. . Siac 1a Ve! L time Narying o> See ( a ) Sinusoidal bare current > ig = Taga t Teax ne NT Nee < lomv > te = Tea + 'b if Nee ig too large , output Signal will bewme distesttd and Contain Horsnony Cs, | AC equivalent Ciwcuit, Re io: isat is we ic t That & Nee = Neat Vee Nee = Vetas Vee (oo! i) Be Vso c Nee = TeaRgt Veeg i) ms Veto VeagiVs = igRg + Vee 2 Tee Re t Vase 4Vs = jeg 86 + inRg + Veeat Yoo > Ng = lbRat Vee eeCE \oop Te SSE i) Fos Vg zd Nec = fegRe 4 Vere Wi) Fos Vs #0 Neo 2 Nee = icRe + Vee = lege 4 eRe 4 Neca t Vee D eRe t Vee =0 Smatl Signa\ Hybsid - A Equivalent Civcuit of Mo Gibolar Transistos Nee = ipoq Ls 1 is Slope of i@-Yoe Come Bn od Vex +t = Die = 2 (Be “A ) on Dvee | @-pe De \ > 1 : Tee In Nr » Nbe - vq = Nt ae io — 2 ost Tea Teg diffusion resis oM@, ic « Outbuk Oliexto® ~ Ewmitters Bic = 3 © Beg Pvee | @-pe > te = Bic » Vee DveE @-pi- VBE/y, 3 ie zo3s*®ae) - my tea Pee | a-PL- Nv at ywFes > | te = GwVbe Smal — Signal Noltage ain Avs Volvg. No = Vee = (9m Vx) Re Nix = on Vs rr RB so, Avs Ys = ~(9me,) tx = Brg S- B=Wwe | Vee = lav \ Yee = o.av 7 Re =6 KN Re= Ssokn aes lav, x = PNG -N eet 2 Tee Bt Teakgi Vee = 0 | Te@ = \-2-0.7 > %, : or aariies Agee Bere DoKL Se = O.01m A Om = Jeq _-_\ <3 i Seatic= sana Teas Teas twa Volve = =(%w Re) Bx - 885 x 6 x 26 AARG ao 26150 > -\AHyd -1 Equivalent Ciscurt Outpur resigiene Yo = DVcE Bic [@-pt VBE D1 _ Pic - 2 {use (44%) ro (Me lore PNce YAS] O-bt N6e/y. ot - se Teo Yo Va Va > Vor NA Ice G Small Signal svanwicios Cush, VES ea Te Xe } + be tr GSP Fre Vee @ Ya=SoV , Bz\wov, Veort2v. Veer oFv, Res ORM Rea- Sokn, Vee 2t2V om Se shlUmD Tee : Ay = Vo = ~ 9m CRellre) ( =) ~ oe an + Re, 2-6 S so) (28 ) 2-10.20 = -385 (6s) (2% Equivalent Civcuit fos a pnp Transicter ic Yada~ Vo Ne Vx 87% o Fo 3h. Qala 4 No = Gam X Pelle, Rin = Rarer Rout = IIE. Nx = WNSOR Rat x Ay = No _ SwX-YSER | vollR, x Mol a Se Rett ae > Dy = ~- BmColle') Br Ror Gm, Ntzsv Qa. Rin = Reir%, = S2kR Rout = Fol[Re = 9k” Vo wa = 54 Vee 4 Taxse $365 70 Fags G-3: 68-0 Veo Re8Kka > Teo™ 0.0 3x9 AL v Brz BXYT , Hx 0026 | YC@ = L.04mA Tea ale Yo= am = FQ - VOt _ 4owaly ° VT 0.026 — eee — 9m (Fol(R) BA - -40K Ka X 2 eae Tre s2 = -4.61VBosic Transistos Amplifier Gnfiguanons Amp! Ges Ciscuit BeS&ic (am mMoN - Emited Nee \ \2cl = antCe No 2 —BmV x, (Roll Re) Nx = Ril 122 |] Px —___—*_ x Ns RR, [Ba +R No = - Gm Gilles lira ye (Yell Re) Rlleall ARS Av=. Nos vo (a) (Hie) Ns Blea MP ¥ Rs,RaresKn 5, | Tmt eRe A a 5 a R= allele No = -Gm%a¥ 2K0 = -2TH v= et] ee In Nin = Tob + (Tot 650) Re Nin = RE C= iMRI Rid) xVNs Ryle, [[ Rin + Rs ' fv = Ms — PBR Vs Ns ~ = ~6R 4 7 Aus = #Re x Ri pr Ss Rsy 2 {Ore Rem PH r+ (U4B)RE RRs So, Ay = ~ BRe mere Gyre ~ Re GQ. Detewmine tha syna\l- Signal voltage gain and iwhut resistemeg of 3 cE cis cat GWidy @m emitter FesigtS | B= lOO, Vee (on)= oF, Yara. ~ Yo = 0 Rio = Tat CHABVRE o'o26 Rous = Yoo cs 2ka te = BN q feoxoort oe Dib Rin = olla 2k B06 Kr SD Rib=E 2a Che pooreot = Alok Nin = Ns x90b6 guns B06k OS B.Sb Nout = = gaVx XR - = 7 2NeY ibkuaxga =- P026Res2Kn ee ttey Rie - Tee kru ~ R,=60 Pan Ty - 4 Reo FW Cus ut TT {x ra + 7” ~2.5y Niz-bSV to Rm= Rlle,> Milbe = 24KA ‘ - - “ aa) -2.5 [OSV RitRy -O5 -24T@qg ~-9.4 - F 6x2 42-520 a3 = 247eg +2 (M) Tae > 3 = 24 Tear \o2 Tae > Fea = tS. o.0ot8 mA ive 2 Fee OSsama nz ONT _ HxX002 ark ree oO Esa om = Sea _ OSSt_ 2 HS why Iq 7 Oe Yo = . Rour = oR = Re AKA I SQ vO Rib = Vat CIVBIR, = 2 3424 (BOKD t = (GS.492 i, \ nN vgs thre Rin 2 Rue Mey oud = Re ¥ NX Ve = 241) GS-40 = 4X 21-Sx Hae = 20-36 ky pus Nuk 1.99 Trine= \o.61v Now = (= rte a OS Ki Ts, 194.4 Ree Rays @UNR, = Molliaae SIDISKL TVA (148) FegX 0-3 4 0.4 4 J243% Teq 4 loibico 43.03 Jeg = -lo-6l +12-0-4 > @ Tagz= 0-016 mA 2 Toe = lL wA ~\2 FO%lolxX O.0IG + Vee + Beg tl exXa =o Nee = SUV Tr = BT _ WooxKeer | goska Ieq@ 16 ~ z ° Yo 0o Sen = 38 - V6 261.53 Nt 0-026 ' = 16254 lor x OS = 31-925 K* Ri = MUR Rib = 19.99] | 81.925 = Blo Kt Nim =Vs = Thx Q; Vouk = Gove (Sell) ) - Z (0 .08%8) (2-88) Nxt OnE Vot a eionolsusitt outa Ones za Rib vou, 825 209<25mvy B =le0 > ‘Equivalen Oc checuit Rov Va a / Ri’ “s Te tae we eae i Rite pone ow 7 DV = 12° yao =I0 V tise * Reet Nw To: vee-Y2ES y ke Stu = BI[ Ry = loolftoo = Soke = 204 Tegx S +O.44 (48) TagXS@ =° > 50Ts@ + So5Teq: 193 2 Taq: o.034m" 2 Tee = 1o0xe-03% = 2-40A Vo Faz ENT = Joox ovons Tea ate =O. 335 kn Vom: 568 _ 94 _ 1% wo], Vr o-025 Nx > 3a Nt 2 OSS _Ni_ = 001 4E¥i Trt Ut) RE 0.435 $10) KS Nous = = QaVx ¥ 10 DVox =~ 136% o-00l4SVi riots) ; 2 Ay = Vous = 186x 0-001 4 SxGolts) = ere - 0-455 veCivcuit with Emities &yposs Capacitor See Vos : Re ‘fal w Re Rey AC load line ae ev E TeRe FMEA Te (Rey +82) 4 = © D>Veez (rev) -Te (% + (42) (ee 862) LG de lead Wine ogh = For small signal : feRe + Vee + fe Wey =O lew be => Vee = ~ te (Re A Res) Slope = hy 5 Ret RE, Ermiites - Followes Amplifier (J Nee = $v> MOSEET (Metal oxide somos UCh™ Feld effect Transi.ctos) pace tacil ) Two _tesminal mos Sbuctuye Two_temmival Mos Sues Gate tenminal ]__-somevat | Fasujates (one) Semuwnaucey : Siler te Besic Mos Cobacitos E 1 Substs32 | body ee Fenerre St : \{l Accumulation of layes Mos Gpacites wrth 2 eles Neganve gate bias | a [oa ceifae 4 =) - ZL 5 P-Mbe ed Loree 4ve gate iad ul Fnauwd -Ve Spate Charge seaion Ze Moderate Wve gale blag, ~The dem ennanvmont anode meaty that a voltege Must be applied +e © tho Gete fo ceseate an iwession Noyeo. Ror na MOS Uabacites with a h- tube substsede 7 We gate Voltage must be applied, +o cveat]e \ Bele ee sons (Gen owe en ay ee atc anon Z2 Verl WI, = So = < g@. W205¥ Ng 2 Vaz bay Wp >So \Nruy =9-09av Uso lox 2 loo A> 2 > tps Leolt Ww ( Vas = Nun) 7 ie Bub s4wIte a “ve bi aa Gale vo\tag2 mus be abblied me \ - xo Coeate «tha cle , nvewsiowt - layes - Tmauad ve space wole Toversion Crasge Begion — ELeect of ye Ave Qate bia Modeme We Gote Voges wegehve bias, gare bio N-Channel Enhoncement Mode MosrET ae Cmte) oer pely gate _ gate a ay soaais “meta! Reidoxide | Basic Tromistos obesation GrGare See DxVrw , A dvain to souve@ Cusvems if Qoneraed @ tho drdin to Sous Voltage iS Applied, The Ga £ dram Voltage axa meaduse d W-%.4 SOUT, Nas “iw tos N@S2NTN veg is : NO NOs, ip Nas,> Nas = Vos (set) = Vin ‘nu 3 Nbc (624) = Nas NT olay tid 7 Most Ls peein - source voltage ter Pwoduce Zexo inversion .cherege denaity at tha drain ferminal. ~~ In Tdeat MoSeé T pavain cussed its Gmgtant for Yes >Vos (sat)+ lp io v Nos Small Vos Value longs Vos But Vos < Nos (soi) Va Nos (sas) Nos = Vos (sat) Mos > Vag (54°) The region fos which Nos < Vos cast) is Keown 33, mMNSatuvation oF Ariode vegion . igs Ka [ 2Qas-YrH des - Noe] * Ty Satusation region Was Naw) 5 1 You km (Vag -Yie) kn is dengionduction pocsametes fos a Chowme | devicg Kn 2 Wy Cot ae for + Sor (erige capacitane pes usit axed) ton For Si, Gonz (3-9) (8.85 Ko JE) om, Kal = tn Cor — Process dgnduction Paramates,y P- chawne! Evtancement Mode MoSeéT eel ree are Threshold voltagg = ‘te <0 Fos Ven So (aie No lag ity, ws bl souTe Fs Vs 50, Drm voijage is ye WS + 4 sousio Ideal Mose GT Cuvsen, - Nottage choaa cesicH cg, Vos (gs Veplad by Vso NsOtsat.) = Neo ante io: Kel 2 (se 4 Vap) Vep— ved "0 KP CN st 4 Noh {30 Satuoation region} Ke = Wwploy 2b Fos pMos biased im Sarusa tion rag (on Nop > Vep (84-1 = Veq4 Vyp Nmos o Lis Jip § G : G K—*8 Vos Yosa Sin tio ° © m- Chamme\ veplehon mode MOSFET Nace Nm Vas co iw s G ses No oy > = = |o ‘ yt NDS Leo) naar - e-+¥Pe Nos - = P-— Channel Depleticn ~wode MOSFET ‘tp >0 s Neg + os ‘ 4 a- Nop ; DB eI Addix : ditional Non - Tdeal Cumveos - Nowege Crema cen Stig — Tinie output Recicieoe 1D = Key [vege Vel 844 dvos)] Ais chawael - length wmadulation basamatesvo =f io y | ‘ Wos Vhs = Conats “ No ele lneae JE ee ie tealje lena AToq > Tog ~ Body Ettect Niw = YtNo 4 eer ve 240 | : Tr body effect pavamensz > Subihoehold _Grduction . a YO Ko CNas - Von) : ? 2 Tio fem (Was-Yre) MoSFET Oc CR CIT ANALY cys > CONDENS Common - Sousa Ciwcuit SIR SOE Sa Noi Nuss (8s \voy RytRy a To 2 ky C Voge - Yew) Ves: Yoo - ToRo Py = TownsR= SokN Ry = Soka Veo. Sv Ng = SO y5=25V too Nsas Nop -Yq = 25v 2 Fo = Kp (Vsur Nre) 2 DTo: 02 (25402) 2) Tr = o- SIR WA —St Vep + o-S9axqSs0 ~) Vans 0-66 Sv Nso(sai-) = Vsq@ + Ntps 2:5-0-8 2 1-F So, PMos ig wot biased in Satuyahon Veg ion Tp = Kp (2 (eet Vreven - Veo ) -S+ \sot+ Toya. § =o Ysp= 5-3.5TQ Boz 2 (2 (2-5) (S-a.830) ~- (S-3-80)" ) > To . 2 ( 5X S- SASTO~ (28+ $6.2530- 39) > Tor 2( 76 Ea soe 5% arth 3575) a Ip Gea = 2 ( 335% = sé 36) > Vz Gh as - 2.8 To > To = 0.6848, Np: -0 6¥ TOg = o.SmA ke = 0-2 A [ye Vsoa: 2V Nooz 3.3V QlIRa = 300ke 2 Toa = Kp (Vee, + Vee) 2 see (Ys 0:6) a 2-5 = (veq -0.6) Nsqg = 2-18 ~3.3 + 0-SX Ro + 2-0 Rp = 2bkn _ ae 2218 Rie Ri Ra ; = }° fr = 6.998 ft : Rite = Rp = 300 0.335 ©, 2 ser 7 Ry 46 K~ ‘ Nips -0.3v _ Stokn @, kes imunlyt =asSka ~ ®= Gann RNA Vem, To, Vso. = 345kn . 22-2 yaa 2 Vy aves ~ Se > 45 . oie ory aah 2854 aq, \ } ' 2 Na: 60.94Noe 2% ar 34SN4u - FES > - SEI -2S8Vy -2.:2% GYotNcot 4235p GB-2:2=0 WTot\so = 404 Jor ke Wsat vqp)™ 2 Tos iro (Vsq -0.3) Fp = 120 cot 4 ©-09- 0-6¥su) 22 2 6x bie (Ws % 40-09- 0.646) 4¥S5 70 {ose 9.2 + AdONgs® + 64.8 - 432VGuU + Vous o Yooe yes tee $0,332.29 4 0.9255" 40-0648 - 0-432Vem 1NS9T© 5 0.32Vce7- Be + ©-6 OME © —\.Gorr » Now 2 (Za 1-492.2N g. Nas 245 : = 45 4.4 -an SSka! Rg -bkn 2084345 Ee av : c oy > Vy -0-33V Ras Ro- 42 ka @ ka “2.2 = ao Ip = 12 (Yon +Nap) vot a Te = o-l2 (Vou -0:3) Ty = 0.12 (vert + 0.09- 0-644) > Te = 0:12 Vg6,7 + 0.0108 - 5-072 Vag, —2.2 + 6 (012VEe 40-0108 7 0°04 Neo) 4 Nev, 40.33 <6 PD ~)-B0S2 + RAN Gu? £0,563Veq, 20 30a 2N6u* 4 0.S68VNgm — 1.808220 Nou = 123 9-2-N : s = ~ ZT = 30 = Ta (ss-0-43) No -Vqq + Nite = Ng -033 ¢-0.3 = Vs- 0-63 Q.2-No = SF on (ue 4 9.3969 - \-26ve) Bg-Ve = 0-42 (Netho 8969 - 1.26vg) 22 -Ne 2 O-V2NS" | 0.288 ~ O.gotrV, 0.42V" $ 0.093%s 6 - 1A 20o.aN$ - ab (Ns* +O. 3969 12. 6 ve) a g4-10+ ade’ + 1e408- 3:4 *95 0 36VE — 2.0592 + 0:84645 0 agv mTee 207 8. eps toh alum = aa Toe = Kel Vac, t¥zp) u ~3v Ho= 2 (vs5 60-9} 19914 40°F 2NGQG Neg sz git <25BA Rg = (B-1-git) xiee os ATS IF aD eee ise8. MOSFET Amplifiers gm > din 2 aka CNasg-Ytw) = 2 Was Ac Eguivateos Ciscuit Noo NI ce SoNo = =| iod g os = Ne = Nop - lao ° . No =Ndas = - iy Ry Vo + ja - 7 Nos d= Smvga Ni® vus-]7 Nga evi . — ig G va e ‘ = Qa, oa ‘dg ~ NT me Nas Nga 5 s 7 . i Al ig = Kyl Vas -Vrwl (3% Ave) ro = CA Tpel" = Vase = 2:12 Noo = SY Rp = 2-Ska Nin ctv kn = 0-% ds 0-02 J ATog — 6 spe i © Nas = — Coll Rp) ¥ 9m Vga, Nog = Vi v a ig = kw (Vas-Nrv] = 0-8 (212-4) = BRK 1:00352- St tx 25 4%os =o Meee © am -aloeKi shag Ro \ ~ SO Ka ao2xKl — VoltRo = Soild 5. 2.32 Vo 2 Vas = 238K 1-792 KM Qvz ~ 4.264 Common — Source Hamplifies ss a Nop 23.3 kane o-SmA/V Qo Sey Ro y Ror lok Atova2y, ‘ ao Oo Ry = ldo ke © Ro = 60K Ra 2 4K Narn 2 o4v V@sez 98.3 zo.90v Seo I a ee 9-5 (0-89-0-4)° = Ona N - OSS = cp tegtha = Uist v m= 2TknIDe = 2JOSens <6 65 BO. \ \ ——. A Tog ooaxoe 7 PR RIR, = 42ka = vellRy = BAl)io : Bibee Ns Nv Rs r0Sk a (Ep (2) No 2 — GmV9 * Ro Ne = - 059K 42, 9.66 Be red vs ny 77 82988 w Gmmon Souse Amplifier With Soure Resistor QR) 216 Ska Ry = AKL Ro 3S ka Vo ~5v ut Nf = Nga t+ Ss & a oF - Rpdm GS ——_— Ry tH Noi Aga # SmI "+ BaRe 4. Too: S2¥s ~ 1 (Na-¥s -Yrw) t V@ = Dd §-ve i682 20 Ave™ -(3:84V5 £28 5 Nc:0-28 8 Ng ct 42 _ ipRo Wo st 19x S6@f/550 oa 422 2 §* _ 2-06N9 ooh’ 2. — 1-5 62 Vsz epee ~ ~ Bat ates. =. C a= = 73.25 BEx 10-5 Ge Avo 4 To = ((vq-Vs-Yra) = 1 (-3-25 - og Ns = \ (eoswait = (6.441 4 8-WWs Vst5 = 9.2 | OSE 4.05 uS 5 7 > OS™ 43 08vE1 3.9 = Wee ee ~1.34 3aS > Ni 2 ; = = ae Us 0-4) Bo- log = 9:6 (Ve* F0-16- 0-Bve) Bo los = 9-6vs™ 41.536 — 7.6 ev, > 8 ov™ 42-82Vg ~2. 46420 Vgc lids Tog i hie —& + 32x16 + Wog ze Vsvqz 2.29 Bim 22S MFOXF L1G SAC 2x tod aes tt t= 484 o AZpq 9 02x VG . Noz- 1:92% GHNi x |g ho Se A ) “ ’Operestionss Amplifiers 7 oO : ot Ideal Porametesp Qed s Shen oop differential voltage gam. Outpur ig out of phase to Yi & ta phase to Na. Terminal 1 is mvevh-ng inpur deswinal. Teominat 2 ig ROM- investing \whut teominal . Fou “ideal ob- amp Bod (5 vew (929¢ o> No = 0 fox Vye¥y {far ideal op-ormpy Develofsment of dhe Teea\ poressmnake > “Tnesting Sth Kew Ays \ . oe Na is od Ground potonk ad So, v) 2O¥ = (tal gE) iyz Va-O 1 NoAamplifies wih a - T Network Aeplite ee Ny t-te Re t- NT me % Yq VrR2 Ry Ry iaaig. @NIRg, Nike _ gee Rik4 RRy ” 1 Ra oNx (Ra +a) _ =Vs@2 -VoQ Ri la RRs D + Wa (Rq4 Re) = - GRA - Ay %Qy 2 Av Ri Rq = -R Ra - Ra - R224 > Py =. ko _ Rae _ Ra x Reg Ry 2s “Re(H 4 B43) RVR ReNon - Tavests A ~ @YNx-Yo O14 -14Ny = Ny=No 9 oe evs, 4 SVT, No =ISVx 2(\51 YK), NyqsVe Ly go = ned ae No t 2N3, +I, 3OP- Amb Applications ee Cussent ~ Vol Converter ® Rea oc Rg > Ri So lors 219 No 2 - eRe t-isRE Nol to Cusseot Convertedwns via Now = Nauavia { 5 Din = Vo ven cMRR = } Rem CMeR (a8) 2 20 'eg| ae | BH Ula, sto Pf =a Ra . = 14 2 Sorat «) (=) n.- fe vs, 14+ &q Ra ve Tow xX a+ vs, -\oVS, ta No = loogaavy,- love, Na = “3, V3, No = (0.0993 (Wows ¥2) Nos cant ~teteu-¥) 2 - 5 gO RII Vw NUs 2 Noms Vg 9No = lo-c4vg z No = Odva 4 BoA Vm N3a Ven tvd z Nd = lo-o42 Ncw = 60-0939 CMeR Qe log (ee ) ~ 41648 oorTot amd Ol f£fexertiatoy Grenesali Zed ve tng Asobli Hex Qa bal we 5 Yo(L) == Rac, dic) dt Nigra \ No = -_1 bd lewero kt = loos 1 4 ee pee ® Totegeeser