EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

You will remember that Lapulapu of Mactan was the first Filipino who defied Spaniards. He was
also the only Filipino who defeated a Spanish adventurer.
• The other early Filipinos who resisted the Spanish Invasion
were Datu Kumintang of Batangas and Rajah Sulayman of Manila in 1571.
• These two Filipinos learned then, as other Filipinos were to learn afterwards that gallantry
and courage alone were no match to the superior Spanish arms.

TAGALOG REVOLT
• Other names: Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt,
• Place: Tondo , Navotas
 Leaders: Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman
 Result: Failed
 Causes: This revolt was caused by losing Soliman and Lakandula’s
kingdom when they were defeated by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to accept the
Spanish sovereignty on the promise that they would be well -treated by the
Spaniards and would retain some of their royal and political powers
 Legaspi died and was replaced by Governor Gu do de and confiscated their lands. Lakandula
the revolt and promise to privileges. Lavezaris who a revoked the exemptions from paying
tribute. Father Martin convinced Lakandula and Sulayman to abort the revolt.
 Lakandula realized that it was futile to fight the Spaniards. So he welcomed and befriended
them. He remained at peace with them until his death.
 Nevertheless, Rajah Sulayman would not give up easily and continued his revolt, he
gathered a large army to fight the invaders. The datus and warriors of the neighboring
kingdoms of Navotas , Hagonoy , Macabebe , and other barangays joined him . He was
brutally crushed in year 1574.
PAMPANGA REVOLT
• Year: 1585
• Place: Pampanga
• Leaders: Kapampangan leaders
• Result: Failed
• Cause: Disgrunted by the way the encomenderos administered who had deprived them of
their historical inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus.
 Some people, Kapampangan leaders connived with the people of Manila and Borneans
to rise revolt. • People plan to secretly enter the city of Manila one dark night and
massacre the Spaniards.
 Conspiracy was foiled before it even started after a Filipino woman married to a
Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities.
 Governor-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops and arrest
the leaders of the revolts.
 Christian Cruz-Herrera was the one who executed the leaders without any fair trial.

TONDO CONSPIRACY
 EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

• Year: 1577 – 1588

• Other names: Conspiracy of Maharlikas
• Place: Tondo; Cuyo ; Calamianes
• Result: Failed
• Leaders: Agustin de Legazpi, Magat Salamat (son of Lakandula), Martin Pangan
(gobernadorcillo of Tondo), Juan Banal (Tondo Chief), Pedro Balingit (Chief of Pandacan),
Esteban Taes (Chief of Bulacan), Pitonggatan (Chief of Tondo), Felipe Salonga (Chief of
Polo), Geronimo Basi (Brother of Agustin de Legazpi)
• Cause: Regain the lost freedom.
 Attempting to restore freedom and local leadership being enjoyed during the pre-
colonial years.
 Agustin de Legazpi, Martin Pangan, Magat Salamat, Juan banal, Esteban Taes, Pedro
Balinguit, Pitonggatan, Felipe Salonga, Geronimo Basi, planned to overthrow the
Spanish rulers in the country.
 Through a Japanese Christian, Dionisio Fernandez, Agustin de Legazpi and his fellow
conspirator contracted a Japanese sea captain, Juan Gayo, to get arms and Japanese
warriors to fight the Spaniards.
 In exchange, he and his Japanese warriors would be given one-half of the tribute
collected in Philippines. Aside from this, help would also be secured from Borneo,
Laguna, and Batangas.
 The conspirators with their warriors would then assault the City of Manila and start
killing the Spaniards.
 Betrayal starts: Magat Salamat innocently revealed the plan to Antonio Surabao, a Cuyo
native pretending to be a supporter.
Surabao later recounted this to his master, Pedro Sarmiento.
 October 26, 1588 – Sarmiento rushed to Manila and informed Governor General
Santiago de Vera.
 He ordered the arrest of all the persons implicated in the revolutionary plot. Including
Dionisio Fernandez, a Japanese interpreter.
 Agustin de Legazpi and Martin Pangan – were brutally hanged. Their heads were cut off
and placed in iron cages.
 Government seized their properties. .The sites of their homes were plowed and sown
with salt to remain barren.
 Dionisio Fernandez – was hanged and his property, confiscated.
 Magat Salamat, Geronimo Basi, Esteban Taes – were executed. The rest were given
lighter punishments – heavy fines and some years of exile from their town.
 Pedro Balinguit, Pitonggatan, Felipe Salonga, Calo, and Agustin Manuguit - were exiled
to Mexico
CAGAYAN REVOLT
• Year: 1589
• Other names: Revolts Against the Tribute, The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against
Tribute
• Place: Cagayan; Ilocos Norte
• Result: Failed
 EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

• Cause: Ilocanos, Ibanags, and other Fililipons revolted against alleged abuses by the tax
collectors, including the collection of high taxes.
 It began when six tax collectors who had arrived from Vian were killed by the
natives.
 Gobernador-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to
pacify the rebels. • The rebels were eventually pardoned and the Philippine tax system
reformed.
 Rebels failed as they were easily suppressed by the Spaniards.
MAGALAT REVOLT
• Year: 1596
• Place: Cagayan
• Result: Failed
• Leader: Magalat (a rebel from Cagayan)
• Cause: Abuses of tribute collectors.
 During the rule of Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzman, Magalat and his
brother instigated the people of Cagayan to rise in arms against the colonial
government.
 The uprising was suppressed by the authorities; Magalat and his men were kept
exiles.
 Dominican Missionaries of Cagayan persuaded the Governor to pardon them, after
knowing the plight of the two brothers. The favor was subsequently granted.
 -After Magalat was released, he went back to Cagayan and incited the people to
continue to fight.
 Many Spaniards and loyal natives were killed by the rebels.
 -Governador Tello sent Capt. Pedro de Chaves to quell the revolt.
IGOROT REVOLT

 Year: 1601
 Place: Norther Luzon
 Result: Failed
 Cause: Demand for Religious toleration
 Governor-General Tello – ordered an expedition to Cordillera region for religious
conversion purposes with the aid of Padre Esteban Marin.
 Marin – the curate of Ilocos at that time, tried initially to convince the Igorots to
convert peacefully to Catholicisim. He was allegedly tried to create his own
dictionary in the Igorot language to advance the cause.
 Igorots killed Marin. Gobernardo-General sent Captain Aranda with Spanish and
Lumad foot soldiers.
 The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of extreme measures and executed
them quickly to dispel the revolt in Cordillera Region.
GADDANG REVOLT
 EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

 Year: 1621 – 1622

 Place: Cagayan Valley
 Result: Failed
 Leaders: Felipe Cutabay, Gabriel Dayag
 Cause: Oppression of Spanish officials
 The Gaddangs revolted to the encomenderos and government officials.
 Father Pedro de Santo Tomas – a Dominican Missionary convinced the 2 rebel
leaders to surrender peacefully along with the other missionaries.
 He succeeded in convincing the Gaddangs to lay down their arms.
TAMBLOT REVOLT

 Year: 1622
 Place: Bohol
 Result: Failed
 Leaders: Babaylan Tamblot
 Cause: Desire to abandon Christianity and return to old religious faith.
 1596 – The Jesuits first came to Bohol and eventually governed the island and
converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith.
 Tamblot – a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow Boholanos to return to the
old belief of their forefathers.
 The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day
of St. Francis Xavier.
 January 1, 1622 – Tamblot was executed and his head was severed on a pike to
serve as a warning to the populace.
LEYTE’S REVOLT

 Year: 1622
 Other names: Bankaw Revolt
 Place: Leyte • Result: Failed
 Leaders: Bancao (Datu of Carigara), Babaylan Pagali
 Cause: Desire for religious toleration
 Bancao had warmly received Miguel Lopez de Legazpi as his guest, when he first
arrived in the Philippines in 1565.
 Although baptized as a Catholic in his youth, he abandoned this faith in later years.
With a babaylan Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed
six towns to rise up in revolt.
 Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu, Juan
de Alcarazo, with Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops to suppress the rebellion.
 Bancao’s severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public
as a stern warning.
ITNEG REVOLT

 Year: 1625 – 1639

 EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

• Other names: Mandaya Revolt, Itneg and Mandaya Revolt

• Place: Cagayan (Itneg and Mandaya tribe)
• Result: Failed
• Leaders: Miguel Lanab, Alababan
• Cause: Desire for independence; punishment of a woman who displeased certain Spanish
officials.
 Miguel Lanab and Alababan – were previously baptized as Catholics against their
will.
 They killed, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo
Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao who were sent by the Spanish colonial government
to convert the Itneg people to Christianity.
 After cutting Father Garcia’s body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs.
 They compelled their fellow Itnegs to loot, desecrate Catholic images, set fire to the
local churches, and escape with them to the mountains.
 Governor-General Fernando de Silva – sent Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops
to suppress the rebellion.
 They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced
them to surrender.
LADIA’S REVOLT
• Year: 1643
• Place: Malolos, Bulacan; Southern Luzon
• Result: Failed • Leaders: Pedro Ladia
• Cause: Weariness from Spanish oppression
 Pedro Ladia – was a Moro Bornean and self-claimed descendant of Lakandula who
came to Malolos in 1643.
 At that time, his land was confiscated by the Spanish and he thought that it was about
time that they stage an uprising and put himself as the King of the Tagalogs.
 Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.
VISAYAN’S REVOLT
• Year: 1649 – 1650
• Other names: Sumuroy Revolt
• Place: Eastern Visayas, North Mindanao, Zamboanga
• Result: Failed
• Leaders: Juan Ponce Sumuroy, Pedro Caamug
• Cause: Governor Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers to Cavite for shipbuilding.
 The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to polo are not to be sent
to places distant form their hometowns to do their forced labor.
 The Warays were being sent to shipyards of Cavity, which sparked the revolt.
 Local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually spread to
Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such as Cebu,
masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay, Camaerines and parts of Northern
Mindanao, such as Surigao.
 EARLY PHILIPPINE REVOLTS

REPORTER: JOVELYN VALDEZ & JEFFEL JHOY AGUILNADO

 Rebel government was successfully established in the mountains of Samar.

 June 1650 – Sumuroy was defeated, captured, and executed. His trusted conspirator
David Dula, sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor.
 One of the battles, he was wounded, captured, and executed in Palapag, Northern
Samar.
MANIAGO’S REVOLT
• Year: 1660 – 1661
• Other names: Pampanga Revolt
• Place: Bacolor, Pampanga
• Result: Failed
• Leaders: Francisco Maniago, Andres Malong
• Cause: Failure of officials to pay for rice purchased; repeated requirements for personal
services for cutting of timber; services for cutting of timber; services for galleon trade
 The fight soon began and because the Spaniards were busy fighting against the
Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans.