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I - Blood

Here are the medical names for the bones: 1. scapula 2. humerus 3. sternum 4. femur 5. phalanges 6. carpals 7. ulna 8. radius 9. clavicle 10. carpals 11. vertebral column 12. patella 13. tibia 14. fibula 15. ilium, ischium, pubis 16. metatarsals

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52 views9 pages

I - Blood

Here are the medical names for the bones: 1. scapula 2. humerus 3. sternum 4. femur 5. phalanges 6. carpals 7. ulna 8. radius 9. clavicle 10. carpals 11. vertebral column 12. patella 13. tibia 14. fibula 15. ilium, ischium, pubis 16. metatarsals

Uploaded by

Kim Ngọc
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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I – BLOOD

- Blood transports nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body.

- It carries gaseous waste (such as carbon dioxide) to the lungs to be exhaled. It


carries chemical waste, such as urea, to the kidneys to be excreted in the urine.

- Blood contains proteins, white blood cells and antibodies that fight infection, and
platelets (thrombocytes) and other proteins that help the blood to clot.

- Blood is composed of cells (45% of blood volume), or formed elements,


suspended in a clear, straw-colored liquid called plasma (55% of blood volume).
The cells are erythrocytes (red blood cells or RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells
or WBCs), and platelets or thrombocytes (cloing cells). Plasma is a solution of
water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins.

- Under the influence of proteins in the blood and bone marrow, stem cells change
their size and shape to become specialized, or differentiated.

- The combination of oxygen and hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) produces the bright


red color of blood.

- There are harmful effects of transfusing blood from a donor of one blood type into
a recipient who has blood of another blood type. Therefore, before blood is
transfused, both the blood donor and the blood recipient are tested, to make sure
that the transfused blood will be compatible with the recipient's blood type.
During transfusion, if blood is not compatible, then hemolysis (breakdown of red
blood cells) occurs. This may be followed by excessive cloing in blood vessels
(disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC), which is a life-threatening
condition

- Blood cloing, or coagulation

- Serum is related to plasma. It is plasma after the cloing factors have been
removed.

- Leukemia: Increase in malignant white blood cells (leukocytes).

- Granulocytosis: Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood


Exercise
A Match the cells with their definitions.
basophil; eosinophil; erythrocyte; hematopoietic stem cell; lymphocyte; monocyte;
neutrophil; platelet

1. mononuclear white blood cell formed in lymph tissue; it is a phagocyte and the
precursor of a macrophage ______________________

2. thrombocyte or cell fragment that helps blood clot ______________________

3. cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells ___________

4. mononuclear leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies _____________

5. leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acidic dye;
associated with allergic reactions ______________________

6. red blood cell ______________________

7. leukocyte (polymorphonuclear granulocyte) formed in the bone marrow; granules do


not stain intensely and have a pale color ______________________

8. leukocyte (granulocyte) with dark-staining blue granules; releases histamine and


heparin _________________

C Match the listed terms with the descriptions/definitions that follow.


Albumin; antibody; antigen; bilirubin; colony-stimulating factor; differentiation;
erythropoietin; fibrinogen; globulin; heparin; plasma; serum

1. liquid portion of blood ________________________

2. orange-yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are
destroyed ________________________

3. plasma protein converted to fibrin in cloing process ________________________

4. proteins in plasma; separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types _________________

5. hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
________________________

6. substance (usually foreign) that stimulates production of an antibody _____________

7. protein in blood that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood ___________

8. specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood


_______________

9. anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells ________________________

10. plasma minus cloing proteins and cells ________________________

11. change in structure and function of a cell as it matures ________________________


12. protein that stimulates growth of developing blood cells _______________________

E Match the listed terms related to cloing with the descriptions/definitions that
follow.
Coagulation; fibrin; fibrinogen; heparin; prothrombin; serum; thrombin; warfarin
(Coumadin)

1. anticoagulant substance found in liver cells, blood, and tissues __________________

2. protein thread that forms the basis of a blood clot ________________________

3. plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the cloing process ________________

4. plasma minus cloing proteins and cells ________________________

5. drug given to patients to prevent formation of clots ________________________

6. plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the cloing process __________________

7. process of cloing ________________________

8. enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin ________________________

G Match the hematology terms with their meanings.


Coagulopathy; eosinophilia; hematocrit; leukapheresis; myeloid; neutropenia;
thrombocytopenia; thrombosis;

1. derived in bone marrow ________________________


2. deficiency of a type of white blood cell ________________________

3. percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood ________________________

4. increase in a type of white blood cell (seen in allergies) ________________________

5. abnormal condition of clot formation ________________________

6. separation of white blood cells from a blood sample ________________________

7. disease of cloing process ________________________

8. deficiency of platelets _______________________


II – BONES
E Give the medical names of the following bones.
1. shoulder blade _____________________________________________
2. upper arm bone _____________________________________________
3. breastbone _____________________________________________
4. thigh bone _____________________________________________
5. finger bones _____________________________________________
6. hand bones _____________________________________________
7. forearm bone (lile finger side) ____________________________________________
8. forearm bone (thumb side) _____________________________________________
9. collar bone _____________________________________________
10. wrist bones _____________________________________________
11. backbone _____________________________________________
12. kneecap _____________________________________________
13. shin bone (larger of two lower leg bones) __________________________________
14. smaller of two lower leg bones __________________________________________
15. three parts of the pelvis _______________________, _______________________,
and _______________________
16. bones between the tarsals and phalanges ___________________________________

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