My

Worksheet 3
A. EXPONENTIAL EQUATION, INEQUALITIES
AND FUNCTION

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 Equations that involve the terms of the form bx, b>0, b≠1.

If bu = bv, then u = v.

Example: Solve the equation 4 x-1 = 16

Solution: Write both sides of the equation with 4 as the base.
4 x-1 = 4 2
x–1=2
x=2+1
x=3

Solve the equation for x.

1. 3 x = 3 5 5. 4 x+1 = 64

1
2. 2 x+7 = 256 6. 7 x =
49

1
3. 3 2x = 81 7. 4 5x – 13 =
8𝑥

4. 125 x–1 = 25 x+3 8. 12 x–1 = 20736

 1. If b> 1, then the exponential function y = bx is increasing foe all x. this
means that bx<by if and only if x<y. (if base is greater than 1, the
direction of the inequality is retained)
2. If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function y = bx is decreasing for all x.
this means that bx > by if and only if x < y. (meaning if base is less than
one but greater than zero the direction of the inequality is reversed)

Example 1: Solve the inequality 3x < 9x-2.

Solution: Both 3 and 9 can be written using 3 as the base.
3x < 9x-2
3x < 32(x-2)
3x < 32x - 4
Since the base 3 is greater than 1, the direction of the inequality is
retained.
x < 2x – 4
x – 2x < -4
-x < -4
x>4 (the direction of the inequality is chance when divided by a
negative number)

The solution set to the inequality is ሼ𝑥 𝜖 ℝ 𝑥 > 4ሽ

𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 𝟏 𝟑𝒙
Example 2: Solve the inequality ቀ ቁ ≥ ቀ ቁ
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
1 1 2 1
Solution: Since = ቀ ቁ , then we write both sides of the inequality with
100 10 10
as base.

1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
ቀ10ቁ ≥ ቀ ቁ
100
1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
ቀ10ቁ ≥ ቀ 2ቁ
10
1 𝑥+5 1 6𝑥
ቀ10ቁ ≥ ቀ ቁ
10
1
Since the base is is less than 1, then the inequality is reversed.
10
x + 5 ≤ 6x
x – 6x ≤ -5
-5x ≤ -5
x≥1 (the direction of the inequality is chance when divided by a
negative number)

The solution set to the inequality is ሼ𝑥 𝜖 ℝ 𝑥 ≥ 1ሽ

Solve for x in the following inequalities.
1 2𝑥 1 1−𝑥
1. 5x > 25 x+1 4. ቀ ቁ ≤ ቀ ቁ
3 27

2. 4 3x+2 < 64

49 𝑥+1 9
5.ቀ ቁ ≥
81 7

3. 10 x > 100 -2x – 5

 PROPERTIES OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
1. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
2. The range is the set of all positive real integers.
3. It is a one-to-one function. It satisfies the horizontal line test.
4. The y-intercept is 1. There is no x-intercept.
5. The horizontal asymptote is the line y= o. there is no vertical asymptote.
6. The function is increasing if b > 1, and is decreasing if 0 < b < 1.

REFLECTIONS OF THE GRAPH OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

1. The graph of y = -f(x) is the reflection about the x – axis of the graph of
y = f(x).
2. The graph of y = f(-x) is the reflection about the y-axis of the graph of
y = f(x).

Using your mobile application GEOGEBRA, graph the functions and give your
observations regarding the differences and/or similarities between the graph
of the two functions.
a. y = 2x and y = -2x
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b. y = 2x and y = 2-x
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 VERTICAL STRETCHING OR SHRINKING
Let c be a positive constant. The graph of y = c f(x) can be obtained from the
graph of y = f(x) by multiplying each y-coordinate by c. the effect is vertical
stretching (if c > 1) or shrinking ( if c < 1)of the graph y = f(x).

a. y = 2x and y = 3(2x)
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b. y = 2x and y = 0.4(2x)
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VERTICAL SHIFTS
Let k be a real number. The graph of y = f(x) + k is a vertical shift of k
units up (if k > 0) or k units down (if k< 0) of the graph of y = f(x).

c. y = 2x and y = 2x - 3
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a. y = 2x and y = = 2x + 1
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 HORIZONTAL SHIFTS
Let k be a real number. The graph of y = f(x - k) is a horizontal shift of k
units to the right (if k > 0) or k units to the left (if k< 0) of the graph of
y = f(x).

d. y = 2x and y = 2x+3
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b. y = 2x and y = = 2x-4
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GRAPHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Graph the function f(x) = 3x-2.
Domain:
Range:
x-intercept/s:
y-intercept/s:
vertical asymptote/s:
horizontal asymptote/s:

Fill in the table of values.

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x)
Graph: