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    Probability

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    Jake Chalayil

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Probability

    Uploaded by

    Jake Chalayil
    203 views4 pages

    Original Title

    Probability-

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    203 views4 pages

    Probability

    Uploaded by

    Jake Chalayil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4
    At a glance
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    The passage discusses probabilities related to athletics medal winners and defects in cars. It uses concepts like tree diagrams, probability, independence and mutually exclusive events.

    To find the probability that a randomly selected medal winner is female, we must weight the probabilities of winning gold (30% female), silver (60% female) and bronze (40% female) medals by the number won. The text provides this information.

    To find the probability of exactly one defect, we can use the tree diagram and sum the probabilities of the mutually exclusive cases (needing new tyre only, needing tracking only, needing new brake pads only). The text provides the individual probabilities.

    Statistics Year 2 (A Level) Unit Test 2: Probability

    1 The table below shows the number of gold, silver and bronze medals won by two
    teams in an athletics competition.

    Gold Silver Bronze


    Team A 29 17 18
    Team C 21 23 17

    The events G, S and B are that a medal is gold, silver or bronze respectively. Let A be
    the event that team A won a medal and C team C won a medal. A medal winner is
    selected at random. Find
    a P(G)

    (2 marks)
    b P([A S]')

    (2 marks)
    c Explain, showing your working, whether or not events S and A are statistically
    independent. Give reasons for your answer.

    (2 marks)
    d Determine whether or not events B and C are mutually exclusive. Give a reason for
    your answer.

    (2 marks)
    e Given that 30% of the gold medal winners are female, 60% of the silver medal
    winners are female and 40% of the bronze medal winners are female, find the
    probability that a randomly selected medal winner is female.

    (2 marks)

    2 A mechanic carried out a survey on the defects of cars he was servicing. He found
    that the probability of a car needing a new tyre is 0.33 and that a car needing a new
    tyre has a probability of 0.7 of needing tracking. A car not needing a new tyre has a
    probability of 0.04 of needing tracking.
    a Draw a tree diagram to represent this information.

    (3 marks)
    b Find the probability that a randomly chosen car has exactly one of the two defects,
    needing a new tyre or needing tracking.

    (2 marks)
    The mechanic also finds that cars need new brake pads with probability 0.35 and that
    this is independent of needing new tyres or tracking. A car is chosen at random.

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
    Statistics Year 2 (A Level) Unit Test 2: Probability
    c Find the probability that the car has at least one of these three defects.

    (2 marks)
    d What advice would you give to motorists?

    (1 mark)

    3 P(E) = 0.25, P(F) = 0.4 and P(E F) = 0.12


    a Find P(E'|F')

    (2 marks)
    b Explain, showing your working, whether or not E and F are statistically
    independent. Give reasons for your answer.

    (2 marks)
    The event G has P(G) = 0.15
    The events E and G are mutually exclusive and the events F and G are independent.
    c Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the events E, F and G, giving the probabilities
    for each region.

    (5 marks)
    d Find P([F G]')

    (2 marks)

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
    Statistics Year 2 (A Level) Unit Test 2: Probability

    4 In a factory, three machinists, Amy, Brad and Ceri, are used to sew shirts.
    Amy sews 40% of the shirts.
    Brad sews 35% of the shirts.
    Ceri sews the rest of the shirts.
    It is known that 5% of the shirts sewn by Amy are faulty, 2% of the shirts sewn by
    Brad are faulty and 3% of the shirts sewn by Ceri are faulty.
    a Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and associated
    probabilities.

    (3 marks)
    A shirt is selected at random.
    b Calculate the probability that the shirt is sewn by Brad and is not faulty.

    (2 marks)
    c Calculate the probability that the shirt is faulty.

    (2 marks)
    d Given that the shirt is faulty, find the probability that it was not sewn by Ceri.

    (3 marks)

    5 A group of students were surveyed by a principal and were found to always hand in

    assignments on time. When questioned about their assignments said they always
    start their assignments on the day they are issued and, of those who always start their

    assignments on the day they are issued, hand them in on time.


    a Draw a tree diagram to represent this information.

    (3 marks)
    b Find the probability that a randomly selected student:
    i always start their assignments on the day they are issued and hand them in on
    time.

    (2 marks)
    ii does not always hand in assignments on time and does not start their
    assignments on the day they are issued.

    (4 marks)
    c Determine whether or not always starting assignments on the day they are issued
    and handing them in on time are statistically independent. Give reasons for your
    answer.

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3
    Statistics Year 2 (A Level) Unit Test 2: Probability

    (2 marks)

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4

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