Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings

Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 1 of 6

I. A. Learning Objectives:
1. Write and prepare clear and complete research report and ready for oral presentation.

B. Student’s Weekly Learning Goals: Estimated Time to finish

1. Read the verse for the week and its discussion guide 15 mins
2. Read the lesson content 30 mins

3. Answer the “learning gains” part of this module 45 mins

II. Learning Tasks

1. Read the verse for the week and its discussion guide found in the official FB page of the
school.

2. Read the lesson content Reporting and sharing the Findings

Lesson Content
REPORTING AND SHARING THE FINDING WRITING THE CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

Making conclusions

Drawing conclusions is the final and the most important part of any research. It is critical
in determining the success or failure of the study. The acceptance or refutation of a hypothesis
would not affect the success of the conclusion since either way, it can help in the advancement of
the study.

A conclusion is considered a failure if the study has poor experimental design or if there are
flaws in the reasoning and analysis. All of this can invalidate the result of the research. It is
important that the research is well designed.

What is a conclusion?

The conclusion summarizes the results of the study and the analysis made from it. It is
also good to write down how the results can affect and be applied to the world. It should show its
implications and its effects

Recommendations

A research may uncover some information and answer questions with regards to a certain
issue. However, there are times where it can raise some questions as well. In such a case, some
of these questions can be placed in the recommendations You can encourage future researchers
to look into these questions and try to answer them.
Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings
Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 2 of 6

Aside from this, you can suggest other directions for the study and some improvements to
be made if it's necessary. Based on your findings and your own opinion, you can state how the
research can be modified, redesigned and refined by future researchers.

Writing the Report

Below is a general guide to writing a report. This covers the basic elements of a research
report. There are MAJOR parts of a Research Report:

1. Introduction
2. Review of Literature3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion

Though, in the actual report writing, there are several sections in it, and some sections may be
omitted depending on the type and purpose of the report writing.

1. Title Page or a Cover Page

This identifies the title of the research/paper/ report (it should also specify the type of
report); the name of the principal author; the names of the other group members

2. Abstract
It is not part of the body of the report itself. It is a basic summary of the report contents,
including sample, treatment, design, results, and implications) (150 words in a journal article:
250 words for thesis). The abstract does not include figures or tables, and only the most
significant numerical values or results should be given.

3. Introduction
It provides the background information so that the reader will understand the scenario
and the significance of the study. It should provide a clear statement of the problem posed by the
research and why the problem is of interest. It usually contains 3-5 paragraphs.

4. Review of Literature
The review of literature is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited
scholars and researchers. It Should be organized by subheadings, It should adequately support
your study using supporting, related, and/or refuting evidence. It is important to note that it is a
synthesis, not a collection of individual summaries

5. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts, like a theory but not
necessarily so well worked-out. It guides your research, determining what things you will
measure, and what statistical relationships you will look at. In the absence of a good theoretical
framework, a conceptual framework maybe used, it is an analytical tool with several variations
Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings
Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 3 of 6

and contexts. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual
frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.

6. Statement of the Problem and Research question(s)/ or hypotheses

A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed.
 An overall research question (optional)
 A quantitative-based (hypotheses)
Note: You will generally have more than one, especially if using hypotheses.

7. Methodology
Procedure: Describe data gathering or participant recruitment.
Sample: Describe the sample or dataset, including basic demographics
Setting: Describe the setting, if applicable (generally only in qualitative designs)
Treatment: If applicable, describe, in detail, how you implemented the treatment
Instrument Describe, in detail, how you implemented the instrument. Describe the
reliability and validity associated with the instrument
Data Analysis: Describe type of procedure (t-test, interviews, etc.) and software (used)

8. Results
The results section of a research paper describes to the reader the outcome and findings
of the research
Restate Research Question 1 (Quantitative)
Describe results
Restate Research Question 2 (Qualitative)
Describe results

9. Discussion
The DISCUSSION interprets the results in light of the research objectives The most
important goal of the DISCUSSION section is to interpret results so that the reader is informed
of the insights or answers that the results provide.
Restate Overall Research Question
Describe how the results, when taken together, answer the overall question
Describe how the results confirm or contrast the literature you reviewed
10. Conclusion
The CONCLUSIONS should summarize the central ideas made in the Discussion section,
reinforcing for the reader the value and implications of the work. Conclusions should be based
on observations and data already discussed. It is considered extremely bad form to introduce new
data in the conclusions. (A brief closing summary)

11. Recommendations
(If applicable, generally related to practice)
Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings
Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 4 of 6

12. Limitations
Discuss, in several sentences, the limitations of this study
Research Design (overall, then info about the limitations of each separately)
Sample
Instrument/s
Other Limitations

13. References
The REFERENCES section should contain complete citations following standard from
There are different format or style available depending on the discipline of study (APA format,
or MLA style or Chicago style)

Additional points to bear in mind when writing a writing a report:

A suitable font is Times Roman, 12.

A uniform verb tense should be used throughout the report, preferably past tense.
The imperative mood as if giving directions or orders, should not be used. The purpose in
to state what was done not to tell other people what to do
Since the reports are formal, the first person singular “I” or plural "We") should not be
used
Sentences should not start with “It” unless the object that “It” refers to is absolutely clear
to the context.
All text should be double-spaced to allow room for comments.
All pages, including figure pages, should be numbered consecutively.
Overly long sentences should be avoided. Two or more short sentences should be used
instead
An excellent way to improve style and grammar is to have others proofread the report.
Needlessly fancy presentation (bold, italic, or underlined fonts; color in text or figures)
should be avoided unless it truly enhances the clarity of the report.
- Figures (drawings or schema) should be kept simple. Fancy art work and the
dimensional rendition can be distracting, so avoid it. All legend should be within the
graph area, not beside it. Below every figure or graph should be a caption that
describe what is shown and should be numbered.
Tables should be well organized, with unshaded backgrounds. It should be numbered
consecutively, and above each time should be a caption describing the table contents.

What are the qualities of a good research paper?

1. Controlled - the variables should be controlled and manipulated. All of the extraneous and
uncontrollable factors should be taken into consideration and mentioned in the scope and
limitations of the study. Everything should be planned well.
2. Rigorous- the research should be done meticulously and carefully. The researcher should
have patience and control. Doing so ensures the quality and the validity of the paper. All of the
factors that can negatively affect the research should be controlled.
Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings
Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 5 of 6

3. Accurate - the information presented in the earth paper should be accurate. In order to ensure
this, the researchers should check the accuracy of the information in every single part of the
paper. The references cited should also be examined well to make sure that it is credible.
4. Clear and Concise-the research should be clear and direct in the presentation of the questions
and the results. It should be free from any sort of ambiguity. In addition to this, it should also be
relevant, original and understandable.
5. Valid and Verifiable- the research should show correct and valid information. The strength of
the research is based on its validity in addition to this, the contents presented should also be
provable.
6. Sequential and Coherent-the research should be conducted in a logical manner. The results
and the conclusions should always be written last. In addition to this, all of the parts of the
research should be linked.
7. Precise - the paper should provide complete information and it should also be details,
especially in the investigation of the research topic.
8. Original- the research should be original. If it is based on previous researches, it should not be
a replication of the study. Your research should possess some originality.
9. Academic Style of Writing- the paper should be written in an academic manner (referring to
the third person, avoiding colloquial and informal language, etc.) It should also be written in a
way that is simple and easy to understand.
10. Generalizable-the contents of the paper should be generalizable and the results should also
be applicable to society in some way.
Subject: Practical Research 3 Topic: Reporting and Sharing the Findings
Quarter: 4 Week 4
MODULE 4 Page 6 of 6

NAME: _________________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________

III. LEARNING GAINS
Instruction: Answer the question below.

1. What characterized a good conclusion?

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2. How will you write a good recommendation?

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Instruction: Once accomplished, please detach this page for the inclusion in your monthly portfolio.