance of each of the vertices from

The transformations in the grid above can be

described in the following ways:

Mapping Description
T to Y Enlargement, scale factor 2, centre (0, 0)
T to Z Enlargement, scale factor 3, centre (0, 0)

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Example 2:

15

Sides» Ja
Sides 2x T Distunte- J¥l

10 Dispiste
2x w

10 15 20

The transformations in the grid above can be described in the following ways

Mapping Description
T to A Enlargement, scale factor 2, centre (17, 2)
T to B Enlargement, scale factor 3, centre (9,3)
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SPEED ACTIVITY 4
Look at the diagram:

C1316)

10

10 20

1. Complete the table to describe the enlargements:

Mapping Scale factor Centre

T onto A 3 C14 ,10)

T onto B 2 C12)
T onto C
O.5 13,16)
On the grid:

(a) Enlarge shape T with scale factor 2 and centre (16, 13).
Label the new shape X.

(b) Enlarge shape T with scale factor and centre(7, 12).

Label the new shape Y

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MIXED TRANSFORMATIONS

DESCRIBING TRANSFORMATIONS
SAMPLEQUESTIONS1

1. The diagram shows some shapes on a coordinate grid:

15

10

4
15 20
0

to state the type of transformation):

Describe fully each of the following transformations (remember

(a) TtoA
Reeduer. Minekr ine-5

Aeledien
Muvnstr Jin :
(b) T to B
(1.8)
180. Cantfe
(c) S toC Rota Centve:()
Andi-ClohwiM,
(d) S to D Notulun 90
Tranl Vector (i)
(e) T toS

0Cloclewise (I»')
() D to T Aothon .

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coordinate grid:
2. The diagram shows some triangles on a

15

10

A
10 15 20

Describe fully each of the following transformations:

(a) X
Transkadien . veon
X to Q RaAoktutmuen n y.6
(b)

(c)XtoR rledon, imerhine -

(d) X to S
Enlngerad J Scale fodon2
cRAAos)

(e) X to T

etu ( )
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DRAWING TRANSFORMATIONS
SAMPLEQUESTIONSS2
1. Below ia'a coordinate grid showing a triangle:

15

10
F

15 20
10

On the grid:
Reflect triangle S in the line y=4
(a)
Label the new triangle A

Reflect triangle S in the line x

=
6
(b)
Label thenew triangleB
around the point (14, 6)
Rotate triangle S 90° clockwise
Label the new triangle C

(d) Translate triangle S by the vector

Label the new triangleD

(e) Reflect triangle S in the line y =x

Label the new triangle E

Enlarge triangle S with scale factor 2 and

centre (6, 4)
(
Label the new triangle F

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2. Below is a coordinate grid showing a quadrilateral

10

5 10 15 20

On the grid:
(a) Reflect quadrilateral Q in the line y= x
Label the new triangle R

(b) Reflect quadrilateral Q in the liney= 10

Label the new triangle S

(c) Enlarge quadrilateral Q with scale factor 3 and centre (0, 6)

Label the new triangle T

(d) Translate quadrilateralQ by the vector

Label the new triangle U

(e) Rotate quadrilateral Q 90° anticlockwise around the point (13, 12)
Label the new triangleV

()Reflect quadrilateral Q in the line x = 12

Label the new triangle W

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3.

15

10

10 15

On the grid, enlarge triangle P with a scale factor 3 and centre (3, 4)
(a)
Label the new triangle Q.

(b) On the grid, translate triangle Q by the vector

Label the new triangle R.

(c) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triapgle P onto triangle R.
Endanqartnt Sale
Cenbe -C's?)
(d) On the grid, reflect triangle Q in the line x = 9

Label the new triangle S.

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15|

10

10 15
(a) On the grid, reflect triangle P in the line y= 11
Label the new triangle Q

b) On the grid, reflect triangle P in the line y=x

Label the new triangle R.

(c) On the grid, triangle Q through 90° clockwise about the point (8, 12).
rotate

Label the new triangleS.

(d Descnibe fully the single transformation that maps triangle Ronto triangle S.

Ratadin contr (10

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5.

10

which maps triangte P onto triangle Q.

(a) Describe fully the single transformation,
Roatin 90° Anti dodunue
cetr(oo)
the vector
(b) On the grid, translate triangle Q by
Label the new triangle R.

Describe fully the single

transformation, which maps triangle P onto triangle R.
(c)
Roibn 90 AtAlscuuise
cebre-
centre (1,-5).
(d) On the grid, enlarge triangle P with scale factor 2 and
Label the new triangle S.
180° about the point (2, 1).
(e) On the grid, rotate triangle Q through
Label the new triangle T

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6. 10

6 8
6 4 -2 o
P onto triangle Q.
(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle

Reestim .rinen zd =Y=

R.
(b) Describe fully the single transformation,that maps trjangle P onto triangle
EnlangMd Saale factisn=2
Cau -Co,
(c) On the grid, reflect triangle R in the y-axis.
Label the new triangle S.

(d) On the grid, rotate triangle P 90° anti-clockwise about the point (-1, 3).
Label the new shape T

1 A shape, P, is enlarged by scale factor 3 to give shape Q.

Which of the following satements are true?

True False
The angles in P and Q are the same.
The lengths in P and Q are the same.

Shapes P and Q are congruent.

Shapes P and Q are similar.

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