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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
236 views32 pagesSlab and Beam
Uploaded by
Amal vkCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Available Formats
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/ 32
24
2.2
2.3
24.
2.5
In case of 2-way slab, the limiting deflection of
the slab is
(2) primarily a function of the long span
(b) primarily a function of the short span
(©) independent of long or short spans
(d) dependent on both long and short spans
[ESE : 1995]
From limiting deflection point of view, use of high
‘strength steel in RC beam results in
(a) reduction in depth 3 .
(b) nochange in depth >
(©) increase indepth ~~
(d) increase in width
21995]
A slab-beam floor system may be supported on
brick walls or framed into a system of RC columns.
The floor thickness (slab + beam web) for the
same span will be
less when framed into a system of RC columns
(b) less when supported on brick walls
(c) the same in both the cases
(A) equal to the wall thickness or size of column
[ESE : 1995]
For maximum sagging bending moment at
support in a continuous RC beam, live load
should be placed on -
(2) spans adjacent to the support plus alternate
spans
(©) all the spans except the spans adjacent to
the support
i's next to the adjacent spans‘of the
support plus alternate spans
(@) spans adjacent to supports only
[ESE ; 1995]
Design of one-way RC slabs for concentrated load
is done by
qo”
vies
27
2.8
2.9
>
Beams and SP
(a) using Pigeaud's moment coer
7 ICients
(b) taking slab strip of unit wiath
cor
load lang
(©) ‘taking slab strip of with ettectvein,
the deflection esi
(6) taking orthogonal slab strips of ya
containing the load
(ESE: 18
The main reinforcement of a RC slab cons
10 mm bars at 10 om spacing. If itis
replace 10 mm bars by 12 mm bar
spacing of 12 mm bars should be
(a) 12cm (0) 14cm
(©) 14.40em () 16cm
TESE : 1995
6g
esiegy
8, then te
Shrinkage deflection in case of rectangular beng
and slabs can be eliniinated by putting
(a) compression steel equal to tensile stee!
() compression steel more than tensile steal
(©) compression steel less than tensile stee
(d) compression steel 25% greater than terse
steel
[ESE : 1996]
AT-beam roof section has the following partouas
Thickness of slab 400mm
Width of rit 300mm
Depth of beam 500 mm
Centre to centre distance of beams :3.0m
Effective span of beams 60m
Distance between points of contraflexure
360m
The effective width of flange of the bear's
(a) 3000 mm (b) 1900mm
(©) 1600mm (a) ‘sor oe: 108
Asimply supported isotropically’ rentocced
slab of side 4 m is subject to a service r
oa
oo esign of Concrete and Masonry Structures 8
a thickness of the slab is 120 mm, Tho
Pb pot resistance reauired 26 per ied ting
an (©) 9kNenim,
a SSawem (@) 18.2kNmim
[ESE : 1996]
beam shown
geation of the in the given
yo coon of the beam = 6.0 m, concrete
oo steel = Fe 415.
ae
1750
eat,
x
|
got “3
Oe 5206 316
.
20+
Inesecion's checked for serviceability rit state
aiaetetion, then it will be found that
{9 the section is unsafe
{h) hesection needs revision
(@ the section is safe
{6 tcannot be judged from the given data
[ESE : 1996]
luiGven that d = effective depth, b = width and
Dz overall depth, the maximum area of
‘compression reinforcement in abeamis
(4) 004 bd (b) 0.04bD
(@ o12ba (d) 0.12bD
[ESE : 1997]
[eAreinforced concrete slab is 75 mm thick. The
‘aimum size of reinforcement bar that can be
Weeds
@ 12mmdiameter® (b) 10mm diameter
8mmdiameter (d) 6mm diameter
[ESE : 1997)
Perec, ‘of two-way slab restrained atl edges,
| Menal reinforcement requiredis
|." 075 times the area of steel provided at
| » pee in the same direction
5 times the area of steel provided at
Midspan in the same direction
(©) 0.375 times the area of steel provided In the
shorter span
(0) nil
[ese : 1997]
2.14 Side face reinforcement is provided in a beam
when the depth of web exceeds
(@) 300mm (b) 450mm
(©) 500mm (d) 750mm
[ESE : 1997]
2.16 Drops are provided in flats slabs to resist
(@) bendingmoment (b) thrust
(0) shear (6) torsion
[Ese : 1997]
2.16 Assertion (A) : The behaviour of an over
reinforced beam is more ductile than that of an
under reinforced beam.
Reason (R) : Over reinforced beam contains more
‘steel and steel is more duatile than concrete.
(@) both A and R are true and R is the correct
‘explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(©) Ais true but R is false
(@) Ais false but R is true
[ESE : 1997]
2.17 Flexural collapse in over reinforced beamsis due
to
(2) primary compression failure
(b) secondary compression failure
(6) primary tension failure
(@) bond failure
[ESE : 1997]
2.18 Asquare slab 4m x 4mis isotropically reinforced
at the bottom. Ifitis subjected to a working load
of 12 kPa (including self-weight), the moment
capacity required as per yield line theory is
(@) 6kN-mim (©) 8KN-mim
(©) 10kN-mim (@) 12kN-min
i [ESE ; 1997]
2.19 reinforced cantilever beam of span 4m, has a
cross-section of 150 mm x 500 mm. If checked
for lateral stability and deftection, the beam will
(@) fail in deflection only
(©) fail in lateral stability only 546
(C) fail in both deflection and lateral stability
(0) satisty the requirements of deflection and
lateral stability
IESE: 1997]
2.20 In an RCC beam, side face reinforcement is
Provided if its depth exceeds
(@) 300mm (©) 500mm
(©) 700mm (6) 750mm
[ESE : 1998]
2.21 The bending moment coefficients for continuous
RC slabs in IS: 456-1978 code is based on
(@) Pigeaud's method
(b) Marcus's method
(©) Yield-line theory
(d) Westergaard’s mathematical analysis
[ESE : 1998]
2.22 The sum of nodal forces at any yield line
intersection in a slab is
(a) zero
(b) infinity
(©) independent of the reinforcement
(@) indeterminate
[ESE : 1998]
2.23 For a composite steel-beam and RCC-slab floor
‘construction
(@) the grade of concrete has to be M20 for the
composite action to be satisfactory
(©) the longitudinal reinforcement of the slab has
to be welded to the beam to develop
‘monolithicity
(€) anotchis made in the stab to house the upper
flange of the beam
(9) shear connectors are provided to develop the
composite action
IESE : 1998]
2.24 The effective width ‘by of flange of a continuous
Team in a floor system is given by
4
6
where Ly represents the
(@) distance between points of contratlexure ina
span
(0) effective span of beams
b= 2 +b, +60, .
Civil Engineering + Volume-!
mbt
(©) clear span of beams
(d) spacing between beams
(ESE 5,
2,25 Beam sections of reinforced concroje
inaccordance with ulimate strenging
design approach, as compareg ig."
designed by working stress method fo, the. ny
conditions ofload and span, and ha sams +
usually have
(@) a larger depth and smatie;
reinforcement
(0) the same depth and same reinforces
(©) smaller depth and more reinforcement
(@) same depth as that of @ deep beam
(ESE; a)
2.26 A doubly reinforced beam is considered eg
economical than a singly reinforced bess
because
(@) tensile stee! required is more than that rg
balanced section
(b) shear reinforcementis more
(0) coneréte is not stressed to its full value
(d) compressive steel is under-stressed
[ESE : 1999)
in
D
amount oy
2.27 As per IS:456-1978 the vertical deflection lint
for beams may generally be assumed to te
satisfied provided that the ratio of span toeflecve
depth of a continuous beam of span up to 10
isnot be greater than
(a) 35 (b) 26
(©) 20 @) 18
[ESE : 1999)
2.28 Negative moment in reinforced concrete beats
at the location of supports is generally mc
higher than the positive span moment. Ths #
Primarily due to curvature at the supports beng
(@) veryhigh (0) very low
(c) zero (d) of reversing nature
a [ese : 1994)
2.29 Inan RCC beam of breadth‘ and overall"
D exceeding 750 mm, side face reinforcer
Fequired and the allowable area of maxim
tension reinforcement shall be respective j
a Desic
ns ign: fConcreteand Masonry Structures a
qg7and 0.02 BD
@ ogeand 0.03 bD
5 196 and 0.04 bO
4 gaseand0.01 BD
\ [ESE : 1999)
aximum sagging bending momentin a gi
127 famultiple span beam, ae
se very San as Well as alernate spans are
ended
ay ediacent spans are loaded
P epansadrning this span areloaded
adjacent spans are unloaded and next spans
aroloaded
[ESE : 2000)
uth Uist with Lisl and select the correct
inoverusing the codes given below the list:
ust-!
A. Minimum percentage of tension reinforcement
of RCbeam
8, Minimum pércentage of shear reinforcement
of RCbeam
6. Maximum allowable percentage of tension
reinforcement of RCbeam
D. Maximum allowable percentage of
‘compression reinforcement of RC beam
List-i
4
ao
a
i
Codes:
a
%
®
A
2
2
1
3
BiG ecu)
Te elat
Si anete
Bee
24 1
[ESE : 2000]
Recording to Whitney's theory, the maximum
} eb ofconcrete stress blockina balanced ACC
Section of depth ‘d’ is
03g (b) 0.430
© 080 (@) 053d
[ESE : 2000]
2.83 As per 18:456, fora singly reinforced rectangular
section,
(a) “eae for Fe 415 steel is 0.48
(6) the depth of the centroid of compression is
0.43 max
(6) the depth of the rectangular position of the
stress block 1S 0.38 Xymae
(d) the maximum value of lever arm is
I~ Xumae
[ESE : 2000)
2.34 For the purpose of design as per 1S:456,
deflection of RC siab or beam is limited to
(@) 0.2% of span (b) 0.25% of span
(6) 0.4% ofspan —_(d) 0.45% of span
{ESE : 2000]
2.35 As per IS: 456, side face reinforcement, not less
than 0.05% of web area, is provided on each side
when the depth of web is not less than
(@) 300mm. (©) 400mm
(©) 500mm. (@) 750mm
[ESE : 2000]
Directions: The following items consists of two
staternents; one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’ and the:
‘other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two
statements carefully and select the answers to these
items using the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
() both A and R are true but R is not a correct
‘explanation of A
(©) Ais true but Ris false
(d) Ais false.but Ris true
2.36 Assertion (A) : Shear capacity of a concrete beam
increases with the increase in tension
reinforcement.
Reason (R) : Increase in tension reinforcement
increases aggregate interlocking force.
[ESE : 2000)
2.37 Assertion (A): According to BIS: 456-1978, over-
reinforced sections are not permitted
Reason (R): There is ductile failure of over-
reinforced sections.
[ESE : 2001] — ESRI civil engineering + Volume! 2s
hed,
2.38 Assortion (A): Over-rainforcod dosign of
* feinforced concrote sections is undositablo.
Reason (R): Tension failure of reinforcod concroto
sections is sudcien,
[ESE : 2001)
2.39 For a reinforced concrete beam section the shapo
of the shear stress diagram is
{@) parabolic over the whole section with
maximum value at the neutral axis
(©) parabolic above the neutral axis and
rectangular below the neutral axis
(©) linearly varying as the distance from the
neutral axis,
(2) dependent on the magnitude of shear
reinforcement provided
[ESE : 2001]
2.40 In a reinforced concrete T-beam (in which the
flange is in compression). The position of neutral
axis will
(2) bewithin the flange
(0) be within the web
(©) depend on the thickness of flange in relation
tototal depth and percentage of reinforcement
(@) atthe junction of flange and web
[ESE : 2001]
2.41 Consider the following statements
The reinforcement in reinforced concrete beam
shall have concrete cover, the thickness of such
cover shall be not less than
1, 25mm
2. the diameter of bar
3. the spacing between bars
4. 5mm
Which of these statements are correct?
(@) 3and4 (b) tand4
(0) 2and3 (4) 1and2
IESE : 2001]
2.42 In case of deep beam or in thin webbed RCC
members, the first crack form is
(@) flexural crack
(0) diagonal crack due to compression
(0) diagonal crack due to tension
(d) shear crack
[ESE : 2001)
2.49 Tho spociliod span 10 dopth rat,
satislying tho limits of vertical election
spans up to 10 m. Mae,
1, For higher spans, these are to
by multiplying tho ratios by (ys
metros). Pay
2, For higher spans, these aro to be p,
by multiplying the ratios by (span po
10), ety
3. They getfurther modified depending on,
and type of tension reintorcemeny. *®
4. However, they donot change furthar ying
area and type of compression tentroen
Select the correct answer using the cog,
below:
(a) 1and3
(co) 1and4
5 gre,
(b) 2and3
(d) 2and4
{ESE 2009
2.44 Which ofthe following deformations areimporsy
incase of deep beams when comparedto feu:
alone?
(a) shear (b) axial
(0) torsional (A) bearing
TESE : 2002,
2.45 The maximum depth of neutral axis for a best
with ‘d" as the effective depth, in limit saz
method of design for Fe 415 steel is
(a) 0.46d (b) 0.480
(©) 050d (d) 053d
[ESE : 2002)
2.46 A simply supported rectangular beam of so
20.0 m is subjected to UDL. The minimu®
effective depth required to check deflection
this beam, when modification factor for tens"
and compression are 0.9,and 1.1 respecte
will be
(@ 20m (b) 1.8m
© 13 (d) 1.0
) 13m © 10m 2
2.47 Acontinuous RC beam spans six span poe
each supporting a monolithic reinforced 0"
slab, The beam will best be designed
(@) asa rectangular one throughout iiss
(b) asa tee-beam throughout its spa" |
2.55 Assertion (A) : Under working loads, in a
reinforced concrete beam the lever arm remains
unchanged.
Reason (R) As the bending moment increases,
the total compressive force and tensile force are
assumed to increase in direct proportion.
[ESE : 2003]
2.56 Assertion (A) : Minimum shear reinforcement as
stirrups must be provided in beams, even if the
shear stress 1, is less than the shear strength of
conerete r,
Reason (R) : The bending of beams creates a
tendency in the particles to slide upon each other
with the beam. This tendency is called shear.
[ESE : 2004]
2.57 Assertion (A) : Detailing of bars as per the
requirements of maximum spacing of
reinforcement in beams and slabs is sufficient to
control flexural cracking,
Reason (R): A large number of smaller diameter
bars, well distributed in the tension zone, reduce
the crack width more effectively than a few larger
diameter bars of the same area.
[ESE : 2004]
2.58 What is the value of minimum reinforcement
(in case of Fe 416) in a slab?
(a) 0.1% (b) 0.12%
(©) 0.15% (d) 0.2% j
[ESE : 2004]
2.59 Minimum tension steel in RC beam needs to be
provided to
(@) prevent sudden failure
(b) arrest crack width
(©) control excessive deflection
(d) prevent surface hair cracks
[ESE : 2004]
2.60 Temperature and shrinkage steel is provided in
reinforced concrete slabs because
itoccupies larger area
(b) its thickness is less
(©) itis a main structural element
(A) itis a flexural member
[ESE : 2004]
OQ
Sli
2,61 Minimum shear reinforcement in»,
provided in the form of stirrups” &&my r
(@) to resist extra shear force due to jy,
(b) toresist the effect of shrinkage gy oo 2
¢-—{0" to resist principal tension ‘er
(0) toresist shear cracks athe botom gy,
[Ese. an
2.62 The critical section for computing desi i
force,in an RC beam wheré the supp ee Shey
compressive reaction is at ‘erg
(a) the centre of support
(b) the face of support
(0) adistance of half of effective depin
face of support
(d)-a distance of effective depth from the
support
fromthe
faceg)
SE : 2004)
2.63 Doubly reinforced beams are recommendedvhey
(@) the depth of the beam is restricted
() sadth of the beam is restricted
both depth and breadth are restricted
(d) the shear is high
[ESE : 2004)
2.64 In a cantilever beam carrying gravity load, man
Teint ement is provided
above the neutral axis
(b) as vertical stirrups
(©) asahelical reinforcement
(d) below the neutral axis
[ESE : 2004]
2.65 Match List-I (Beam variable) with List-Il (Desi
provision) and select the correct answer using te
codes given below the lists:
List-1
Flexure
Shear
Bond
Deflection
List-I!
Minimum depth of section
Longitudinal steel reinforcement
Stirrups
Anchorage in support
poRp>
Sewn at 2 Which of these statements is/are correct?
ee 2 Ns (&)tand2. 6h onda
p 2 eae dese (©) 23.and4 (0) tand 4
o 3. B..4. 4 [ESE : 2005]
no Directions: The following items consists of two
: 2004] _ Statements; one labeled as ‘Assertion (A)' and the
aganppanelis@ stuctural componentin other as ‘Reason (Ry’. You are to examine these two
1 Gridtloor Statements carefully and select the answers to these
5 Flat pate items using the codes given below:
(9 Fatslab Codes:
fy Siab-beam system of floor (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct,
« explanation of A
[ESE : 2005) (b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
sqvitich ‘of the following should be employed to” f ner of A
wt eral euppor tothe oaeer (9 Ate but Ais tase
4, Bracing of compression flanges, Ais fates but ie true
year connectors 2.70 Assertion (A) : The concept of locating the neutral
2. sh 5s 9)
4. Bracing of tension flanges. axis ina reinforced concrete flexural member as
centroidal axis is applicable in working stress
iding compres:
A Embed ing pression flanges into RCC. design method, but not in limit state design
a method.
select the correct answer using the code given Reason (R) : The working stress design method
teow: + assumes that the structural material behaves ina
(@) tonly (&) 1 anda nonlinear elastic manner and there is strain
(©) 2and3 @.1,2and4 compatibility in bond between steel and concrete.
[ESE : 2005) (ESE : 2005]
188 Adoubly reinforced concrete beam has effective | 2-71 Assertion (A) : Minimum shear reinforcement in
tai ¢ to the centre of compraselon all shallow beams is provided when shear siress
fanforcement. is the ‘depth ‘of neutral ait exceeds 0.5r, (Where t, is design shear stress).
and'‘d’ is the effective depth to the centre of Reason) () Minimum sfieat romforesment
ep Parana ae prevents formation of inclined cracks and avoids
alk Tike oak ol earibveesion abrupt fallures and introduces ductility in shear.
col cei at the lev pr [ESE : 2005]
oem
@) 0.0085 (1- c/a) fey"0.0035 (1 - dix.) 2.72 Assertion (A) : The working. stress method of
(0 0002(1- ax.) (€) 0.002 (1 - 1a) R.C.C. design of beamsis also known as modular
[ESE : 2005] ratio method,
8 Conic oes Reason (R) : The ratio of stress in steel and
psec Cee OS eee cénorete is the sarie as that of elastic moduli of
g ndarrelnforeed concrete Beem, eu cag ai oacce noun
} actual depth of neutral axis is less ; [ESE : 2008]
Critical depth of neutral axis.
2. concrete reaches ultimate stress priortosteel 2.73 Assertion (A) : In limit state design, over-
‘aching the ultimate stress. reinforced sections are not permitted,
4 moment of resistance is less than that of Reason (R) : As the concrete failure is brittle,
balanced sections. the structure fails suddenly without any warning.
i of
~ lever arm of resisting couple is less than [ESE : 2006)
balanced sections. 552
2.74 Shear strength of concrete in areinforced concrete
beam is a function of which of the following:
1. Compressive strength of concrete
2, Percentage of shear reinforcement
3. Percentage of longitudinal reinforcement in
tension in the section
4. Percentage total longitudinal reinorce-ment
inthe section
Select the correct answer using the codes given:
(@) 1,2and4 (b) 1,2and3
‘Only 1and3— (d) Only tand4
[ESE : 2006]
2.75 As per codal provisions in two way slabs, the
minimum mild steel reinforcement to be provided
in the edge strip is
(@) On the basis of minimum bending moment
(0) Half of the area of steel provided in middle
Strip in the shorter span
(C) Half of the area of steel provided in middle
Strip in the longer span
oO 0.15% of the cross-sectional area of concrete
[ESE : 2006]
"2.76 AT-beam root section has the following particulars:
Thickness of slab £100 mm,
Width of rib 300 mm
Depth of beam 500mm
Centre to centre distance of
beams :3.0.m
Effective span of beams 6.0m
Distance between points of
contraflexure 3.6m
Whatis the effective flange width of the T-beam? .
(a) 3000 mm (b)_ 1900 mm_
(c) 1600mm 1500 mm
IESE : 2006]
2.77 A-beam behaves as a rectangular beam of width
equal to its flange if its neutral axis
(a) coincides with centroid of reinforcement
(0) coincides with centroid of Tsection
‘emains within the flange
(0) remains in the web [ESE : 2006)
2.78 Inthe case of a continuous RC beam, in order to
+ obtain the maximum positive span moment, where
2 —
[EEEZEINYY civit engineering + Volume-! Ob,
should the live load be placea?
(2) Onall the spans
(b) On alternate spans starting trom they
(©) On spans adjacent t0 the spar
consideration Und,
_ AB) On the span plus alternate Spang
[Ese
2.79 The cover of ongituinalreintorcing baring
subjected to sea spray should not
which one of the following?
(2) 30mm ) 70mm
(©) 75mm “fe 80mm
[Ese 2007,
2.80 Which one of the following is correctn resp
the material efficiency of RCC flexural elem
in rectangular beam, T-beam and two-way sng
(a) Allthe three sections are equally efficien,
(b) T-beam section is most urieconomical
(©) Two-way slab is most economical
‘The efficiency of rectangular section tes
between that of T-beam and two-way sah
sections
be less tan
[ESE : 2007)
2.81 How can shear strength be ensured ina bean?
(@) By providing binding wire on main bars
(b) By providing HYSD bars instead of mild steel
bars
(©) ByproViding rounded aggregate
()-BY providing stirrups
[ESE : 2008}
2.82 Usually stiffness of a simply supported beamis
Satisfied if the ratio of its span to depth does mt
exceed which one of the following?
(a) 7 (b) 10
on
(d) 2
2.83 When is an RCC roof slab designed asa twoned
slab?
(@) Ifthe slab is continuous over two oppest®
edges only
(b) Ifthe slab is unsupported at one ed9
(C) Ifthe ratio of spans in two directions is > 2
rections is <2
“QA the ratio of spans in two dire tose 208
[ESE : 2008)
e orl! Des
: on ofConcreteandAtasonty Structures =
$$
; singly reinforced beam, the 4
joa ates es a
ree: What is SUCH a Section known ne
paired section
‘ver‘einforced section
galanced section
ig Eoonomic section (ESE: 2008)
js the design of i
3 pondestabe? RG section as over
S teonsumes more concrete
) undergoes high strains,
fails suddenly
(a tseppearance isnot good
[ESE : 2008)
yahal is the moment capacity of an under.
refoxced rectangular RCC beam?
f@) Ro? (0) Rat?
A) Agsid (a) A,ja
{Gmbols have the usual meaning)
[ESE : 2008]
wtina singly reinforced concrete beam section,
maximum compressive stress in concrete and
tensile stress reach their permissible stresses
simultaneously. What is such a section called?
(@) Under-einforced section
(v) Economic section
© Balanced section
(d) Over-teinforced section [ESE : 2008)
88 For shorter storey height, cheaper form work and
better ighting facilities, what is the recommended
2b floor?
(® Tbeam and slab (b) Two way slab
‘OF Flat slab (d) Framed structure
[ESE : 2008)
Whats the assumption in the steel beam theory
‘doubly reinforced beams?
| &) Only steel bars will resist tension
©) Oniy concrete will resist tension
bares in tension steel equals the stress in
“ion CoMPression steel
(Boh concrete and stee! will resist
{ESE : 2008]
2.90 What shati bo the maximum ara of reinforcernent
(in compression and (iin tension to be provided
nan RC beam, respectively, as per (S:456 ?
{a) 0.08% and 2% — (b) 2% and 4%
(©) 4% and 2% 4% and 4%
a [ESE : 2009]
2.91 Howis the deflection in RG beams controlled as
per 18:4567
(a) By using large aspect ratio
(6) By using small modular ratio
Ae¥By conotng spanks rato
(@) By moderating water-cement ratio
[ESE : 2009]
2.92 In limit state design method, the moment of
resistance for a balanced section using M20
grade concrete and HYSD steel of grade Fe 15
is given by M, mq = Kod”, what is the value of K?
(@) 298 76
© 119 (¢) 089 [ESE: 2009]
2.93 What is the adoptable maximum spacing
between vertical stirrups in an RCC beam of |
rectangular cross-section having an effective
depth of 300 mm ?
(2) 300mm (0) 275mm
(©) 250mm 25 mm
[ESE : 2009}
2,94. Asimply supported RC beam having clear span
5 mand support width 300 mm has the cross
section as shown in figure below,
250 mm—ai
What is the effective span of the beam as per
1S:456? |
5300mm (b) 5400mm |
(©) 5200mm (d) 5150mm }
[ESE ; 2009} + Volume!
54 EGE civit engineering Op,
Seu,
2.95 Match List-l with List-ll and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists
List-t
Moment and shear coefficients
. Fire resistance
Sliding
.. Span to depth ratio of beam
List-t1
1. Durability
2. Stability
3. Analysis of structure
4
ce
com>
Deflection limits
BS
s
+4000
D
3
4
3
4
PN = @
[ESE : 2009)
2.96 Match List-! (Support) with List-II (Shear
Coefficients) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists :
List
A. Atend support, for imposed load (not fixed)
B. At inside support, next to end support, for
imposed load (fixed)
C. At end support, for dead load and (lixed)
imposed load
D. Atal other interior supports (other than at'B’),
for imposed load (fixed)
List-tI
1. 05
2. 055
3. 0.60
4. 0.45
6.
B
3
4 2
2
3
Reang
Bh by
(d@) 5
[ESE : 2009}
2.97 |The ACslab, simply supported on all edges as
in figure below, is subjected to a total UDL of
12 kN/m?. The maximum shear force/unit length
along the edge ‘BC’ is
(Ese. ay
"208 areas
2.98 In RCC beams, as the percent
tensile steel increases
1a) depth of neutral axis increases
(0) depth of neutral axis decreases
(c) depth of neutral axis does not, ‘change
(d) lever arm increases
[ESE £2010)
2.99 Inthe lim state method, balanced designs
alles concrete section and maximums
of reinforcement
(©) largest concrete section and maximumarea
of reinforcement
(©) smallest concrete section and minimumarea
of reinforcement
(4) largest concrete section and minimumarea
of reinforcement
[ESE : 2010)
2.100 The maximum per cent of moment redistibuten
allowed in RCC beams is
(0) 20%
(d) 40%
[ESE : 2010]
2.101 Assertion (A): The behaviour of an ove"
reinforced beam is more ductile than that of une
reinforced beam.
Reason (R): Over-einforced beam comet
more steel and steel is more ductile In
conerete. ae
(@) both A and R are true and R is the
explanation of A - ve
(b) both A and R are true but R is not 2°
explanation of A
ad (2 is false but Ris true
—r"
: FESE: 2019)
rrainreinfotcement of aR, say
. slab cong;
yyiomm barsat 100mm spacing, itis ee
replace the 10M bars by 12 mm ee esited
pespacing of 12mm bars shouig pg nen
wom (©) 140mm
: 44 mim ) 160mm
(ESE : 2014)
pear resistance of concrete in ar
teemis dependent on
-_gg) Tension reinforcementin the beam
_ “qj Compression reinforcement in the beam
| (@ Shear reinforcement in the beam
| {g) None of the reinforcement in the beam
| [ESE : 2011)
_yntinlimit state design of concrete for flexure, the
yea of stress block is taken as
| (@) 0.530 fay Xy (0) 0.446 fx,
(9) 0.420 fey X, 0.360 f,,..X,
(ESE : 2011]
|1(For a continuous slab of 3m x 3.5 m size, the
ririmum overall depth of slab to satisty vertical
dellection limits is (If Fe415 steel used)
| @ 120mm
| (75mm
einforcement
(2) 50mm
[ESE : 2011]
{NBA reinforced concrete slab is 75 mm thick. The
maximum size of reinforcement bar that can be
Used is
(@) 6mm diameter
|
ie diameter
© 10mm diameter
(12mm diameter
[ESE : 2011]
[MA reinforced concrete cantilever porch has
ickness t. The main reinforcement steel willbe
Placeg
8) Atmidthickness
ALY trom the top
| © Close to the bottom surface
lose to the top surface [eSE: 2014]
Design,
Conereteandasony Structure
555
2.108 Consider the folowing statements:
Percentage of steel for balanced design of a
Singly reinforced rectangular section by limit
State method depends on
1. Characteristic strength of concretel
2. Yield strength of concrete.
3. Modulus of elasticity of steo!
4. Geometry of the section
Which of these statements are correct?
(@) 2,.3and4 (b)_ se and 4
(©) 1,2and4 1,2and3.
[ESE : 2011]
2.109 The minimum strain at failure in the tensile
reintorcement (f, = 400 MPa) of RCC beam as
Per limit state method is
(a) 0.0020 (b) 0.0028
{9-00037 (@) 0.0045
[ESE : 2011]
2.110 If the deipth of actual neutral axis in a beam is
more than the depth of critical axis, then the!
beam is called
(Over-reinforced beam
(0) Under-reinforced
(©) Balanced beam
>
(@) Deep beam Cc
Me
sy
answer using the code given below the lists. «
od
;
List-
Doubly reinforcement section
Limit state design
Minimum cover
Span-depth rati
List-
Serviceability
Durability
Reduction in sectional depth
|. Ultimate moment capacity
Codes:
A
@ 1
©) 3
1
3
pom
Peo
©
a
RAND
nyeso
so+00
[ESE : 2011]
[ESE : 2011]
2.111 Match List+! with List-II and select the caehy
no
Qu
a0
ia 556
2.112 Ifa two-way slab is found to be unsafe in shear,
then the preterred remedy is
{@) to provide shear stirrups
(b) toincrease the flexural reinforcement by 15%
{G30 increase the thicknoss of tho slab
adequately
(d) to increase the distribution reinforcement in
s
le [ESE : 2012]
2.113 Which of the following assumpticn is/are implied
in the table listing moment coefficients for
continuous slabs?
1. Loadis distributed uniformly along supports.
2. Mid-span deflections in orthogonal directions
are the same.
3. Load distribution along each support is
triangular.
4. Support moment is about 1.5 times span
moment
(@)1,2.3and4 _4(e 2only
(c) 3only (d) 4only .
[ESE : 2012)
2.114 simply supported beam has an effective span
of 16 m, What shall be the limiting ratio of spar
to etfective depth as per IS 456- 20007
(@ 2% () 2
Ao) 125 7
[ESE : 2012]
2.115 simply supported beam is considered as a
deep beam if the ratio of effective span to overall
depth is less than 6
) 2
@1
@3 (a) 4
[ESE ; 2012)
2.116 Torsion reinforcement provided at the corners of
a two-way slab
(@) distributes bending moment uniformly
(b) prevents comers from lifting
(6) controls cracking at comers
(2) does not allows any twist at comers
[ESE : 2012] .
2.117 Deflection limitations over beams are imposed
because excessive deflection may cause
(2) undesirable twisting and distortion of end
connections
ETI civil Engineering + Volume-1
(b) problems in drainage system
(©) psychological effect on users
wo of the above
2.118 Splicing of bars in RCC beams,
a section where
(a) bending moment is zero
{bybending moment is 1888 than hay
maximum bening moment in be
(c) bending moment is maximum
(d) shear force is zero
Ese.
32
canta gs
thre,
ony
USE : zo
2.119As per IS-456 : 2000, side face TeInf orc,
ina beams provided where doping ga!
exces
0 mm (©) 250 mm
(©) 500 mm (d) 1000 mm
[Ese ;
2g,
2.4120 Consider te folowing statements to redean
Of yield lines in a reinforced concrete sap
1. They represent the axis of rotation
2. They will propagate outward tro
load.
They are straight lines between
intersecting planes.
They end at the boundary of the slab ora
another yield line.
Which of these statements are correct?
mM & pie
3.
he
4
HA, 2,3and 4 — (b) 1, 2, and3
(©) 1, 2 and 4 (qd) 2,3 and4
TESE : 201g |
2.121 Critical section for shear in case of flat sibs
(@) ata distance of effective depth of slab te"
the periphery of the column the drop pane
ra @ distance of a/2 trom the periphery oft
columnithe capital/the drop panel
(©) at the drop panel of the slab
(d) at the periphery of the column [adopts
"standard notations}
: [ESE : 21
2.122 The enlarged head of the supporting colt"?
a flat slab is called
(ar capital
(C) panel.
(b) drop
(d) block rese 2
a Desi
oot slgnofConcreteand Masomy Structures
& janreinforcorentinan RCbeam ata
7 gttgarss din ead belo ta coneea
Pr son zr chs ching
ig aid 0 BO ,
reinforced (b) Ovorteinforced
er gored (d) nonhomogeneous
[ESE : 2014)
agstanae between the cenitoid of tho aro of
eron reinforcement and tho maximum
ile ive fibre in a reinforced concrete beam
nis KNOWN aS
Sl depth (8) effective depth
ever arm (a) depth of neutral axis
[ESE : 2014]
snoyreinforced rectangular concrate boam
1 ‘awiath of 150mm and an effective depth of
mm, The characteristic compressive strength
oncreteis 20 MP2 and the tensile strength of
geel is 415 MPa. Adopt the stress block for
‘ete asper IS 456-2000 and take the limiting
(aueo depth of neutral axis as 0.48 times the
fective depth ofthe beam for considering as a
falanced section. What is the likely
‘oximation for the limiting value of the moment
dresistance of the beam?
“(@ 15kNm (b) 25kNm
“fopa5 kN (6) 75kNm
[ESE : 2015]
118in reinforced brickwork slabs, the diameter of
inainreinforcement shall, preferably notexceed
( 8mm (&) 10mm
[o-42mm (d) 16mm
[ESE : 2015]
LarReinforced concrete slabs are designed for
1. Shear
2, Flexure
3. Positive bending moment
Negative bending moment:
| @1,2and3only. (b) tand 4only
£023 d4
| 92,3and4 only (dv, 2,3 any
‘ [ESE : 2016)
Pua collapse in overreinforced beams §
© the to,
2
=) Primary compression failure
~©) Secondary compression failure
autre tension failure
: Bond failure
ca
[ESE : 2016]
557
2.129 Considor tho following statornen's
1. Thominimum stool roquurements of slabs a7
based on considerations of shrinkage and
ternporaturo affects alone, and noton strength.
2. Providing excessive reinforcement in BOOTS
tan result in congestion, tnoreby adversely
‘and compaction of concrete.
Which of the above statements I
(a) 1 only (b) 2only
ter Batn and 2 (a) Neither 1 nor
{ese : 2017)
igjare correct?
2,130,A T-beam becomes identical to @ rectangular
beam with width equal to its flange width when
the neutral axis is
{@) Through the geometrical centre of the bear
(b) At the junction of the rib and the flange
(c) Below the slab
in the flange
[ESE : 2017]
2.181 Statement (1): Torsion reinforcementis provided
at (and near) corners in a two-way slab whicl
fh
is simply supported on both edges meeting aie) ct
the corner.
Statement (I1) : The area of reinforcement in
area required for maximum mid-span momer
in the slab.
{@) Both Statement (1) and Statement (Il) are
individually true, and Statement (Il) is the
correct explanation of Statement (1)
‘ath Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
individually true, but Statement (Il) is NOT
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
(0) Statement(\)istrue, but Statement (I) is false
(@) Statement (I) is false, but Statement (11) is
true [ESE : 2019]
each of the layers shall be three-quarters of es ed h oOo
“
2,132 The positive bending moment coefficient at the
middle of the end-span of a continuous one
way’slab is
Wa) (2 WW
oe (me)e i) (Sets\e
© (weage @ (@
where: w= Live load
w, = Dead load
[ESE : 2020} 558
2.133 beam of size 250 mm width and 460 mm
effective depth is subjected to limit state moment
‘of 146 kNm, If M20 grade concrete and Fed 15
steel are used, the area of steel required will bo
(a) 435 mm? (b) 935 mm?
(©4100 mm? (9) 1235 mm?
[ESE ; 2020]
2.134 Which of the following assumptions are correct for
the lateral torsional buckling of an -section beam?
1. The beam is initially distorted.
2. Its behaviour is elastic.
3. It is loaded by equal and opposite end
moments in the plane the web.
(a) 1 and 2 only Pear ond 3 only
(© 1and3 only ~ (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2020]
2.135 Nominal cover to reinforcement is provided to
1. protect reinforcement against corrosion. »
2. provide shear resistance.
3. protect reinforcement against fire
4. develop sufficient bond strength along
surface area of reinforcement bars.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(@) 1and4 only —(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3.and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
[ESE : 2021]
2.136 In slab design, ratio of maximum diameter of
reinforcing bars to the total thickness of slab
should not be more than
1 x
oa ©) 5
Ba 1
f? 3 OF
[ESE : 2021)
2.137 Consider the following statements regarding the
slabs:
1. When the longer span to shorter span ratio
is greater than or equal to two, itis a two-
way slab.
2, Inone-way slab, the load transfer is chiefly
by bending in the shorter direction.
3._ In two-way slabs, the load transferred by
bending in both orthogonal directions,
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1. and 2 only (b) 3 only
_()-2,and 3. only (d) 1 and 3 only
o [ESE : 2022]
[EEEZEIITY civit engineering + Volume
Oly
Sibi
Directions for the following five (05) itemg.
following information and answer the fiyg Ra a"
follow: era
A singly reinforced concrete beam with an,
span of 4 m has a rectangular cross sper
width of 300 mm and an overall depth of 55°
beam Is reinforced with stecl of Fo-415 grag”
250 mm? at an effective depth of 500 mmr, 712%
weight with dead load of the beams 4 kNm, of!
-16 grade concrete and a,,.=5MPa;g, ant
4
eve is the bending moment due to deaqy,
) ee
8000 Nm (B) 80 kNm
(c) 32 KNm (d) 3200 Nm
[ESE aoe)
2.139 What is the modular ratio?
28 40
@F & 2
56 86
Ay 2s oF
UESE : 2029
2.140 What is the depth of critical neutral axis?
(a) 134.33 mm (©) 124.33 mm
(0) 154.33 mm 144.33 mm
[ESE : 2029)
2.141 What is the moment of resistance of the secten
if the actual depth of neutral axis is 100 mm?
(a) 36.83 kNm 26.83 kNm
(©) 16.83 kNm. (6) 46.83 kNm
(ESE : 2022]
2.142 What is the permissible live load on the bean?
(2) 13.43 kNim (b) 9.43 kNIm
(©) 8.43 kN/m (d) 6.43 kNIm
[ESE : 2022)
2.143 A section is said to be under-reinforced whet
(@) the depth of actual neutral axis is grea
than the depth of critical neutral axis
(b) she depth of actual neutral axis is less
the depth of critical neutral axis
(©) the depth of actual neutral axis is €4
the depth of critical neutral axis
(@) itis not related to the depth of neutl®
(ESE: 204
.
yal 22 (©) 23
2.41 (0)
2.20 (a)
2.29 (c)
2.38 (c)
@ 247 ()
fa 258 (©)
Lig (@) 265 (3)
2.74 (0)
2.83 (a)
2.92 (b)
2.101 (d)
2.110 (a)
2.4 © 25
213 (a)
222 @
2.31
212 (©)
2.21 (c mu
2.23
2.32
2.41
loa 2.30 (a)
2.39 (b) 2.40 ©
2.49 (d)
2.58 (b)
2.67 (d)
2.76 (¢)
2.85 (c)
2.48 (b)
2.87 (d)
2.66 (0)
2.60
2.59
2.68
277
2.86
2.95
2.75 (d)
2.84 (a)
2.93 (d)
2.102 (0)
2.94 (a)
2.108 (a)
2.111 (d) 2.112 ©)
2.119 (a) 2.120 (a) 2.121 (by
2.128 (a) 2.129 (0) 2.130 (d)
2.187 (0) 2.198 (a)
a Beams and Slabs
24 (b)
The strip of a two way slab may be checked for
dellection control against shorter span to effective
depth ratios.
Span to effective depth ratio
2.139 (0)
Type ot renfocornert
Type of slab
i Mid Steel | Fe 415 grade steel]
[Simply supported 38 28
Cotinvous 20 2
Rie
The effective span to depth ratio.
« diferent type of tension stee! ar
__ Mutiplying the basic values of eff
| depth ratio with modification factor
“Fethigher rad of stee! modticationf2to" vob
Stallbe less as per figure no. 4/15 456: thus dept
__ Slmember required will be Mo"?
for beam with
‘9 obtained by
fective span to
(d)
(a)
()
(d)
(b)
(a)
(bo)
©
©
(¢)
2.104 (d)
2.113-(b)
2.122 (a)
2.131 (b)
2.140 (d)
23
Desi
9 ‘Ign of Coy
Beams and Slabs,
p (o)
26 (© 27
248 (0)
@ 28 (4) 29 (bo)
2.18 ()
2.27 (b)
2.36 (a)
2.45 (b)
216 (d) 2.17 (a)
2.24 (a) 2.25 (c) 2.26 (d)
2.33 (a) 2.34 (0) 2.35 (A)
2.42 (0)
2.51 ()
2.43 (a) 2.44 (a)
2.52 (c) 2.53 (b) 2.54 (b)
2.60 (a) 2.61 (c) 2.62 () 2.63 (c)
2.69 (b) 2.70 () 2.71 (@) 2.72 (a)
2.78 (a) 2.80 (d) 2.81 (d)
287 () 2.88 (c) 2.89 (c) 2.90 (6)
2.98 (b) 2.97 (a) 2.98 (a)
2.105 (b) 2.106 (b) 2.107 ()
2.114 (2) 2.115 (b) 2.116 (0)
2.123 (a) 2.124 (v) 2.125 (©)
2.182 (a) 2.133 (0) 2.134 (©)
2.141 (b) 2.142 (b) 2.143 (0)
279 ()
2.99 (a)
2.108 (b)
2.117(0)
2.126 (0)
2.135 (0)
span
Effective depth = 7 Value xMF_
(a)
Beam column will make the slab either fixed or
continuous for which less slab thickness is
reqiired. In case of slab supported on brickwork
the slab willbe simply supported for which higher
thickness is required
When beam slab is supported on masonry
walls, itis like simply supported beamVslab.
‘2
Hence bending moment at mid span = "=
«When it is framed bending moment at mid
2
thickness of floor for the span will be less
when ftamed into a system of RC columns. 560
2.4 (c)
The maximum momen! or shear force at a section
depends on the position of the live load.
(i) For maximum positive span moment at mid
point, load that span and all other alternate
spans.
(i) For maximum positive support moment,
unload the spans on either side of the support
and load the next spans.
(iii) For maximum negative span moment at mid
point, load the adjacent spans on either side
of the span and all other alternate spans.
(iv) For maximum negative moment at support,
load the two spans next to adjacent span and
all other alternate spans,
For case (i)
Position of load for maximum
positive moment at P
For case (iv)
Posiion of load for maximum posite
‘moment at.
2.5 (a)
Pigeaud's moment coefficients can be used for
computing bending moments in a panel freely
supported along four edges with restrained
corners and carrying symmetrically placed load
distributed over small area i.e. a concreted load.
Pigeaud derived these curves for thin plates,
using elastic theory of flexure, and assuming
Poisson's ratio of 0.15.
(c)
The horizontal distance between parallel main
EEEEZZIET civit engineering + Volumet
27
28
reinforcement bars shall not be mors y
times the effective depth of solid sia” ay
whichover is smaller. The total reine i‘
the slab should remain same. py ,,
10 mn bars by 12 mm bars, the oh
SPacing
increase as 9
2 2
d, 12
(2) x5, -(#) 10= 14.40m
(a)
The bond between concrete and ste
shrinkage. Therefore, the shrinkage cuvan
influenced by the area of tension and conn”?
reinforcement equally. ress,
The shrinkage curvature
Ou = Bey/O
,,— free shrinkage = 0.0003
D- Overall depth of beam
R-P,
= 0721 <1)
B Rs
for 0.25 $ P,P, 51
= 065t=F <19
VR
for P,-P,24
P., P;> percentage of compression and tension
steel respectively
Thus shrinkage deflection can be eliminated ty
making compression steel equal to tension ste.
(d)
Effective width
(i) ForT-beams p, = 2 +b, +6D, #0
(li) Forinverted L-beam
L
by=oo
1 = + Oy +80, 2
(il) Forisolated T-beam.
b= to 4b,
2) +4
db
(iv) Forisolated L-beam
by = 72 Ste a,”
(2) +4
b
6, effective width of flange ens
lo of conallexute) which may be taren
20 reflective span orcontinugucten®
o7 reams in frames
on preach of we
67 hicknoss of flange
17, actual width of flange which is equal to
gain of web plus half the sum of the clear
ange between the Beams on either side,
ip = 300 + 2700 = 3000 mm
1, = 3600mm
= 300mm
= 100mm
isbeams
i 3222 4 300 +6100 = 1500 mm
(0)
: : wi
vomentot resistance = “3
gett weight of slab = 0.12 x 25 = 3 kNim?
service load = 6 kim?
Utimate load = 1.5 x (6 + 3) = 13.5 KNim?
Utimate moment capacity
13.54?
= = 9 kN
: 3a kN-mim
Note proof:
> ce
=2m—
ee
Suppose Woad is acting per unit area.
Hence the force on any triangular slab at 0.
Location of C.G. from the edge
Ott
-G 34
EMyg = 0
Des
gn of onereteand Masonry Structures
ea
ween
gistance be! Points of zero moments
561
[Wext]x2-MxL =0
2.10 (d)
2.42
space
Minimum ‘o = 7) value
The final deflection is lirited to span/250 or 20 mmm
whichever is less.
So limiting deflection = 17.1 mm
Type of beam is not mentioned (cantilever/simply
supported/continuous). (A) value cannot be
found.
‘Therefore it can not be judged from the given data.
(b)
As per 1S:456-2000 maximum area of
compression or tension reinforcement shall not
exceed 0.04bD.
Common Mistake:
Minimum tension reinforcement Aj,
Minimum tension/compression reinforcement
Ag = 0.04DD.
Note the difference here of total depth and effective
depth.
(c)
The diameter of the bars shall not exceed one
eight of the total thickness of the slab.
=. Maximum size = a 9.375 mm
So the diameter will be 8 mm.
2.13 (d)
For restrained slab, the area of reinforcement in
each of the four corner layers shall be three-
quarters of the area required for the maximum
mid span moment in the slab simply supported
onboth edges meeting at that corner. Ifthe corner
contained by edgés over only one of which the
slab is continuous, torsion reinforcement equal to
0.975 times the area of reinforcement provided
the mid-span.in shorter span direction shall be
provided. If both edges are continuous, no torsion
reinforcement shall be provided,
Support condition are not specified. Considering ™
562 EEO civil engineering + Volume+ Ohi,
See
‘edges continuous option (d) is correct 2.17 (a) ,
Option (a) is wrong due to same direction. Failure of over reinforced section oceurg
Ntshould be 0.75 times the area of steel provided primary compression failure, ony,
inthe shorter span. Under eintorced sections fails dueta eq,
compression. ey
2.14 ()
As per IS 456 : 2000, cl. 26.5.1.3, where the 2.18 (d)
depth of web in a beam exceeds 750mm, the The term isotropically reinforced moa,
side face reinforcement shall be provided along moment capacity per unitlength, Mis the ae _
the two faces. The total area of such reinforcement
shall not exceed 0.1% of the web area and shall
be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing
not exceeding 300 mm or web thickness
whichever is less.
2.15 (c)
The slabs supported directly on columns without
beams are know as flat slabs. In such slabs, large
bending moments and shear forces are induced
in the vicinity of columns. Therefore the columns
are flared at the top called column heads or column
capitals and slab are thickened around the column
capitals called drops for reducing the stresses
due to moments and shears. The drops primarily
resist shear.
Slab
Column Column
1 capital
Flat slab with
column capital
Drop panel
Flat slab with
column capital
‘and drop panel
2.16 (d)
In under-reinforced beam, the reinforcement failure
‘occurs first while in over-reinforced beam the
concrete failure occurs first. Thus under-reintorced
beam is ductile and over-reinforced beam shows
sudden failure i.e., brittle.
no matter which is the direction, Hence,
ling in such slab has no torsional stieng,
Ultimate load (w,) = 1.5 x 12 = 18 4p
Moment capacity
2.19 (c)
Span 4000
Effective depth 500
So the beam will fail in deflection,
For stability, the clear distance trom the ree eng
of the cantilever the lateral restraint shar
=8>7
exceed 25b or 100% whichever sess,
Consider nominal cover = 40 mm
Effective depth = 500 - 40 = 460mm
Clear Distance = 25 x 150 = 3750mm
2
or 1O0x(160F"
(460)
Thus clear distance between the lateral restarts
shall be 3750 mm. However the span is 4m.
the beam fails from lateral stability consideraten
also.
2.20 (d)
As per IS 456 : 2000 (clause 26.5.1.3), Whee
depth of web in a beam exceeds 750 mm,s®
face reinforcement shall be provided along
two faces.
2.21 (0)
IS 456 ; 2000 has adopted moment coetiice™*
derived by Rankine-Grashoff for the anavs5
simply supported rectangular slab without
Provision for torsion as in Table 27.
However, for continuous RC slab,
Table 26 is based on yield line theory.
= 4891.3 mm
coxticien’
dl ~ aaa
ot ene
é
et bk total force acting on segment at intersection
Fhevo adiacent straight portions of yield ine ig
nodal force. The shear force acting on
wien side of yield line should be equal and
ost for equilorium. Thus sum of nodal forces
ge unction of yield lin is zero,
@)
8 ee connectors prevent separation between
gee! gitder and in-situ concrete slab by
transferring horizontal shear force along contact
surface without slip. Thus they are important
sructural element for composite steel beam and
ROC slab floor construction,
yt (8)
He gper Clause 23.1.2. In effective width formula
forTbeam L, represents distance between points
ofzer0 moment in beam,
ws (c) 3
LsMand ULM follow non linear stress-strain curve
of steel and concrete i.e. utilize the strength in
plestic zone. So sections designed have lesser
depth in comparison to member designed by
WSM. For the same load, bending moment is
more in case of LSM compared to WSM due to
provisions for partial safety factors. As depth
decreases in LSM, lever arm decreases and
hence larger area of reinforcements required as
compared to WSM.
226 (a)
‘The doubly reinforced beam section is needed
0) when depth of the section is restricted and
the strength available from a singly reinforced
section is inadequate
Actual stress in compression steel is found less
‘han its strength so high area of steel is required
'0be provided due to which doubly reinforced
Section become uneconomical
Urb)
i to effective depth ratios for spans upto
19m,
Cantilever -7
Simply supported - 2
nuous - %
Note
bem For span greater than 10m, the values may
*Muttistied by 10 x span in meters.
Design of Concreteand Masonry Structures
563
2.28 (a) ae
Where curvature at the supports is very high,
shows more moment.
MLE
L R
cunvative + Qoel=
vate 2 ;
(Curvature « Moment)
2.29 (c)
As per Clause 26.5.1.1 and 26.5.1.3. The
maximum area of tension reinforcement should
not exceed 0.04bD and total area of side
reinforcement should not be less than 0.1% bD
andit should be distributed equally on two faces
at spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web
thickness whichever is less.
2.30 (a)
Lveload
‘Max sagging
‘moment ata span
Loading requited for maximum sagging (+) BM
at mid span of any beam.
From figure, load should be placed on the span
as well as alternate spans for maximum sagging
bending moment in given span of multiple span
beam,
2.31 (b)
() Minimum area of tension reinforcement
222 (od) or S225,
i i
(i) Maximum tension or compression
reinforcement = 0.04 bD or 4% of gross area.
(i) Minimum shear reinforcement “ez 20-4
bs, “0.875,
as per IS : 456-2000
‘Shear reinforcement in IS : 456-1978 was
given as Aw » 04
bs,
+. The percentage reinforcement is
Aa. _ 405,
bd 564 Civil Engle
2.32 (d)
‘Whitney's theory is ultimate load theory. tis basod
on the assumption that ultimate strain in concrete
is 0.3% and the compressive stress al tho
extreme edge of the section corresponds to this
strain. Whitney replaced the actual parabolic
stress diagram by a rectangular stress diagram
such that the centre of gravity of both diagrams
lies at the same point and their areas are also
equal. He found that the average stress of the
rectangular stress diagram is Koz, .Where Kozy
is the ultimate compressive strength of concrete
cylinders at 28-day and K = 0.85.
The depth of rectangular stress block = 0.5370.
2.33 (a)
() Maximum depth of neutral axis for
f, = 250 Nimm? is 0.53d and for f, = 415
Nimm?is 0.484.
(i) The depth of centroid of compression from
maximum strain fiber is 0.42 ¥,, may:
3
(ii) The depth of rectangular block is 5 ymax
0.43, max
(iv) The maximum value of lever arm is
d~0.42 x, may
2.34 (c)
As per IS 456 : 2000, clause 23.2, the final
deflection due to all loads including the effects of
temperature, creep and shrinkage and measured
from the as-cast level of the support of floors,
roofs and all other horizontal members, should
span
ah $220 0.4%
not normally exceed = of span,
2.35 (d)
As per IS 456 : 2000 clauses 26.5.1.3 where the
depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm
side face reinforcements shall be provided along
the two faces. Total area of such reinforcement
shall not be less than 0.1% of the web area and
distributed equally on two faces.
2.36 (a)
The shear reinforcement contributes to the strength
of the beam in the following ways.
()_Itcarries a part of the shear due to the truss
action.
™
Jing + Volume-I Ol
Soha
(i) increases shoar transfer by
interlock by limiting the openig
diagonal tension crack, Gof gy
(i) Increases tho dowel action by
supportto tho longitudinal bar wich gc"
crossed by the shear crack bony
(iv) Itincroases strength of concrete in
particularly concrete by the close)
web reinforcement. Y cag
2.37 (c)
Failure of over-reinforced sections is of jy
ity
nature.
2,38 (c)
Compression failure of reinforced cones
sections is sudden, “
2.39 (b)
Shear stress varies it RCC beam as shown
3 Parabolle
p Rectanguar
VIB)
2.40 (c)
The neutral axis of T-beam may either bein the
web or in the flange depending upon thickness
of flange, percentage of reinforcement, amourt
of tensile steel, proportions of cross-section and
compressive strength of materials.
2.41 (d)
For longitudinal reinforcing bar ina beam. the ce
cover shall not be less than 25 mm nor less ha?
the diameter of such bar as per 1S 456:1978
2.42 (c)
The deep beams are used in water tanks, Dunes
buildings ete. The basic assumption that pa
section remains plane even after bends
(Bernoulli's assumption) is not valid for doer
beams.
Since the bending stresses are small and"
stress is large, so the principal tensile tess
nearly equal to the shear stress. There
diagonal tension crack are the fist 0 star"
—
i sheo Pr
é
18h 4g ere correct, 8S per clause 23.2.1, 1s
east Design of ConcreteandMasonry Structures
e ror spans greater than 10-m, the values are
robe mutiplied by (3)
epending upon the area of compression
gee hese values should be further modified
sy multiplying with modification factor given
py ig, 509 PQ 39 IS 456 : 2000,
ie Lah beams: As per |S 456 : 2000, clause 25.1
jveam shallbe called a8 a deep beam when the
oot effective span to overall depth, /Dis than
{, 200! simply supported beam, and
1. 25for continuous beam.
prcase of deep beams, shear deformations more
inpotance.
160)
io = 415Nimm?
nd 2x 10° Nimm?
ad 0.480
fo 250 N/mm?
053d
469)
Santo efféctive depth ratio
10
= 20x{ 2} =10
2)
Span to effective depth ratio with modification
fictos = 10 x 09 x 1.1=9.9
Elective depth = 22 =
eph= 9
.02 m
ta oy
At support the beam should be designed as
"eclangular beam because at support, tension
\illbe upside and compression on downside i.e
ae willbe hogging moment. For span moment
Signthe beam as T-beam as some partof slab
ilact as flange for beam at each of six span
gg 2 due to monolithic reinforced concrete
2.48 (b)
2.49 (d)
565
Cracks are developed when tensie sressesand
strains are caused during shrinkage due t
restraint. Thus shrinkage causes tension cracks.
Transverse reinforcement is required to resist
principal tension with tongitudinal bars also.
2.50 (b)
‘As per IS 456 : 2000, clause 24.1, for slabs
spanning in two direction, the shorter of the (Wo
spans should be used for calculating the span to
effective depth ratio.
2.51 (c)
The shear force should be calculated at critical
section i.e. 1 maway from the face of the column.
Effective span of beams to be taken as the clear
span plus effective depth of beam or centre to
centre spacing of supports whichever is less. The
location of critical section
x 20.254 1=1.25m
z. Design shear force
= 10x 125-975 MN
2.52 (c)
1012 For slab simply supported or fixed on
three edges and free at one edge.
3. for slab simply supported or fixed on all
edges
Key points:
1. Ayield line separating two segments of slab
will be straight and it should generally pass
through the point of intersection of the two
respective axes of rotation, known as the
intersection of two support line.
2. Each fractured slab will rotate about an axis
which is normally the support line.
3. In one way slabs of rectangular shape the
yield line is expected to form in a direction
that is perpendicular to the primary stee!
direction.
4, Intwoway slabs, a yield line may cut across
bars in two directions,
2.53 (b)
The various load combinations are as follows:
() For Dead Load and Live Load the ultimate
bending moments given by, 566 [EGEXEINGY civil engineering + Volume! Si
a
M, = 1.5(OL+ Lt)
5 x (20 +30) = 75kN-m
(i) For Dead Load and Earthquake (Seismic) Load
the ultimate bending moment is given by,
M, = 1.5 (DL + EL)
= 15 x (20+ 10) = 45 kN-m
(ii) For Dead Load, Live Load and Earthquake
(Seismic) Load the ultimate bending moment
is given by,
M, = 1.2(DL+LL+ EL)
= 1.2.x (20 +30 + 10) = 72 kN-m
So, design BM is maximum of all three
combinations i.e. 75 kN-m.
2.54 (b)
For beams casted monolithic with slab @ lot of
lateral support is provided by slab. Shear
connectors are needed if slab and beams are not
casted monolithic.
2.55 (a)
WSM assumes that concrete remains elastic up
to failure ie. stress varies linearly with strain, So
compressive force and tensile force are assumed
to increase in direct proportion with bending
moment. The liver arm remains unchanged, as
depth of NA will not changed.
woe)
2.56 (b)
As per provision 26.5.1.6/P-48 of IS code 456:
2000, if, < 0.5, minimum shear reinforcement
also not needed.
1, < 0.5 1, > No shear reinforcement to be
provided.
When 0.5t, < t, < Tt. Minimum shear
reinforcement.
p< < Tomax design of shear reinforcement
1, > Tomax redesign the section
2.57 (d)
The increasing use of limit state method of design
and high strength concrete lead to wide cracks in
concrete structures. The minimum width of crack
is limited on the basis of appearance of the
structure, durability and corrosion resistance,
The width of flexural cracks at a particular point
on the surface of the member dese
‘on the following factors:
(i) The distance from the point cong
tho surface tothe nearest ongityyj ey
(ll). The distance from the point congja
neutral axis.
(iii) Average strain at that point,
Is code has recommended »,
distance between the reinforcemenen
bbeams and slabs to contol fexuraia
Minimum shear reinforcements provides
the section isnot subjected 10 BM, moms"
high, maximum spacing of teinforcementan
"a Pt,
\
ie,
sider
do
he
Spe
minimum reinforcement may
control cracking. 7 Rot Suc
2.58 (b)
Minimum reinforcementina siab
For Fe250 (mild steel) 0.15%
Fe415(HYSDbars) 0.12%
Welded wire fabric 0.12%
2.59 (a)
IS code recommends minimum percentage
tension steel in RC beams £0 a5 to preven
snapping of reinforcement before crushing and
sudden failure of concrete.
Minimum reinforcement values for beam are
Aion _ 0.88
bd
2.60 (a) *
Temperature & shrinkage reinforcement &
invariably provided at right angles to the mat
longitudinal reinforcementiin a stab because?
surface area of slab is large.
2.61 (c)
The shear at which the inclined crack in best
without shear reinforcementis formed fist ist"
as the shear strength of concrete as the citferenct
between the loads corresponding tothe fistom
and the ultimate failure is very less. Formate?
such crack occur when the principal ensie®
reaches the tensile strength of concrete. NY
mid-span of a simply supported bea oe
touniformly distributed load, where shea!5°"
and bending stress is large, the aiect™
— ec
cipal tensile stross is flat and is noarly equal
onexuraltensil@ stress, This will cause floxural
gnearly vertical to tho axis ofthe boam
g are inated oven whan 05 4, « oo
minimum einforcementis needed toprovery
goural rack due to principal tension,
nes
ee is Code Pr. 22.6.21P-ag)18 456
eee
‘Simply supported beam,
Innormally vertical loading, supports do exert
compressive reaction.
ence critical section for computing design shear
toceinan RC beam in at distance ‘¢' from face
ai support.
supports don not exert compression, then the
attical section is at the face.
1s (c)
Owubly reinforced beam is required to cater
‘blowing needs,
1, Doubly reinforced sections are generally
resorted to in situations where the cross-
sectional dimensions of the beam are
‘estticted (By architectural or other
considerations),
Where singly reinforced section is not
adequate in terms of moment resisting
Capacity.
Doubly reinforced sections also used in a
Situations where stress reversal or moment
‘eversal is likely.
'talso reduces long term deflection due to
Shrinkage or creep.
(My
_ A eanilever beams carrying gravity load, top
+ gqatdbove neutral axis are subjected to tensile
8828 so main reinforcements provided above
reutal axis, .
Designer Concrete and Masomy Sinictures pel
anes
f
{
t
{
Curvature eagram
epee
poacaceacys
_==aaa
i
2.65 (d)
1, Deflection govern minimurn depth of section.
2. Longitudinal steel is for flexure
3. Shear stirrups are used for shear protection.
4. Anchorage jn supports is for provision of
bond,
2.66 (c)
Drop Panelis structural component in flat slab
Column
Copia
Flat slab with
column capital
=} Colum
Drop panel
Fat slab with coturnn
capital and drop panel 568 EET cit engin
2.67 (d)
Lateral support to tho beam can bo provided by
Providing shear connectors, providing bracing in
compression flange or embedding comprossion
flanges into slab.
2.68 (b)
[Tae
gf
z
2.69 (b)
For under-reinforced beam
(ay Ass nar Here the depth of neutral axis is
more than that of balanced neutral axis, Le.1°> op
Itcan be seen that in this case, the utilization of
steelis less than its permissible vaue. The failure
inthis case is called compression failure and the
design is referred to as over-reinforced.
2.111 (d)
Incase ofa slab, shear stresses are usually very
low and shear reinforcement s never provided in
Slab. It is preferred to increase the thickness of
slab and hence reduce shear stress rather than
Provide shear reinforcement.
2.112 (c)
Shear reinforcement are not generally provided in
slab because of the placement difficulties, hence
increase the thickness of the slab and decrease
the shear stress.
2.113 (b)
Assumptions made in analysis of moment
} Coefficient for continuous slabs:
* Mid span deflections in orthogonal directions
are same
* Uniformly distributed load, where there are
‘minimum 3 spans which donot difer in length
by 15% of the longest span
+ Member shall be designed to resist moment
wl
at support of 7 where member is built into
masonry wall which develops partial restraint,
(b) is the closest option,
For moment at supports where two unequal spans
meet or in case where the spans are not equally
loaded the average of the 2 values for the negative
moment at the support may be taken for the
design.
22 EERE cavit engineering + Volumes
2.114 (c)
‘According to clause 23,0
For a simply supported be,
effective depth
L
572
For spans above 10 Mm, the vag
shall be multiplied by 10/span ing
10
6
al
an *e,
= 0.625
= 20x 0.625
al
= 105
2.118 (b)
According to clause 29.1 os ggg 24
A beam shall be deemed to be
when the ratio of effective span eae Me
Dis less than:
1, 2.0fora simply supported
2, 2.5for acontinuous beam
2.116 (c)
Torsion reinforcement are provided ater
avoid the cracking of slab at comers,
2.117 (d)
All the above are the reasons for imins
deflections.
2.118 (b) :
As per provision 26.2.5/P-44) IS 456
Splicing is never done at the locaton ubwe
BM > 50% of maximum BM or
50% of MR
aM; ang
Key point as per IS 456 : 2000, clause 22
1. Splices should not fall in line and ma
staggered. ;
2. Should be away from location of nant
stress.
3. Should not be at locations where Bt>S
of moment of resistance. tol
4. Clause 26.2,5.1 should be follow
slices.
2.120 (a) cel
The following are the characteristics
formeid in RCC slab under ultimate
1. Yield lines are straight aged
2. Yield lines end at supporting
a yiold tines pass through Intorsection of axis
3 rotation of adjacent slab olomonts,
js of rotation los along lines of support
fandpass0s OvOr columns, .
en 456: 2000 CI. 31.6.1
ips
LTO 1 cnicat scction
{or shoar
ntout top and column without alum hod
Critica section
for shear
‘585 wit drop and column with column hood
2122 (a)
ae t
F i i Drop. 7
‘a\ Kenta
Cokin
Fats with drop and column with column hoad.
The enlarge head of the supporting column of a
‘al slab is known as capital.
‘Max. compressed fibro
Efcve dopth (3)
Contd of stool
Design of Concreteand Masonry Structures 573
2.126 (0)
Maryn * 0.198 fey BO?
= 0.138 « 20 « 160 * a"
» 45,005 KN
2.126 (0)
one llowablo = 12 nm
2,127 (d)
Slabs aro mainly dosignod for Bonding and
daflaction, So, Floxuro, Positive Banding Moment
and Nogative Bonding Moment are important.
Slabs aro dosignod for both One way Shear and
‘Two-way Shear (Punching shear) also. Generally
‘no shoar roinforcomont is provided in slab, but
slab must bo safo in shear, It is checked for shear
slross.
2.128 (a)
Socondary compression failure of concrete
‘occurs In undor reinforcement section, in which
sted! fails first and finally failure occur due to
gradual increase of strain in concrete when steel
starts yiolding and finally concrete getting
crashed (callad secondary compression failure).
Inover reinforcement section, failure occur due
to direct failure of concrete that reach to failure
strain 0.0035 first, Stee! does not fail in this
case.
2.129 (0)
1, According to I$ 456 : 2000, minimum
reinforcement in slab are required to avoid
cracks due to shrinkage of temperature
variation not for load/BM.
2, Duo to oxcessive reinforcement spacing
botwoen tho reintorcoment bars will bo less
which will lead to congestion and alfect
placement and compaction of concrete.
2.130 (d)
‘Fbeam will bo identical to rectangular beam
with width equal to i's flange width when neutral
axis remains bolow or at the level of flange.
2.131 (b)
Torsional reinforcomont Is provided to prevent
tho distortion of the saction at corner, 574 EEGRZIETY civit Engineering + Volume! Oly
“hei
2.132 (a) 2,136 (c)
‘As per tabla 12) (S466 As per IS 456 : 2000, Clause 26.5, 5 "
reinforcing bar shall not exceed ang gh
Costlcient of DL = = total thickness of the slab hea
1 2.137 (c)
Coefficient for LL = 0 4
netgear I 7222 it ls one way sla,
Wa
80 maximum am = (Fe 4 He 2 2.198 (a)
Given:Ly, = 4m
2.133 (c) ie
B= 250mm [M20/Fe415] t
= 460 mm 4
M, = 146 kN-m 8
Main = Q.Bd? i
° :
= 0.138 x20 x 250 x 400
10°
= 146 KN-m Balanced section
Wy = 4 kNIm
a M, 146 x 10° For M15,
OB id O87 x 4180.80 460 Scag = 5 Nim?
{ = 1099 mm? 6, = 230 N/mm?
= 1100 mm? (say) Bending moment due to DL,
2
: We
Alternatively, = ae (Assuming simply suppores)
(46M, Axa
oat +2 = . = 8 kN-m = 8000 Nem
: 7 2.139 (c)
iS 120 x 250 x 460% Le ara oneal
: % 250 x 460. 2.140 (d)
A 5 = 1096.43 mm? say 1100 mm? Depth of critical neutral axis,
2,135 (c)
The code IS 456 : (clause 26.4.1) defines the term
nominal cover as “the design depth of concrete
cover to all steel reinforcement, including links.”
This cover is required to protect the reinforcing
bars from corrosion and fire, and also to give the
reinforcing bars sufficient embedment to enable
them to be stressed without slipping (losing bond’
with the concrete).
= 700 = 144 33 mm
(x20+ 2x3),
2.141 (b)
Since, Riese
jon
given section is under reinforced se
thereto
at 575
é ens Design of Concreteand Masonry Structures
<6,
2 < Sete
diet 2.142 (b)
.forunder reinforcement section MR can
found from tension side directly
{lt gotual depth of NA = 100 mm, then
(0-3)
29 MA = 290x250)
= 26.833 kN-m
Permissible live load on beam:
2
8M = MA = 26.83 = “ate
= 13.417KN/m
ow, = 2683x8
Moral = ge
Wa + W,= 13.417 = 13.42 kNim
+ Live load, wy, = 13,42 - 4.0
=, = 9.42 kN/m
2.143 (b)
When x,
