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Sampling Distribution

1. The sampling distribution refers to the probability distribution of a sample statistic like the mean or proportion that is formed when samples are repeatedly drawn from a population. 2. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to the population mean, but its standard deviation decreases with increasing sample size. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for given population parameters and sample sizes.

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74 views

Sampling Distribution

1. The sampling distribution refers to the probability distribution of a sample statistic like the mean or proportion that is formed when samples are repeatedly drawn from a population. 2. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to the population mean, but its standard deviation decreases with increasing sample size. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for given population parameters and sample sizes.

Uploaded by

Ashiee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

Sampling distribution refers to the probability


distribution of a sample statistic formed when samples of size
𝑛 are repeatedly taken from a population.
Sampling error is the difference between the sample
measure and the corresponding population measure since
the sample is not a perfect representation of the population.
PROPERTIES OF SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
OF SAMPLE MEANS
1. The mean of the sample means 𝜇𝑥ҧ is equal to the
population mean 𝜇.
𝜇𝑥ҧ = 𝜇

2. The standard deviation of the sample means 𝜎𝑥ҧ is equal to


the population standard deviation 𝜎 divided by the square
of root of the sample size 𝑛.
𝜎
𝜎𝑥ҧ =
𝑛
EXAMPLES
1. During the September Sportsfest, the records of all male athletes
in the 50m race are recorded. Let 𝑥ҧ denote the time spent by a
male athlete (in seconds) in the 50m race. Suppose that the mean
time spent is 𝜇 = 13.8 sec and that the standard is 𝜎 = 11.8 sec.
Based on a random sample of 𝑛 = 25time records, where is the 𝑥ҧ
distribution centered, and how much does it spread out about the
center (as described by its standard deviation)?

Property 1: The sampling distribution of 𝑥ҧ based on a random


sample of 𝑛 = 25 time records has mean value 𝜇𝑥ҧ = 13.8 sec. That
is, the sampling distribution of 𝑥ҧ is centered at 13.8 sec.
EXAMPLES
1. During the September Sportsfest, the records of all male athletes
in the 50m race are recorded. Let 𝑥ҧ denote the time spent by a
male athlete (in seconds) in the 50m race. Suppose that the mean
time spent is 𝜇 = 13.8 sec and that the standard is 𝜎 = 11.8 sec.
Based on a random sample of 𝑛 = 25time records, where is the 𝑥ҧ
distribution centered, and how much does it spread out about the
center (as described by its standard deviation)?

𝜎 11.8
Property 2: The standard deviation of 𝑥ҧ is 𝜎𝑥ҧ = = = 2.36
𝑛 25
which is only one-fifth as large as the population standard deviation
𝜎.
TRY THESE
Direction: Determine the mean and standard deviation of the
sampling distribution 𝑥ҧ for each of the sample sizes below
given that a population has a 𝜇 = 150 and 𝜎 = 25.
1. 𝑛 = 50
2. 𝑛 = 100
3. 𝑛 = 250
4. 𝑛 = 625
5. 𝑛 = 1000
ACTIVITY
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct,
otherwise, write FALSE.

1. As the sample size increases, the mean of the distribution of sample means
increases.
2. As the sample size increases, the standard deviation of the distribution of
sample means increases.
3. Property 1 states that the spread of the sampling distribution of 𝑥ҧ decreases as
𝑛 increases.
4. Property 2 gives a precise relationship among the standard deviation of the 𝑥ҧ
distribution and the population standard deviation and sample size.
5. The sampling distribution of 𝑥ҧ is always centered at the mean of the population
sample.
MORE EXAMPLES
1. Random samples of size 225 are drawn from a population
with mean of 100 and standard deviation of 20. Find the
mean and standard deviation of the sample mean.

2. Random samples of size 64 are drawn from a population


with mean of 32 and standard deviation of 55. Find the mean
and standard deviation of the sample mean.
MORE EXAMPLES
3. A population has mean of 75 and standard deviation of 12.

a. Random samples of size 121 are taken. Find the mean


and standard deviation of the sample mean.

b. How would the answers to part (a) change if the size of


the samples were 400 instead of 121?
MORE EXAMPLES
4. A population has mean of 5.75 and standard deviation of
1.02.

a. Random samples of size 81 are taken. Find the mean


and standard deviation of the sample mean.

b. How would the answers to part (a) change if the size of


the samples were 25 instead of 81?
MORE EXAMPLES
5. A population has mean 128 and standard deviation 22.

a. Find the mean and standard deviation for the sample of


size 36.
b. Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size 36
will be within 10 units of the population mean, that is,
between 118 and 138.
MORE EXAMPLES
6. A population has mean 1, 542 and standard deviation 246.

a. Find the mean and standard deviation for samples of


size 100.
b. Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size
100 will be within 100 units of the population mean, that
is, between 1442 and 1642.
MORE EXAMPLES
7. Let 𝑥 denote the time (in minutes) that it takes a 9th-grade student
to read a certain passage. Suppose that the mean value and standard
deviation of 𝑥 are 𝜇 = 2 min and 𝜎 = 0.8 min, respectively.
a. If 𝑥ҧ is the sample average time for a random sample of 𝑛 = 9
students, where is the distribution centered, and how much does it
spread out about the center (as described by its standard
deviation)?
b. Repeat Part (a) for a sample of size of 𝑛 = 20 and again for a
sample of size 𝑛 = 100. How do the centers and spreads of the
three 𝑥ҧ distributions compare to one another? Which sample size
would be most likely to result in an 𝑥ҧ value close to 𝜇 and why?
MORE EXAMPLES
8. The average annual salary of an employee is ₱ 290,600.00. You
randomly select 12 employees of a bank. What is the probability that
the mean sales price is more than ₱ 265,000.00? Assume that the
annual salaries are normally distributed with a standard deviation of ₱
36,000.00.

a. Find 𝜇𝑥ҧ and 𝜎𝑥ҧ .


b. Compute the z-score and probability that corresponds to ₱
265,000.00.
c. Interpret the results.
MORE EXAMPLES
7. A population has mean 73.5 and standard deviation 2.5.

a. Find the mean and standard deviation for samples of


size 30.
b. Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size
30 will be less than 72.
MORE EXAMPLES
8. A population has mean 48.4 and standard deviation 6.3.

a. Find the mean and standard deviation for samples of


size 64.
b. Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size
64 will be less than 46.7.
ACTIVITY
According to the Department of Transportation, the average time
spent driving each day of age group 15-16 years old is 25 minutes.
You randomly select 100 drivers ages 15 to 19. What is the probability
that the mean time they spend driving each day is between 24.7 and
25.5 minutes? Assume that the population standard deviation is 1.5
minutes.

a. Find 𝜇𝑥ҧ and 𝜎𝑥ҧ .


b. Compute the z-scores and probabilities that correspond to 𝑥ҧ =
24.7 minutes and 𝑥ҧ =25.5 minutes
c. Interpret the results.

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