Project Report 2

Second Semester
Session 1444/1445 AH

Student Name :

Student ID :

Student Signature :
Department : Department of Information Systems Marks
Course Code : COIS 602
Course Name : Digital Strategies
Deadline : Monday, January 23, 2023

Time : 11:00 AM- 12:40 PM

15
Number of Exam Pages :

Marks
Outcome 1
/5
(5 Marks)

Outcome 2 / 10
(20 Marks)

Signature: ……………………………………. Total

Marks  / 15
Name of the Examiner: (In Figure)

Total
Marks
(In Words)
Q INSTRUCTION:

You need to select only ONE (1) topic.

Task 1 (REPORT): Make a report for the topic which covers what you will present later.
Task 2 (related works): Go to searchable databases such as IEEE, Elsevier, Emerald, Springer
Open, MDPI, Hindawi, google scholar etc. to search related papers in your research interest/area. 5
Task 3 (references): You have to add references in correct sequence. 5
Task 5 (SLIDES): Present your paper 5

Domain 1: K - Knowledge

Q1. Select a topic that related to the course COIS 602 [2]
Q2. Read related work papers [3]

Domain 2: S - SKILLS

Q3. Prepare a PowerPoint slides attractive containing pictures and references related to
the slide, clear and constant format [5]
Q4. Write the references numbers inside the slides [2]
Q5. Write the full references in the last slides [3]
Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Prepared by:

Prepared for:
Table of content
• Artificial Intelligence (AI).

• How does Artificial Intelligence work?

• Why is Artificial intelligence important?

• Examples of Artificial Intelligence

• Types of Artificial Intelligence.

• Branches of Artificial Intelligence.

• Advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence.

• What are the applications of Artificial Intelligence?

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) it’s a branch of computer science dealing with machine
intelligence or a machine that analyses information and takes the appropriate action to
achieve its goals. In other words, artificial intelligence includes both systems that think
and act like humans as well as machines that think and act rationally, yet differently from
humans [1].

 Artificial Intelligence can also be defined as the development of computer systems that are
capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence, such as decision making,
object detection, solving complex problems and so on [2].

 AI, as the Oxford Dictionary defines it, is the theory and development of computer
systems that can perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual
perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation and interpretation [3].

 Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,

especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural
language processing, speech recognition and machine vision [4].

 Artificial intelligence processes large amounts of data much faster and makes predictions
more accurately than humanly possible [4].

 Artificial Intelligence is the process of building intelligent machines from vast volumes of
data. Systems learn from past learning and experiences and perform human-like tasks. It
enhances the speed, precision, and effectiveness of human efforts. AI uses complex
algorithms and methods to build machines that can make decisions on their own. Machine
Learning and Deep learning forms the core of Artificial Intelligence [5].
How does Artificial Intelligence (AI) work [4]?
AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labelled training data, analyzing the data
for correlations and patterns, and using these patterns to make predictions about future
states. In this way, a chatbot that is fed examples of text chats can learn to produce lifelike
exchanges with people, or an image recognition tool can learn to identify and describe
objects in images by reviewing millions of examples.
Why is artificial intelligence important [4]?
AI is important because it can give enterprises insights into their operations that they may not
have been aware of previously and because, in some cases, AI can perform tasks better than
humans. Particularly when it comes to repetitive, detail-oriented tasks like analyzing large
numbers of legal documents to ensure relevant fields are filled in properly, AI tools often
complete jobs quickly and with relatively few errors.

This has helped fuel an explosion in efficiency and opened the door to entirely new business
opportunities for some larger enterprises. Prior to the current wave of AI, it would have been
hard to imagine using computer software to connect riders to taxis, but today Uber has
become one of the largest companies in the world by doing just that. It utilizes sophisticated
machine learning algorithms to predict when people are likely to need rides in certain areas,
which helps proactively get drivers on the road before they're needed.
Examples of Artificial Intelligence [1]
 Chatbots for customer support
 Recommendations from Amazon, YouTube, and Netflix
 Self-driving vehicles
 Robotic vacuum cleaners
 Manufacturing robots
 Smart home devices
 Siri, Alexa, and Watson
 Virtual travel booking agents
 Social media monitors
 Automated healthcare management apps and systems
 Search engines
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools (e.g., GPT-3)
 Online financial investing
Types of Artificial Intelligence [2]:
1- Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): Also known as Weak AI, ANI is
the stage of Artificial Intelligence involving machines that can perform only a
narrowly defined set of specific tasks. At this stage, the machine does not possess
any thinking ability, it just performs a set of pre-defined functions.
- Examples of Weak AI include Siri, Alexa, Self-driving cars, Alpha-Go,
Sophia the humanoid and so on.

2- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Also known as Strong AI, AGI is

the stage in the evolution of Artificial Intelligence wherein machines will possess
the ability to think and make decisions just like human being.
- There are currently no existing examples of Strong AI, however, it is believed
that we will soon be able to create machines that are as smart as humans.

3- Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI): Is the stage of Artificial Intelligence

when the capability of computers will surpass human beings.
- ASI is currently a hypothetical situation as depicted in movies and science
fiction books, where machines have taken over the world.
Branches of Artificial Intelligence [2]
Artificial Intelligence can be used to solve real-world problems by implementing the
following processes/ techniques:

1. Machine Learning: Is the science of getting machines to interpret, process and

analyse data in order to solve real-world problems.

2. Deep Learning: Is an advanced field of Machine Learning that can be used to

solve more advanced problems. Deep Learning is the logic behind the face
verification algorithm on Facebook, self-driving cars, virtual assistants like Siri,
Alexa and so on.

3. Natural Language Processing: The science of drawing insights from natural

human language in order to communicate with machines and grow businesses.
Twitter uses NLP to filter out terroristic language in their tweets, Amazon uses NLP
to understand customer reviews and improve user experience.

4. Robotics: Robotics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence which focuses on

different branches and application of robots. AI Robots are artificial agents acting in
a real-world environment to produce results by taking accountable actions. Sophia
the humanoid is a good example of AI in robotics.

5. Fuzzy Logic: Is a computing approach based on the principles of “degrees of

truth” instead of the usual modern computer "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic.
Fuzzy logic is used in the medical fields to solve complex problems that involve
decision making. They are also used in automatic gearboxes, vehicle environment
control and so on.

6. Expert Systems: Is an AI-based computer system that learns and reciprocates

the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems use if-then logical
notations to solve complex problems. It does not rely on conventional procedural
programming. Expert systems are mainly used in information management, medical
facilities, loan analysis, virus detection and so on.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence [6]
 Reduction in Human Error: It can significantly reduce errors and increase accuracy.

 Zero Risks: Humans can overcome many risks by letting AI robots do them for us.
Moreover, they can provide accurate work with greater responsibility and not wear out easily.

 24x7 Availability: There are many studies that show humans are productive only about 3 to
4 hours in a day. Humans also need breaks and time offs to balance their work life and
personal life. But AI can work endlessly without breaks. They think much faster than humans
and perform multiple tasks at a time with accurate results.

 Digital Assistance: Some of the most technologically advanced companies engage with users
using digital assistants, which eliminates the need for human personnel. Many websites
utilize digital assistants to deliver user-requested content. We can discuss our search with
them in conversation. Some chatbots are built in a way that makes it difficult to tell whether
we are conversing with a human or a chatbot.

 New Inventions: In practically every field, AI is the driving force behind numerous
innovations that will aid humans in resolving the majority of challenging issues. For instance,
recent advances in AI-based technologies have allowed doctors to detect breast cancer in a
woman at an earlier stage.

 Unbiased Decisions: Human beings are driven by emotions, whether we like it or not. AI on
the other hand, is devoid of emotions and highly practical and rational in its approach. A huge
advantage of Artificial Intelligence is that it doesn't have any biased views, which ensures
more accurate decision-making.

 Perform Repetitive Jobs: There are a lot of repetitive tasks as part of our daily work, such
as checking documents for flaws and mailing thank-you notes, among other things. We may
use artificial intelligence to efficiently automate these menial chores and even eliminate
"boring" tasks for people, allowing them to focus on being more creative.

 Daily Applications: Today, our everyday lives are entirely dependent on mobile devices and
the internet. We utilize a variety of apps, including Google Maps, Alexa, Siri, Cortana on
Windows, OK Google, taking selfies, making calls, responding to emails, etc. With the use of
various AI-based techniques, we can also anticipate today’s weather and the days ahead.
Example: About 20 years ago, you must have asked someone who had already been there for
instructions when you were planning a trip. All you need to do now is ask Google where
Bangalore is. The best route between you and Bangalore will be displayed, along with
Bangalore's location, on a Google map.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence [6]
 High Costs: The ability to create a machine that can simulate human intelligence is no
small feat. It requires plenty of time and resources and can cost a huge deal of money.
AI also needs to operate on the latest hardware and software to stay updated and meet
the latest requirements, thus making it quite costly.

 No creativity: A big disadvantage of AI is that it cannot learn to think outside the box.
AI is capable of learning over time with pre-fed data and past experiences but cannot be
creative in its approach.

 Unemployment: One application of artificial intelligence is a robot, which is displacing

occupations and increasing unemployment (in a few cases). Therefore, some claim that
there is always a chance of unemployment as a result of chatbots and robots replacing
humans. For instance, robots are frequently utilized to replace human resources in
manufacturing businesses in some more technologically advanced nations like Japan.
This is not always the case, though, as it creates additional opportunities for humans to
work while also replacing humans in order to increase efficiency.

 Make Humans Lazy: AI applications automate the majority of tedious and repetitive
tasks. Since we do not have to memorize things or solve puzzles to get the job done, we
tend to use our brains less and less. This addiction to AI can cause problems to future
generations.

 No improvement: Humans cannot develop artificial intelligence because it is a

technology based on pre-loaded facts and experience. AI is proficient at repeatedly
carrying out the same task, but if we want any adjustments or improvements, we must
manually alter the codes. However, it can store unlimited data that humans cannot, but
also it cannot be accessed and used like human intelligence.
What are the applications of Artificial Intelligence [4] [7]?
Artificial intelligence has made its way into a wide variety of markets. Here are nine examples.

Banks are successfully employing chatbots to make their customers aware of services and offerings
and to handle transactions that don't require human intervention. 
Banking organizations are also using AI to improve their decision-making for loans, and to set credit
Banking
limits and identify investment opportunities.

AI can automate grading, giving educators more time. It can assess students and adapt to their needs,
helping them work at their own pace.
Education AI tutors can provide additional support to students, ensuring they stay on track.

Law firms are using machine learning to describe data and predict outcomes, computer vision to
classify and extract information from documents and natural language processing to interpret requests
law for information.

Manufacturing has been at the forefront of incorporating robots into the workflow.

For example, the industrial robots that were at one time programmed to perform single tasks and separated from
human workers, increasingly function as robots: Smaller, multitasking robots that collaborate with humans and
Manufacturing take on responsibility for more parts of the job in warehouses, factory floors and other workspaces.

Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans.
One of the best-known healthcare technologies is IBM Watson. It understands natural language and can respond
to questions asked of it.
Other AI applications include using online virtual health assistants and chatbots to help patients and healthcare
Healthcare
customers find medical information, schedule appointments, understand the billing process and complete other
administrative processes.

AI technologies are used in transportation to manage traffic, predict flight delays, and make ocean
shipping safer and more efficient.
Transportation

By analyzing data and using logic to identify similarities to known malicious code, AI can provide
alerts to new and emerging attacks much sooner than human employees and previous technology
iterations. The maturing technology is playing a big role in helping organizations fight off cyber
Security
attacks.

Facebook: Artificial Intelligence is also used along with a tool called DeepText. With this tool, Facebook can
understand conversations better. It can be used to translate posts from different languages automatically.
Twitter: AI is used by Twitter for fraud detection, removing propaganda, and hateful content. Twitter also uses
AI to recommend tweets that users might enjoy, based on what type of tweets they engage with.
Social Media
Instagram: On Instagram, AI considers your likes and the accounts you follow to determine what posts you are
shown on your explore tab. 
References

[1] SCIENCE NOTES, "What Is AI or Artificial Intelligence? An AI Answers," 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-ai-or-artificial-intelligence-an-ai-answers/.

[2] Z. Lateef, "Types Of Artificial Intelligence You Should Know," [Online]. Available:
https://www.edureka.co/blog/types-of-artificial-intelligence/.

[3] M. BEGOVIC, A. OPRUNENCO and L. SADIKU, "Let’s talk about artificial intelligence," March 2018.
[Online].

[4] TechTarget, "What is artificial intelligence (AI)?," [Online]. Available:

https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence.

[5] simplilearn, "7 Types of Artificial Intelligence That You Should Know in 2023," Oct 2022. [Online].
Available: https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/types-of-
artificial-intelligence.

[6] N. Duggal, "Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence," 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://www.simplilearn.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-article.

[7] simplilearn, "Top 14 Artificial Intelligence Applications in 2023," Jan 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/artificial-intelligence-
applications.