5.

3 Temporary Diversion

Description
A temporary diversion is a dike and/or channel constructed to:
• Direct sediment-laden runoff to a settling pond.
• Route clean runoff away from disturbed areas.
• Divert runoff to reduce the effective length of the slope.
• Direct runoff away from steep cut or fill slopes.

Conditions Where Practice Applies

This practice applies to construction areas where runoff must be redirected in order to
prevent offsite sedimentation, erosion or flooding of work areas. Temporary diversions are
particularly applicable to prevent flow from damaging erodible or unstable areas.
Temporary diversions are appropriate for drainage areas less then 10 acres.

Planning Considerations
It is important that diversions are properly designed, constructed, and maintained since they
concentrate water flow and may increase erosion potential. Particular care must be taken in
planning diversion grades. Too much slope can result in erosion in the diversion channel
or at the outlet. A change of slope from a steeper grade to a flatter may cause deposition to
occur, reducing carrying capacity increasing chances of overtopping and failure.
It is usually less costly to excavate a channel and form a dike or dike on the downhill side
with the spoil than to build diversions by other methods. Where space is limited, it may be
necessary to build the dike by hauling in diking material. Use gravel to armor the diversion
dike where vehicles must cross frequently.

10 CHAPTER 5 Temporary Runoff Control

 Build and stabilize diversions and outlets or downstream sediment facilities before initiat-
ing other land-disturbing activities.
These structures generally have a life expectancy of 18 months or less, but can be pro-
longed with proper maintenance.

Compare: Temporary Diversion vs. Silt Fence at the perimeter of disturbed areas
Two approaches are commonly used to intercept and treat sediment-laden runoff at the
perimeter of disturbed areas: silt fence or diversions that direct runoff to settling ponds.
When determining which approach is more appropriate, consider the following:

Table 5.3.1 Temporary Diversion versus Silt Fence comparison.

Temporary Diversion Silt Fence

Flows up to 10 acres of drainage area Sheet flow from 1/4 acre per 100 feet of
fence (see silt fence specification)
Constructed on positive grade to direct runoff Must follow the contour of the land
Durable and usually low maintenance High maintenance
Easily constructed with earth moving equipment Labor Intensive
Requires additional Settling facilities Treats Runoff for Sediment
Wider Disturbed area. Requires little space and causes less disturbance around
vegetation or structures

Design Criteria
These are provided in the specifications that follow.

Operation and Maintenance

Inspect temporary diversions once a week and after every storm event. Immediately
remove sediment from the flow area and repair the diversion dike as needed.
Carefully check outlets and make necessary repairs immediately.
When the area protected is permanently stabilized, remove the dike and the channel to
blend with the natural ground level and stabilize all disturbed areas with vegetation or other
erosion control practice.
Mow grass as needed to maintain flow in channel.

Common Problems – Suggested Solutions

Sedimentation results in channel grade decreasing or reversing, leading to overtopping
– realign or deepen the channel to maintain grade.
Low point in dike where diversion crosses a natural depression results in overtopping of the
dike – build up the dike.
Erosion in channel before vegetation is established results in uneven channel grade, may
lead to breach of dike---repair channel and install sod or synthetic liner.

CHAPTER 5 Temporary Runoff Control 11

 If seepage or poor drainage in channel results in poor vegetation establishment, it may be
necessary to re-grade in order to create positive drainage or to install subsurface drains or
stone channel bottom.
Vehicle crossings result in rutting and increased erosion – maintain the dike height, flatten
the side slopes, protect the dike with gravel or hard surface at the crossing point.
Excessive velocity at the outlet results in erosion – install or repair ROCK OUTLET
PROTECTION.
Excessive grade in channel results in gully erosion – repairs channel, and install an erosion
resistant lining or realign to reduce the grade.

12 CHAPTER 5 Temporary Runoff Control

 Specifications
for
Temporary Diversion

1. Drainage area should not exceed 10 acres. Larger areas 4. The grade may be variable depending upon the topogra-
require a more extensive design. phy, but must have a positive drainage to the outlet and
be stabilized to be non-erosive.
2. The channel cross section may be parabolic or trapezoi-
dal. Disk the base of the dike before placing fill. Build the Table 5.3.3
dike 10% higher than designed for settlement. The dike Temporary Diversion Stabilization Treatment
shall be compacted by traversing with tracked earth-mov- Diversion < 2 ac. 2 - 5 ac. 5 - 10 ac.
ing equipment. Slope
0 - 3% Seed and Straw Seed and Straw Seed and Straw
3. The minimum cross section of the levee or dike will be
as follows: (Minimum design freeboard shall be 0.3 foot.) 3 - 5% Seed and Straw Seed and Straw Matting
Where construction traffic will cross, the top width may 5 - 8% Seed and Straw Matting Matting
be made wider and the side slopes flatter than specified 8 - 20% Seed and Straw Matting Engineered
above. Note: Diversions with steeper slopes or greater drainage areas are

beyond the scope of this standard and must be designed for
Table 5.3.2 stability. Seed, straw and matting used shall meet the
Specifications for Temporary Seeding, Mulching and Matting.
Dike Top Width (ft.) Height (ft.) Side Slopes Shape
0 1.5 4.1 Trapezoidal 5. Outlet runoff onto a stabilized area, into a properly
4 1.5 2.1 Parabolic designed waterway, grade stabilization structure, or sedi-
ment trapping facility.
6. Diversions shall be seeded and mulched in accordance
with the requirements in practice standards TEMPORARY
SEEDING (or PERMANENT SEEDING) and MULCHING as
soon as they are constructed or other suitable stabiliza-
tion in order to preserve dike height and reduce
maintenance.

CHAPTER 5 Temporary Runoff Control 13

 Specifications
for
Temporary Diversion Above Steep Slopes

1. Drainage area should not exceed 5 acres. Larger areas 4. The grade may be variable depending upon the topography,
require a more extensive design. but must have a positive drainage to the outlet and be stabi-
lized to be non-erosive.
2. The channel cross section may be parabolic, v-shaped, or
trapezoidal. Disk the base of the dike before placing fill. Table 5.3.3
Build the dike 10% higher than designed for settlement. The Temporary Diversion Stabilization Treatment
dike shall be compacted by traversing with tracked earth- Diversion < 2 ac. 2 - 5 ac. 5 - 10 ac.
moving equipment. Slope
3. The minimum cross section of the levee or dike will be as 0 - 3% Seed and Straw Seed and Straw Seed and Straw
follows: (Minimum design freeboard shall be 0.3 foot.) 3 - 5% Seed and Straw Seed and Straw Matting
5 - 8% Seed and Straw Matting Matting
Table 5.3.2
8 - 20% Seed and Straw Matting Engineered
Dike Top Width (ft.) Height (ft.) Side Slopes Shape
Note: Diversions with steeper slopes or greater drainage areas are
0 1.5 4.1 Trapezoidal beyond the scope of this standard and must be designed for
4 1.5 2.1 Parabolic stability. Seed, straw and matting used shall meet the
Specifications for Temporary Seeding, Mulching and Matting.

5. Outlet runoff onto a stabilized area, settling pond, or into a

drop structure.
6. Diversions shall be seeded and mulched in accordance
with the requirements in practice standards TEMPORARY
SEEDING (or PERMANENT SEEDING) and MULCHING as soon
as they are constructed or other suitable stabilization in
order to preserve dike height and reduce maintenance.

14 CHAPTER 5 Temporary Runoff Control