PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

PAES 201: Heated-Air Mechanical Grain Dryer

1. mechanical grain dryer wherein the grain in fixed volume is held in the drying chamber in
batches until the grain reaches the desired moisture content
2. shallow bed type dryer wherein a fixed volume of grain is held stationary in a horizontal
grain holding bin
3. batch type dryer equipped to circulate or mixed fixed volume of grain during the drying
operation
4. batch type dryer wherein a fixed volume of grain is held stationary in a vertical grain holding
bin
5. dryer in which the material being dried moves through the drying chamber in a substantially
continuous stream and is discharged without being recirculated
6. continuous flow dryer wherein the product being dried moves in the same direction as
drying air
7. continuous flow dryer wherein the grain being dried move in one direction and the drying
air moves in the opposite direction
8. continuous flow dryer wherein the flow of air is transverse to the direction of flow of the
grain being dried
9. continuous flow dryer wherein the drying bin is similar to columnar drying bin except that it
includes louvers causing mixing to occur as the grain flows through the system
10. continuous flow dryer wherein the grains in the drying bin flows through the column in a
straight path
11. grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters
12. dryer in which the products of combustion come into direct contact with the product being
dried
13. dryer in which the products of combustion do not come in contact with the products being
dried
14. ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, to the amount of heat
added to the drying air expressed in percent
15. device used to collect dust
16. air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of grains at the desired
air flow rate and pressure
17. device for removing excess moisture from the grain, generally by forced or natural
convection with or without addition of heat
18. grain or a fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of the
average length of the whole grain
19. device used to remove grain moisture by forcing heated air through the grain mass until the
desired moisture content is attained
20. product of combustion efficiency and burner/furnace efficiency
21. difference between the maximum and the minimum grain moisture content randomly
sampled after drying
22. mechanical grain dryer wherein grain is passed intermittently in cycles or stages through a
23. drying chamber either by mechanical means or by gravity with subsequent cooling and
tempering until the grain reaches the desired moisture content
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

24. chamber wherein air pressure is developed for uniform distribution of the heated air
through the grain mass
25. any device that is used to avoid human accident and/or damage to the parts and
components of the dryer during the operation and automatically shuts-off the operation of
the dryer in case of malfunction
PAES 202: HAMGD- MoT
1. volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of grains per second
2. ratio of the heat supplied by the burner/furnace, to the heat released by the fuel
3. ratio of the heat released by the fuel, to the theoretical heat available from the fuel
4. source of energy which includes petroleum-based fuels such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil
and bunker fuel oil
5. grains which are heat damaged, weather damaged, sprouted or distinctly damaged by
insects, water, fungi and/or any other means
6. mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the grain, measured at a number of
points as close as practicable to its entry to the grain bed
7. amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
8. ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat available in the fuel expressed in
percent
9. all matters other than rice/corn grains such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of
earth, clay, mud, chaff, straw, weed seeds and other crop seeds
10. total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time
11. continuous flow dryer: weight of grain in the dryer after a period of stable operation batch
type dryer: weight of grain required to fill the dryer at the input moisture content
12. total amount of heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, expressed in kJ/kg of H2O
13. palay which are light green and chalky with soft texture
14. ratio of the average percent moisture content removed from the grain, to drying time,
expressed in percent per hour
15. source of energy that includes non-petroleum based fuels such as biomass and solar energy
16. percentage of grains free of foreign matter
17. ratio of the weight of grains that fell out from the machine during the drying operation, to
the weight of the total grain input to the dryer, expressed in percent
18. pressure build-up in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform distribution of air flow
through the grain mass, expressed in Pascal
19. temporarily holding the grain between the drying passes, allowing the moisture content in
the center of the grain and that on the surface of the grain to equalize
PAES 203 – Moisture Content Determination for Rice and Corn
1. amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the total weight of the sample,
2. method of grain moisture determination based on actual extraction of water either by
convection heating (oven method) or distillation
3. method of grain moisture determination based on some characteristics of the grain sample
such as electrical resistance and capacitance which are related to moisture content and
must be periodically calibrated against an official primary method
PAES 204 – Mechanical Rice Thresher
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

1. throw-in type of thresher which allows the cut plants to move in a helical manner around
the threshing cylinder with a net effect of moving the material axially between the feeding
and discharge outlets
2. ratio of the weight of grains blown with the chaff by the thresher fan, to the weight of the
total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent
3. empty grains and crushed straw being discharged from the threshing chamber
4. iron grill frame partially or fully surrounding the cylinder on which the threshing elements
rubs, shear and/or impact the cut plants
5. grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters
6. ratio of the weight of the grains present in the panicles, to the total weight of the grain and
straw in the same sample
7. type of thresher wherein the panicles of the cut plants are fed into the threshing chamber
while the stalks are mechanically or manually held during the threshing operation
8. grains that were broken and/or dehulled (partially or fully) as a result of threshing operation
9. machine used to detach and separate the palay from the panicles
10. amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the total weight of the sample
11. unhulled grain of Oryza sativa L., that is, grain with the hull/husk
12. type of threshing cylinder wherein spikes or pegs are attached on the periphery of the
cylinder in tandem or in helical arrangements
13. ratio of the weight of clean grains, to the total weight of unclean grains sample, expressed in
percent
14. type of threshing cylinder wherein threshing is done between bar-like protrusions in parallel
orientation laid on the periphery of the cylinder and stationary bars built into or attached to
the concave grate
15. engine speed indicated in revolutions per minute (rpm) of the engine shaft as specified by
the engine manufacturer for operation at nominal continuous load
16. ratio of the weight of grains that fell out from the machine during threshing operation, to
the weight of the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent
17. ratio of the weight of grains that come out of the threshing chamber with the straw, to the
weight of total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent
18. cut plants length measured from the point of cut to the tip of the panicle
19. grains that are detached from the panicles by the thresher inclusive of mature, immature,
and damaged grains
20. part of the thresher where the grains are detached and separated from the panicles
21. part of the threshing unit that rotates about an axis and it is equipped with either pegs, rasp
bars, or wire loops on its periphery
22. ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at all outlets, to the total grain input of
the thresher, expressed in percent
23. attachments of the threshing cylinder such as pegtooth, wire-loop and rasp-bar that
detaches the grains from the panicles
24. ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at the main grain outlet, to the weight of
the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

25. throw-in type of thresher wherein cut plants are fed between the rotating cylinder and
stationary concave and the threshed materials/straws are discharged out of the threshing
chamber tangentially
26. type of thresher which detaches the grains by feeding the cut plants into the machine
27. sum of the weights of collected threshed grains and all grains loss during threshing
28. ratio of the weight of grains that remained in the panicles of the plants fed into the
threshing chamber, to the weight of total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent
29. type of threshing cylinder wherein wires of the same arc and size are attached on the
periphery of the cylinder in tandem arrangement with or without the threshing concave
PAES 205 – MTR – MoT
1. the weight of the threshed grain collected from the main grain outlet per unit time
2. threshed grain with 100% purity exclusive of the empty grains and other impurities
3. the clearance between cylinder threshing elements and concave component
4. an iron grill frame partly surrounding the cylinder on which the threshing elements rubs,
shear and/or impact the cut plants
5. the corrected capacity of the thresher at 20% grain moisture content (wet basis), grain-
straw ratio of 0.55 and 100% purity
6. the distance between the outermost points along the cylinder base axis
7. the equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal operating speed,
expressed in m/s
8. outside diameter generated by the outermost point of the cylinder threshing elements
9. the ratio of the weight of the grains present in the panicles, to the total weight of the grain
and straw in the same sample
10. a semi-circular shaped wire mesh or bar grate covering the lower portion of the threshing
chamber which causes the grains to separate from the panicles
11. an electric motor, or a gasoline, or a diesel fed engine used to run the thresher
12. the weight of the threshed grains collected at the grain outlet
13. the sum of the weights of collected threshed grains and all threshing losses
14. a semi-circular shaped grate at the upper portion of the threshing cylinder with louvers
which assist threshing and axial movement of the straw
PAES 206 – Rice Mill
1. outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of the
rice grain
2. grains that break in the process of milling which have a size of less than eight-tenth (8/10) of
the average length of whole grain
3. dehulled palay (husk/hull removed) with the bran layer still intact
4. measure of the ability of the machine to remove the hulls
5. measure of the ability of the machine to remove the hulls without breaking the grain
6. grain or fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of the
average length of the whole grain
7. component of a rice mill that removes the hulls (palea and lemma) from the grains
8. product of the coefficient of hulling and the coefficient of wholeness of grains, expressed in
percent
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

9. weight of palay per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram per
hour
10. grains obtained after the removal of hull and bran
11. quantity of palay that the rice mill can process to a specified quality per total milling time,
expressed in kilogram per hour
12. extent or degree by which the bran layer of the brown rice is removed as a result of
whitening
13. ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of palay, expressed in percent
14. ratio of the milling recovery obtained in actual testing, to the milling recovery obtained from
the laboratory test mill
15. rice mill that employs a series of two or more whitening machines
16. unhulled grain of Oryza sativa L., that is grain with the hull/husk enclosing the grain
17. ratio of the weight of grains that do not break in the process of milling and with a size of
three-fourth (3/4) or more of the whole grain to the total weight of milled rice, expressed in
percent
18. ratio of the percent head rice obtained in actual testing, to the percent head rice obtained
from the laboratory test mill
19. auxiliary device of a rice mill, which removes the remaining small bran particles on the
milled rice and gives it a glossy appearance
20. outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
glumes, floral glumes, and awn
21. machine used to remove the hull and bran of the palay to produce milled rice and consists
mainly of hulling and whitening assembly
22. type of rice mill having an under-runner stone disc huller and vertical cone whitener
23. type of rice mill using rubber roll huller and utilizes friction and/or combination of other
types of whitener
24. rice mill that employs only one whitening machine
25. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on less than 15% of the sample grains
26. component of a rice mill that removes the bran layer in the brown rice
27. type of whitening machine consisting of a cylinder or cone coated with abrasive material
such as emery stone or any similar materials enclosed in a perforated steel housing
28. type of whitening machine consisting of a ribbed cylinder enclosed in a perforated steel
housing
PAES 207 – Rice Mill MoT
1. small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve having round perforations 1.4
millimeters in diameter
2. auxiliary device used to separate stones from the palay and/or brown rice
3. weight of milled rice per unit of milling time, expressed in kg/h
4. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been completely removed
5. auxiliary device used to classify paddy based on length and thickness
6. auxiliary device used to separate paddy from brown rice
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

7. auxiliary device used to remove the remaining small bran particles on the milled rice and
gives it a glossy appearance
8. auxiliary device used to remove foreign matter/impurities from the paddy before milling
9. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and the greater part of the
inner bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on 15% to 40% of the sample grains
10. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
may still be present on more than 40 % of the sample grains
11. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
may still be present on less than 15% of the sample grains
PAES 208 – Power Operated Corn sheller
1. ratio of the weight of corn kernels blown by the sheller fan, to the weight of the total corn
kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
2. type of shelling cylinder formed by a rolled metal sheet/plate or formed by longitudinal bars
adjacently arranged forming a continuous cylinder
3. iron grill frame partially or fully surrounding the cylinder on which the shelling elements
rubs, shear and/or impact the corn ear with or without husk
4. part of the ear corn where the kernels are attached
5. pistillate inflorescence of the plant Zea mays L., enclosed with a leaf-like protective covering
known as husk
6. machine used to remove the husk of corn ear, detach, separate and clean the corn kernels
from the cobs in one operation
7. machine used to detach, separate and clean the corn kernels from the cobs
8. type of shelling unit consisting of a cylinder with shelling elements such as knife bar or
pegtooth
9. kernels which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters
10. type of shelling unit consisting of a vertical disc with spiked surface
11. unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been removed mechanically or
manually
12. type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into shelling chamber by gravity
13. dry and indehiscent seed developed from the ovary of the ear corn
14. ratio of the weight of the corn kernel present in the ear corn to the weight of the ear corn
15. kernels that were broken and/or scratched as a result of shelling operation
16. amount of moisture in the kernel expressed as percentage of the total weight of the sample
17. difference between the percent cracked sample taken before and after the shelling
operation
18. type of shelling cylinder where the shelling elements are attached to the equally spaced
longitudinal bars arranged cylindrically
19. ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total weight of unclean corn kernels sample,
expressed in percent
20. ratio of the weight of corn kernels that fell out from the machine during shelling operation
to the weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

21. ratio of the weight of corn kernels that come out of the shelling chamber with the cobs at
the cob outlet, to the weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller, expressed in
percent
22. whole and damaged corn kernels separated from the cob after shelling
23. part of the shelling unit that rotates about an axis and it is equipped with pegs on its
periphery
24. ratio of the weight of the shelled corn kernels collected at all outlets, to the total corn kernel
input of the sheller, expressed in percent
25. ratio of the weight of the shelled corn kernels collected at the main outlet, to the total
weight of the corn kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
26. part of the sheller where the kernels are detached and separated from the corn cobs
27. type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into shelling chamber with the application
of external force
28. kernels that remain in the cob after shelling
29. ratio of the weight of corn kernels that remained in the cobs of the corn fed into the shelling
chamber, to the weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
30. unbroken kernels after shelling
PAES 209 – Power Operated Corn Sheller MoT
1. shelled kernel free from foreign matter
2. clearance between cylinder shelling elements and concave component
3. actual capacity of the sheller corrected at 20% kernel moisture content (wet basis), and
100% purity
4. weight of unshelled corn fed into the sheller per unit of time
5. all matters other than corn kernels such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of
earth, clay and mud, weed seeds and other crop seeds
6. weight of shelled kernel collected per unit of time
7. wire mesh or perforated sheet metal used to separate large and/or small particles
8. electric motor, a gasoline or diesel fed engine used to run the sheller
9. sum of the weight of collected shelled kernels and all the shelling losses
10. sum of blower, separation, unshelled and scattering losses in a sheller, expressed in percent
by weight
PAES 210 – Corn Mill
1. coarse powder from outer covering of the corn kernel removed during the milling process
2. refers to corn grit # 20 and # 24, floured corn, germ and bran
3. ratio of the weight of by-products, to the total weight of corn kernel input, expressed in
percent
4. shelled corn of either dent or flint varieties
5. milled corn kernels where the outer covering and germs have been removed and with
particle size of not less than 0.86 mm
6. milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm
7. milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.5 mm to 1.7 mm
8. milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm
9. milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.10 mm to 1.19 mm
10. milled corn kernels with particle size between 0.86 mm to 1.09 mm
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

11. rewetting of dried corn kernels to about 18% to 22% moisture content and tempering it to
make the pericarp and the germ more pliable and easier to remove
12. equipment used to produce corn grits using the dry milling process
13. machine used to remove the germ and pericarp from the corn kernel
14. ratio of the weight of degerminated corn kernel sample, to the initial weight of the sample,
expressed in percent
15. process of reducing the corn kernels into pieces of grits, germ and pericarp with or without
conditioning
16. fine powder by-product of corn milling process
17. embryo of the kernel removed during the degermination process
18. corn grit by-product with particle size between 0.70 mm to 0.85 mm
19. corn grit by-product with particle size smaller than 0.70 mm
20. weight of corn kernel per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram
per hour
21. refers to corn grit # 10, #12, #14, #16, and # 18
22. ratio of the weight of corn grits, to the total weight of corn kernel input, expressed in
percent
23. amount of moisture in the corn kernels expressed as percent of the total weight of the
sample, wet basis
24. major component of the corn mill used to reduce corn kernels into corn grits.
PAES 211 – Corn Mill MoT
1. cleaner that uses air to separate lower density material from the corn kernels/corn grits
such as floured corn, germ and bran
2. ratio of the weight (kg) of the corn kernels, to its volume (m3)
3. degerminated corn kernels shelled corn kernels where the germ and pericarp have been
removed
4. weight of the corn kernels fed into the corn mill per unit of time
5. any matter which is not corn kernels/corn grits or fragment of corn kernels/corn grits sand,
gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of earth, clay, mud, weeds and other crop seeds
6. weight of corn kernel per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram
per hour
7. equipment with definite shaking motion used to sort the size of the milled materials using
standard screen sieves
8. quantity of corn kernels that the corn mill can process to produce corn grits per unit of time
9. weight of the milled corn collected per unit of time
10. auxiliary device of the corn mill that removes foreign material
11. electric motor, or gasoline-fed, or diesel-fed engine used to run the corn mill
12. ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total weight of uncleaned corn kernels,
expressed in percent
13. wire mesh or perforated metal sheet, moving in back-and-forth direction, permitting smaller
particles to fall through the openings and larger particles to remain on top
PAES 212 – Rice Reaper
1. actual rate of being able to reap palay in a given area per unit of time
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

2. free grains that fall with the cut stalks during delivery and release at the side of the reaper
during operation
3. ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent
4. grains that have fallen to the ground due to the machine’s cutting operation
5. cutting mechanism consists of fixed lower knife and reciprocating upper knife wherein its
movement is controlled by the crank connected to the gear box or belt drive
6. machine that cuts and lays stalks of planted rice crop
7. cutting mechanism consists of planetary type circular saw-toothed blade which rotates at
the same time with the pick-up triangular frame
8. computed rate of being able to reap palay in a given area per unit of time
PAES 213 – Rice Reaper MoT
1. distance between two outermost divider tips
2. degree between the vertical line joining the center of the plant and the imaginary line where
the stalk lodges
3. maximum yield per unit area
4. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the reaping unit
5. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the reaping
unit and touching its front and rear extremities
6. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the reaping unit, each
plane touching the outermost point of the reaper on its respective side
7. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
PAES 214 – Rubber Roll
1. cylinder where rubber is bonded
2. component of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an inner metal drum core use for hulling
3. depth of the rubber bonded on the metal drum core
4. specified by the width, by the outside diameter and by the core diameter of the rubber roll
5. longitudinal dimension of a roll in right angle to the diameter
PAES 215 – Rubber Roll MoT
1. grain that breaks in the process of dehulling which has a size of less than eighth-tenth (8/10)
of the average length of the whole grain
2. dehulled paddy with bran layer still intact
3. grain which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters
4. measure the ability of the huller to remove the hulls
5. measure the ability of the huller to remove the hull without breaking the grain
6. grain which is heat damaged, weather damaged, sprouted or distinctively damaged by
insects, water, fungi, and/or any means
7. all matters other than paddy such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, metal fillings, lumps
of earth, clay, mud, chaff, straw, weed seeds and other crop seeds
8. outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
glumes, floral glumes, and awn
9. quantity of paddy that the huller can dehulled per total hulling time, expressed in kilogram
per hour
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

10. product of the coefficient of hulling and coefficient of wholeness, expressed in percentage
11. paddy which are light green and chalky with soft texture
12. amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the total mass of the sample
(wet basis)
13. unhulled grain of Oryza sativa l., that is grain with hull enclosing the grain
14. amount of rice grains free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total weight of
the sample
15. pre-test operation of the rice huller to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of test
until the operation is stable
16. grain or a fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eighth-tenth (8/10) of the
average length of the whole grain
PAES 216 – Hammer Mill
1. classification system that indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product; sum of
the weight fractions retained above each sieve divided by 100
2. device use for grinding which is a result of the impact between the particles and hammers,
which are mounted on a shaft rotating along a horizontal axis
3. ratio of the average size of input to the average size of the product
PAES 217 – Hammer Mill MoT
1. classification system that indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product and is
defined as the sum of the weight fractions retained above each sieve divided by 100
2. all matters other than input materials such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, metal
fillings, lumps of earth, clay, mud, chaff, straw, weed seeds and other crop seeds
3. device used for milling which consists of rotating hammer(s) and a heavy perforated screen
at the bottom
4. weight of input materials per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in
kilogram per hour
5. equipment with definite shaking motion used to sort size of the milled materials using
standard screen sieves
6. quantity of input materials that the hammer mill can process to produce milled materials
per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
7. weight of the milled materials collected, expressed in kilogram per hour
8. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the hammer mill
9. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the hammer
mill and touching its front and rear extremities
10. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the hammer mill, each
plane touching the outermost point of the hammer mill on its respective side
11. electric motor, or internal combustion engine used to run the hammer mill
12. amount of input materials free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total
weight of the sample
13. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
PAES 218 – Forage Chopper
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

1. type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are blown up through the blow-up
pipe
2. devices intended to cut the crop into short lengths with reasonable consistency within a
range of optional settings
3. knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially
parallel to the axis of rotation
4. cylindrical roll generally with protrusions or flutes, used to gather, compress and advance
the crop into the cutter head
5. knives mounted essentially radially with the cutting edges describing a plane perpendicular
to the axis of rotation
6. machine used to cut the crop into short parallel lengths
7. type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are dropped down to the bottom of
machine
8. forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism consisting of four or more feed rolls to
partially orient and advance the crop at a consistent rate into the cutting mechanism
9. forage chopper without a distinct feeding mechanism, usually employing flails to impact-cut
and chop crop directly into shorter pieces
10. forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism consisting of two feed rolls, or other
means such as an auger, to advance the crop to the cutting mechanism
11. fixed plate providing a stationary edge against which the cutterhead knives shear the crop
12. type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are thrown away to the front area of
the machine
PAES 219 – Forage Chopper MoT
1. ratio of the weight of the fresh chopped materials collected at all outlets, to the total fresh
weight of the input of the chopper, expressed in percent
2. any crop used as silage, soilage or animal feed, usually mixed with fermenting agents.
3. part of the forage chopper where the forage to be chopped are loaded
4. weight of processed material collected per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour
5. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the forage chopper
6. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the forage
chopper and touching its front and rear extremities
7. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the forage chopper on its respective side
8. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run the forage chopper
9. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
PAES 220 – Peanut Sheller
1. ratio of the weight of kernels blown by the sheller fan, to the weight of the total kernel
input of the sheller, expressed in percent
2. wholly or partially broken and insect-damaged kernel
3. edible part of peanut
4. outlet at which shelled kernel moves out of the machine
5. machine used to remove kernels from the shell by breaking/splitting the pods
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

6. unbroken shell with kernel inside

7. amount of kernels free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total weight of the
sample
8. ratio of the weight of kernels that fell out from the machine during shelling operation to the
weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
9. ratio of the weight of kernels that come out of the shelling chamber at the shell outlet, to
the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
10. hull of the pod
11. outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of the machine with blower(s)
12. whole and damaged kernels freed from shell
13. ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at all outlets, to the total kernel input of
the sheller, expressed in percent
14. ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at the main outlet, to the total weight of
the kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
15. ratio of the weight of kernels that remained in the pods collected from all outlets, to the
weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
16. unbroken and non-insect damaged kernel
PAES 221 – Peanut Sheller MoT
1. ratio of the weight of kernel blown with the shell by the sheller fan to the total kernel input
expressed as percentage by weight
2. kernel which shows signs of fissures or fractures
3. weight of input materials per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in
kilogram per hour
4. edible part of peanut
5. ratio of the weight of kernel to the weight of the pod, expressed as percent
6. outlet at which shelled kernel move out of the machine
7. broken kernels and/or scratched as a result of shelling operation
8. difference between the percent cracked kernel taken before and after the shelling operation
9. weight of the shelled kernel received at the main kernel outlet per unit time, expressed in
kilogram per hour
10. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the shelling unit
11. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the shelling
unit and touching its front and rear extremities
12. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the shelling unit, each
plane touching the outermost point of the sheller on its respective side
13. pod being left with kernels in it after shelling
14. unbroken shell with kernel inside
15. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
16. ratio of the weight of the kernel that comes out of the shelling cylinder with the shell, to the
total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight
17. outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of the machine with blower(s)
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

18. shelled kernel received at all outlet with respect to the total kernel input expressed as
percentage by weight
19. ratio of the weight of the kernel collected at the main kernel outlet to the total kernel input
expressed as percentage by weight
20. sum of the weight of kernel collected from the main kernel input and the clean kernel from
the blower loss, separation loss, unshelled loss and scattering loss
21. ratio of the weight of the kernel that remained in the shell after feeding into the shelling
cylinder to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight
PAES 222 – Chipping Machine
1. thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm
2. size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is used to cut or slice root
crops or banana into small thin pieces called chips
3. amount of material that can be processed per unit time, kg/h
4. devices intended to slice the crop into chips with reasonable consistency within a range of
optional settings
5. opening through which chipped material is thrown out
6. component intended to provide protection for the operator or bystander from injury
7. type of chipping machine with knives mounted radially with the cutting edges describing a
plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation
8. knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially
parallel to the axis of rotation
PAES 223 – CM – MoT
1. thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm
2. size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is used to cut or slice root
crops or banana into small thin pieces called chips
3. amount of material that can be processed per unit time, kg/h
4. devices intended to slice the crop into chips with reasonable consistency within a range of
optional settings
5. opening through which chipped material is thrown out
6. type of chipping machine with knives mounted radially with the cutting edges describing a
plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation
7. component intended to provide protection for the operator or bystander from injury
8. knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially
parallel to the axis of rotation
PAES 224 – Rice Combine
1. rotary device which produces a draught of air across the chaffer and cleaning sieve(s) to
blow away the materials or impurities lighter than grains
2. concave-shaped, stationary element adjacent to the threshing cylinder or threshing rotor,
fitted primarily to enhance threshing
3. auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the threshing cylinder
4. ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent
5. device which carries the grains from grain auger to grain tank or bin
6. loss classified according to source, including all field losses attributable to the machine
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

7. pan for collecting the clean grains after being passed through cleaning sieve(s) for conveying
to grain auger
8. tank used to hold the threshed grain
9. portion of the combine comprising the mechanism for gathering, cutting, and picking the
crop
10. grains that have fallen to the ground due to the machine’s cutting operation
11. all matters other than grains such as paddy stalks and leaves, and weeds
12. revolving slats or arms with battens arranged parallel to the cutter bar to hold the crop
being cut by the knife and to push and guide it to a conveyor platform or feeder conveyor
auger
13. mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting, picking, stripping or picking up crop, threshing,
separating, cleaning and conveying grain into a grain hopper and depositing harvest residue
onto the ground
14. oscillating structure which supports the cleaning sieve(s) and which may also support the
chaffer and the chaffer extension
15. assembly of two or more racks which agitates the straw and separates the remaining grains
from straw
16. element placed on the rear side of the cylinder and above to rear ward of concave or
concave grate extension or transition grate to assist the deflection of straw on straw walker
17. balanced rotating assembly, comprising rasp bars, beater bars or spikes on its periphery and
their supports, for threshing the crop, which, in conjunction with a stationary element
adjacent to it, is fitted primarily to enhance threshing, where the crop being threshed is
contained between rotating and stationary elements for less than 360°
18. computed rate of being able to reap palay in a given area per unit of time
PAES 225 – RC – Circulated Specifications
1. rotary device which produces a draught of air across the chaffer and cleaning sieve(s) to
blow away the materials or impurities lighter than grains
2. concave-shaped, stationary element adjacent to the threshing cylinder or threshing rotor,
fitted primarily to enhance threshing
3. auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the threshing cylinder
4. ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent
5. device which carries the grains from grain auger to grain tank or bin
6. loss classified according to source, including all field losses attributable to the machine
7. pan for collecting the clean grains after being passed through cleaning sieve(s) for conveying
to grain auger
8. tank used to hold the threshed grain
9. portion of the combine comprising the mechanism for gathering, cutting, and picking the
crop
10. grains that have fallen to the ground due to the machine’s cutting operation
11. all matters other than grains such as paddy stalks and leaves, and weeds
12. revolving slats or arms with battens arranged parallel to the cutter bar to hold the crop
being cut by the knife and to push and guide it to a conveyor platform or feeder conveyor
auger
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

13. mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting, picking, stripping or picking up crop, threshing,
separating, cleaning and conveying grain into a grain hopper and depositing harvest residue
onto the ground
14. oscillating structure which supports the cleaning sieve(s) and which may also support the
chaffer and the chaffer extension
15. assembly of two or more racks which agitates the straw and separates the remaining grains
from straw
16. element placed on the rear side of the cylinder and above to rear ward of concave or
concave grate extension or transition grate to assist the deflection of straw on straw walker
17. balanced rotating assembly, comprising rasp bars, beater bars or spikes on its periphery and
their supports, for threshing the crop, which, in conjunction with a stationary element
adjacent to it, is fitted primarily to enhance threshing, where the crop being threshed is
contained between rotating and stationary elements for less than 360°
18. computed rate of being able to reap palay in a given area per unit of time
PAES 226 – Micromill
1. outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of the
rice grain
2. small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve with round perforations of 1.4
mm in diameter
3. grains that break in the process of milling which have a size of less than eight-tenth (8/10) of
the average length of whole grain
4. grain or fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of the
average length of the whole grain
5. type of micromill with milling capacity of 50 kg/h to less than 100 kg/h
6. weight of palay per unit loading time into the hopper, kg/h
7. friction type rice mill performing simultaneous hulling and whitening operations and having
a milling capacity of 50-250 kg/h
8. grains obtained after the removal of hull and bran
9. quantity of palay that the micromill can process per total milling time, kg/h
10. extent or degree by which the bran layer and germ have been removed
11. ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of palay, percent
12. unhulled grain of Oryza sativa L., that is, grain with the hull/husk enclosing the grain
13. ratio of the weight of grains that do not break in the process of milling and with a size of
eight-tenth (8/10) or more of the whole grain to the total weight of milled rice, percent
14. outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
glumes, floral glumes and awn
15. type of micromill with input capacity of 100-250 kg/h
16. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on less than 15% of the sample grains
PAES 227 – Micromill – MoT
1. longitudinal bran layers remaining in the dorsal grooves after milling
2. small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve with round perforations of 1.4
mm in diameter
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. grain or fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of the
average length of the whole grain
4. extent or degree by which the bran layer and germ have been removed
5. weight of milled rice per unit of milling time, kg/h
6. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the micromill
7. distance between the vertical planes at right angles to the median plane of the micromill
and touching its front and rear extremities between these two planes. Where an adjustment
of components is possible, it shall be set at minimum length.
8. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the micromill, each
plane touching the outermost point of the micromill on its respective side
9. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been completely removed
10. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and the greater part of the
inner bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on 15% to 40% of the sample grains
11. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test until the operation is stable
12. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
may still be present on more than 40 % of the sample grains
13. rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on less than 15% of the sample grains
PAES 228 – Fiber Decorticator
1. slender and greatly elongated natural filament of fiber plant
2. mechanical device used for extracting fibers by crushing, beating and scraping actions
effected by the rotating cylinder with equally spaced blades and breaker or scraper block
3. refers to the physical, chemical and morphological properties of fibers extracted
4. ratio of the dry weight of fiber extracted and total fresh weight of stalks / leaves, expressed
in percent
5. weight of the raw materials (fresh stalks / leaves) fed to the machine per unit time, kg/h
6. part of the decorticator where raw materials are beaten up and crushed
PAES 229 – Fiber Decorticator – MoT
1. the method or extent of extracting (by retting or decorticating) the fiber from the leaves
2. principal factor which determine the grade of a fiber
3. distance between the outermost points along the cylinder base axis
4. equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal operating speed
5. elasticity or stretch of a fiber before rupture
6. distance between the scraper block/breaker block and blades in order to separate fiber
elements from the non-fiber elements of the plant
7. outside diameter generated by the outermost point of the cylinder decorticating elements
8. ratio of the amount between the total weight of the fiber extracted to the total amount of
fiber content on a dry basis
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

9. difference between the total amount of fiber content and amount of fiber extracted on a
dry basis
10. refers to the physical, chemical and morphological properties of fibers extracted
11. ratio of the dry weight of fiber extracted and total fresh weight of stalks/leaves, expressed in
percent
12. indicator of the quality or the characteristics of the physical property of a fiber
13. number of persons needed in the operation of the fiber decorticator
14. properties of the fiber which deal with its anatomical characteristics such as length,
diameter, lumen and wall thickness
15. dry weight of the fiber at 13-14% moisture content extracted per unit time
16. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the machine
17. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of machine and
touching its front and rear extremities
18. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the machine on its respective side
19. inherent strength and behavior of fibers under applied force which determines the
mechanical serviceability or usefulness in commerce such as tensile strength, cleaning and
color
20. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run the decorticating machine
21. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
22. sum of the weights of collected decorticated fiber and all losses
PAES 230 – Coconut Oil Expeller
1. permit a final adjustment of pressure and capacity in order to correct variations in the raw
material and to secure the lowest possible oil content of the copra meal residue
2. dried coconut meat from which oil is extracted
3. residue collected after extracting oil from milled copra
4. freshly extracted coconut oil containing moisture, fiber, resins, colors, etc. from copra
5. barrel or cage consists of a heavy cradle-type frame into which flat steel bars are set
edgewise around the periphery, therefore parallel to the worm shaft functioning as a screen
6. part of the oil expeller where the extraction process occurs
7. weight of input test material per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in
kilogram per hour
8. motor-driven extrusion type machine capable of extracting crude oil from copra for use in
cooking, soapmaking, or as ingredient in other foods such as baked or fried goods
9. electric motor, or internal combustion engine used to run the oil expeller
10. a kind of a screw which has the double task of conveying the raw material through the
pressure chamber formed by the barrel, and at the same time of exerting a pressure on it
PAES 231 – Coconut Oil Expeller – MoT
1. container where oven-dried samples are cooled without affecting its moisture content
2. quantity of crude oil that the expeller can extract per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per
hr
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the oil expeller
4. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the oil
expeller
5. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the oil expeller, each
plane touching the outermost point of the oil expeller on its respective side
6. amount of input test material free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total
weight of the sample
7. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable
8. copra residue that pass through the expeller barrel together with the crude oil but is filtered
by the perforated screen placed at the entrance of the crude oil chute
PAES 232 – Multicrop Washer Peeler
1. practically free from dirt, stains, other foreign materials or absence of caked dirt on the
rhizome or between segments of the rhizome and other crops
2. machine that peels outer skin, or cleans and removes undesirable debris of ginger rhizomes,
sweet potato, potato, arrow root, radish and carrot
3. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the multicrop washer-peeler
4. horizontally elongated subterranean stem, which forms roots on the lower side and shoots
on the upper side of the nodes
5. the amount of washed and peeled crops per unit time during the actual washing-peeling
operation time, expressed in kilogram per hour
6. a cylinder encased in a water container and rotating in a horizontal axis where crops are
being loaded for the washing and peeling operation
7. a cylindrical container that holds the water and washing drum assembly
PAES 233 – MWP – MoT
1. crop condition stored not more than 2 days after harvest
2. weight of input test material per batch, expressed in kilogram per batch
3. number of persons needed to operate the multicrop washer-peeler
4. quantitative efficiency of the machine in cleaning and peeling crops, expressed in percent
5. materials that are damaged (i.e. bruises/scratched, broken, sliced, etc.) as a result of
washing and peeling operation, expressed in percent
6. length of time measured from the time the prime mover was started until it was turned off
7. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the multicrop washer-peeler
8. distance between the vertical planes at a right angles to the median plane of the multicrop
washer-peeler and touching its front and rear extremities
9. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the multicrop
washerpeeler, each plane touching the outermost point of the multicrop washer-peeler on
its respective sides
10. preliminary operation of the machine to make final adjustments prior to the conduct of test
PAES 234 - Multicrop Juice Extractor
1. crop condition stored not more than 2 days after harvest
2. weight of input test material per batch, expressed in kilogram per batch
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. number of persons needed to operate the multicrop washer-peeler

4. quantitative efficiency of the machine in cleaning and peeling crops, expressed in percent
5. materials that are damaged (i.e. bruises/scratched, broken, sliced, etc.) as a result of
washing and peeling operation, expressed in percent
6. length of time measured from the time the prime mover was started until it was turned off
7. distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the multicrop washer-peeler
8. distance between the vertical planes at a right angles to the median plane of the multicrop
washer-peeler and touching its front and rear extremities
9. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the multicrop
washerpeeler,
10. each plane touching the outermost point of the multicrop washer-peeler on its respective
sides
11. preliminary operation of the machine to make final adjustments prior to the conduct of test
PAES 235 – Multicrop Juice Extractor – MoT
PAES 236 – Cystallizer
1. main source of heat used in cooking ginger juice
2. machine that cooks ginger juice to produce ginger tea (instant “salabat”)
3. part of the crystallizer where ginger juice are being loaded for cooking operation
4. ratio between the total weight of recovered ginger tea (instant “salabat”) and the weight of
sugar added to the input ginger juice
5. crystallized form of ginger from its juice
6. weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram per batch
7. type of fuel used in cooking ginger juice
8. component of the crystallizer that is used in stirring to attain the desired consistency of
themixture to produce ginger tea (instant “salabat”)
PAES 237 Cystallizer, MoT
1. type of fuel from living organisms such as plants, animals and their by-products
2. total percent of ginger tea (instant “salabat”) loss based on the recovered product
3. quantity of juice that the crystallizer can cook per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per
hour
4. ratio between the total weight of recovered ginger tea (instant “salabat”) and the weight of
sugar added to the input juice, expressed in percentage
5. principal factor which indicates the uniformity of ginger tea (instant “salabat”)
6. refers to the physical and chemical properties of the product, instant “salabat”
7. weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram
8. type of fuel used in cooking ginger juice
9. length of time measured from the time the burner is turned on until it is turned off
10. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the crystallizer
PAES 238 –multicrop Micromill
1. part of the machine where the ground/milled products are being discharged
2. part of the machine (usually made of cheesecloth) where the small or powdered solids are
being separated and protected from the air
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. finely ground or powdered foodstuffs from grains or other starchy plant foods used mainly
in baking
4. an ingredient (as condiment, spice or herb) added to food primarily to enhance its flavor
5. weight of material per unit loading time into the hopper, expressed in kilogram per hour
6. part of the multicrop micromill where milling/grinding takes place
7. ratio between the amount of acceptable ground/milled product and the total milling
recovery, expressed in percentage
8. machine that grinds dried product meal of various crops into finer particles suitable for the
purpose of food seasoning or as flour
9. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the multicrop micromill
PAES 239 multicrop micromill moT
1. indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product
2. weight of input test material per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour
3. time required to empty the hopper from full load per trial
4. number of man-day needed in the operation of the multicrop micromill
5. total amount of materials milled over the total time the multicrop micromill is in operation,
expressed in kilogram per hour
6. ratio between the amount of acceptable ground/milled product and the total milling
recovery,expressed in percentage
7. ratio between the total amount of ground/milled product recovered and the total input
materials, expressed in percentage
8. actual milling operation of the machine
9. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the machine
10. refers to the fineness of the ground/milled product
11. preliminary operation of the machine to make final adjustments prior to the conduct of test
12. free of openings that allow the entry or passage of moisture
PAES 240 – Fans and Blowers
1. shape of a wing or blade of a propeller, rotor, or turbine or sails as seen in cross section
2. asymmetry between the top and the bottom curves of an airfoil in cross-section
3. force cause by friction which slows down the movement of an object
4. device for moving air which utilizes a power-driven rotating impeller
5. structure mounted on the inlet and/or outlet part of fan/blower for safety purpose
6. angle measured between the air inlet and lower camber of the fan/blower
7. sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move perpendicular to the direction of flow
8. ratio between the lift force and the drag force on fan/blower blades during operation
9. side of the fan/blower blade where the air comes in contact with at entry
10. side of the fan/blower blade that is usually pointed and where the deflection of air occurs
11. ratio between the hub diameter and the fan/blower wheel diameter
12. rotating device with blades projecting from a hub
13. any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air
PAES 241 – FandB – MoT
1. part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the fan to the air by increasing its total
pressure from the inlet to the outlet
2. angle measured between the air inlet and the lower camber of the fan/blower
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. when the air flow/movement produces by fan/blower starts to reverse direction

4. device for moving air which utilizes a power driven rotating impeller
5. ratio between the hub diameter and the fan/blower wheel diameter
6. ratio between the lift force and the drag force on fan/blower blades during operation
7. tube that is being connected to a manometer and is being used to measure the static and
total force of air in the testing duct of fan/blower (see Figure 3)
8. part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the fan/blower to the air in overcoming
static pressure from the inlet to the outlet
9. potential energy put into the system by the fan/blower and is given up to friction in the
ducts and at the duct inlet as it is converted to velocity pressure
10. conical structure or orifice rings that are being used at the end of testing duct of fan/blower
to enable variation in air volumetric flow rate
11. sum of the static and velocity pressure
12. point in the duct at which measurement using pitot tube shall be done
13. pressure along the line of the flow that result from the air flowing through the duct
PAES 242 – Biomass Furnace
1. organic materials used as renewable source of energy like wood chips, corncobs and rice
hulls, etc.
2. enclosed structure for intense heating by fire using any biomass like woodchips, corncobs
and rice hulls as fuel
3. fire resistant surface located at the heating chamber of the biomass furnace
4. materials to be processed (i.e. dried, burned, melted, etc.) using biomass furnace
5. framework of metal bars or fire bricks used to hold biomass fuel in furnace for more
efficient combustion
PAES 243 – BF – MoT
1. ratio of the actual and the theoretical heating value of fuel, expressed in percent
2. ratio of the heat transferred and heat available in biomass furnace, expressed in percent
3. heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the
material into a gas without temperature change
4. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the biomass furnace.
5. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the biomass
furnace and touching its front and rear extremities.
6. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the biomass furnace on its respective side.
7. heat absorbed or evolved by a substance during a change of temperature that is not
accompanied by a change of state
8. ratio of actual and theoretical heat supplied by the fuel to the furnace, expressed in percent
PAES 244 – Biomass Shredder
1. machine used to cut biomass materials into strips
2. part of a shredding machine which is used to cut or sliced twigs or small branches of trees
into small and uniform sizes called chips
3. organic materials used as renewable source of energy and other agricultural applications
4. part of the biomass shredder where the biomass materials to be cut are loaded
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

5. electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the biomass shredder
6. weight of biomass material fed into the shredder, expressed in kilogram per hour
7. ratio of the weight of the input biomass materials less unshredded biomass materials, to the
total weight of the input biomass materials to the shredder, expressed in percent
PAES 245 – BS – MoT
1. organic materials used as renewable source of energy and other agricultural applications
2. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the biomass shredder
3. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the biomass
shredder and touching its front and rear extremities
4. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the biomass shredder on its respective side
5. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test until the operation is stable
6. ratio of the weight of the input biomass materials less unshredded biomass materials, to the
total weight of the input biomass materials to the shredder, expressed in percent
7. weight of biomass material fed into the shredder, expressed in kilogram per hour
8. biomass material that is not totally cut into strips
PAES 246 – Dehusked Corn Dryer
1. unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been removed mechanically or
manually
2. refers to the leafy outer/protective covering of an ear of corn as it grows on the plant
3. device for removing excess moisture from the ear of corn without husk, generally by forced
or natural convection with or without addition of heat
4. air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of materials to be dried
at the desired air flow rate and pressure
5. difference between the maximum and the minimum moisture content randomly sampled
after drying
6. chamber wherein air pressure is developed for uniform distribution of the heated air
through the material to be dried
7. any device that is used to avoid human accident and/or damage to the parts and
components of the dryer during the operation and automatically shuts-off the operation of
the dryer in case of malfunction
PAES 247 – DCD – MoT
1. volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of dehusked corn per minute
2. corn kernels which are heat damaged, weather damaged, sprouted or distinctly damaged by
insects, water, fungi and/or any other means
3. mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the dehusked corn, measured at a
number of points practicably as close to its entry to the drying bed
4. maximum capacity that the dehusked corn dryer can dry to meet the desired moisture
content
5. total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time, expressed in kg/h
6. product of combustion efficiency and burner/furnace efficiency; the ratio of heat supplied to
the dryer and the heat available from the fuel used, expressed in percent
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

7. weight of dehusked corn required to fill the dryer at the input moisture content
8. ratio of the average percent moisture content removed from the dehusked corn to drying
time, expressed in percent per hour
9. pressure build-up in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform dustribution of air flow
through the dehusked corn mass, expressed in mmH2O
PAES 248 – Fruit Dryer
1. air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of materials to be dried
at the desired air flow rate and pressure
2. ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant that are edible, usually sweet and in fleshy
form
3. device for removing excess moisture from the fruits, generally by forced or natural
convection with or without addition of heat
4. difference between the maximum and the minimum moisture content randomly sampled
after drying
5. chamber wherein air pressure is developed for uniform distribution of the heated air
through the material to be dried.
6. any device that is used to avoid human accident and/or damage to the parts and
components of the dryer during the operation and automatically shuts-off the operation of
the dryer in case of malfunction
7. ratio of vapor pressure of water in the product to the water vapor pressure of pure water at
the same temperature.
PAES 249 – FD- MoT
1. volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of fruits per minute
2. mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the fruit, measured at a number of points
as close as practicable to its entry to the drying bed
3. maximum capacity that the fruit dryer can removed moisture content per unit time
4. ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, to the amount of heat
added to the drying air, expressed in percent
5. amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
6. ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat available in the fuel expressed in
percent
7. total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time
8. total amount of heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, expressed in kJ/kg of
water
9. weight of fruits required to fill the dryer at the initial moisture content
10. ratio of the average percent moisture content removed from the fruits, to drying time,
expressed in percent per hour
11. pressure build-up in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform dustribution of air flow
through
12. the sliced fruits, expressed in mmH2O
PAES 250 – Coconut Coir Decorticator
1. fibrous covering of a coconut fruit comprising of 30% fiber and 70% parenchymatous cells
2. slender and elongated fibrous materials extracted from coconut husk
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

3. fine and powder-like particles parenchymatous cells that are extracted from the coconut
husk
4. machine to crush matured coconut husk through impact or beating action to separate coco
fiber and coconut peat from the husk
5. ratio of the weight of the input coconut husk partially and totally undecorticated coconut
husk to the total weight of the input coconut husk to the decorticator, expressed in percent
6. refers to the physical and morphological (e.g. tensile strength, maturity, color, fiber length
and cleanliness) properties of fibers extracted
7. weight of coconut husk fed into the decorticator expressed in kilogram per hour
PAES 251 – CCD – MoT
1. fibrous covering of a coconut fruit comprising of 30% fiber and 70% parenchymatous cells
2. slender and elongated fibrous materials extracted from coconut husk
3. fine and powder-like particles parenchymatous cells that are extracted from the coconut
husk
4. machine to crush matured coconut husk through impact or beating action to separate coco
fiber and coconut peat from the husk
5. ratio of the weight of the input coconut husk partially and totally undecorticated coconut
husk to the total weight of the input coconut husk to the decorticator, expressed in percent
6. weight of coconut coir fed into the decorticator expressed in kilogram per hour
7. refers to the physical and morphological (e.g. tensile strength, maturity, color, fiber length
8. and cleanliness) properties of fibers extracted distance between the horizontal supporting
plane surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the decorticator
9. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the
decorticator and touching its front and rear extremities
10. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the decorticator on its respective side
11. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test until the operation is stable
12. portion of the coconut husk that is partially crushed and totally crushed
PAES 252 – Coffee Pulper
1. machine to remove and separate the soft pulp of ripe coffee cherry without making any
damage to the parchment coffee
2. ripened fruits of coffee shrubs (see Fig. 1)
3. thread like component of rotating cylinder of the pulping chamber
4. angle of inclination of the rubber coated flutes
5. weight of coffee cherry fed into the pulper per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
6. weight of parchment coffee collected at coffee outlet per unit time, expressed in kilogram
per hour
7. process of removing and separating the skin and pulp of coffee cherry
8. slimy layer found between the pulp and adhering to the parchment
9. endocarp of the coffee cherry, lies between the fleshy part (or pulp) of the cherry and coffee
bean
10. final output product when the coffee cherry has undergone pulping process
11. part of machine where parchment coffee are collected
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

12. part of machine where pulps are collected

13. red or green thin fleshy outer layer of the coffee cherry
14. ratio of total weight of parchment coffee collected at all outlets to the total coffee cherry
input to the machine, expressed in percentage
15. ratio between the total weight of parchment coffee collected at the main outlet to the total
weight of input coffee cherry to the machine, expressed in percentage
16. ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that comes out to the pulp outlet to the
total input weight of coffee cherry to the pulper, expressed in percentage
17. ratio of the total weight of unpulped coffee cherry to the total input weight of coffee cherry
to the pulper, expressed in percentage
18. ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that fell around the base of coffee pulper
to the total coffee cherry input to the machine, expressed in percentage
19. ratio of the total weight of damaged parchment coffee to the total weight of sample,
expressed in percentage
PAES 253 – CP – MoT
1. ratio of the total weight of damaged parchment coffee to the total weight of sample,
expressed in percentage
2. weight of coffee cherry fed into the pulper per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
3. weight of parchment coffee collected at coffee outlet per unit time, expressed in kilogram
per hour
4. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the pulper machine
5. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the pulper
and touching its front and rear extremities
6. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the pulper on its respective side
7. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test until the operation is stable
8. ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that comes out to the pulp discharge to the
total input weight of coffee cherry to the pulper, expressed in percentage
9. ratio of total weight of parchment coffee collected at all outlets to the total coffee cherry
input to the machine, expressed in percentage
10. ratio between the total weight of parchment coffee collected at the main outlet to the total
weight of input coffee cherry to the machine, expressed in percentage
11. ratio of the total weight of unpulped coffee cherry to the total input weight of coffee cherry
to the pulper, expressed in percentage
12. ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that fell around the base of coffee pulper
to the total coffee cherry input to the machine, expressed in percentage by weight
PAES 254 – Abaca Stripper
1. long and slender natural filament of abaca plant
2. part of abaca plant which consist of several layers of leaf sheath
3. mechanical device used for extracting primary fibers by scraping action from blade and
stripping block
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

4. method that uses bolo to partially cut (leaving the upper layer 1 mm to 2 mm thick uncut)
crosswise the middle of the inner portion of the leaf sheath to be able to extract the tuxies
5. refers to the physical properties such as tensile strength, length, color and texture (fineness
and coarseness) of fibers extracted
6. method that uses tuxying knife to thrust one side of the leaf sheath and make a cut between
the upper and the inner portions of the material to be able to extract the tuxies
7. weight of the output fiber extracted from the abaca stripper per unit time, kg/h
8. soft tissue or non-fibrous material attached to the fiber
9. summation of the dry weight (moisture content of 14%) of extracted fiber using manual or
mechanical abaca stripper and unextracted fiber manually obtained
10. ratio of fresh weight of fiber extracted and the total fresh weight of input abaca tuxies to
the abaca stripper, expressed in percent
11. extracting the fiber from abaca tuxies using abaca stripper
12. part of the abaca stripper that provides friction and where raw materials are being locked in
position during fiber extraction
13. ratio of the total dry (moisture content of 14%) weight of the fiber extracted to the potential
fiber content of abaca tuxies, expressed in percent
14. metal plate, non-serrated or serrated, that provides stripping action
15. the outer layer of abaca leaf sheath which contains the primary fiber
16. separating the outer layer from inner layer of leaf sheath which is at most 1.8 mm of abaca
leaf sheath either by locnit method (using tuxying knife) or bacnis method (using bolo
PAES 255 – A.S. MoT
1. ratio of the total dry weight (moisture content of 14%) of the fiber extracted to the potential
fiber content of abaca tuxies, expressed in percent
2. difference between the potential fiber content of abaca tuxies and dry weight (moisture
content of 14%) of the actual fiber extracted using abaca stripper, expressed in percent
3. refers to the physical properties such as tensile strength, length, color and texture (fineness
and coarseness) of fibers extracted
4. indicator of the quality or the characteristics of the physical property of a fiber
5. fresh weight of the output fiber extracted from the abaca stripper per unit time, kg/h
6. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the stripping machine
7. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the abaca
stripper and touching its front and rear extremities
8. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the stripper on its respective side
9. summation of the weight of extracted fiber using manual or mechanical abaca stripper and
unextracted fiber manually obtained
10. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable.
11. ratio of fresh weight of fiber extracted and the total fresh weight of input abaca tuxies to
the abaca stripper, expressed in percent
PAES 256 – Corn Picker
1. cereal grass belonging to the Poaceae family
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

2. fruit of the corn plant with husk

3. machine attached to the side of tractor designed for picking corn
4. part of the corn picker that pulls the corn stalk downward thereby, stripping the corn ear
during operation
5. direct the stalks of the corn plant to the snapping rolls
6. part of the corn picker that prevents the corn stalk from bending and separate the corn ear
from the stalk
PAES 257 – CP MoT
1. actual rate of being able to harvest corn in a given area per unit of time
2. cereal grass belonging to the Poaceae family
3. fruit of the corn plant with husk
4. machine attached to the side of tractor designed for picking corn
5. measures the ability of the corn picker to deliver the harvested corn ear to the collecting bin
6. ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent
7. measures the ability of the corn picker to harvest the corn ear from the corn stalk through
snapping and stripping action
8. maximum yield per unit area
9. computed rate of harvested corn in a given area per unit time
10. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the corn picker
11. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the corn
picker and touching its front and rear extremities
12. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the corn picker on its respective side
13. running-in period
14. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test until the operation is stable
PAES 258 – Feed Mixer
1. meal type, pellets or crumble type of food that are mixed from various raw materials and
additive
2. machine used to mix uniformly the feed ingredients
3. statistical representation of the precision of distribution of feed ingredients
4. weight of the feed ingredients fed to the machine per unit time, expressed in kilogram per
hour
PAES 259 – FD MoT
1. weight of feed ingredients fed into the feed mixer per unit time, expressed in kilogram per
hour.
2. statistical representation of the precision of distribution of feed ingredients
3. mathematical average of the samples taken from the feed mixed
4. distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching
the uppermost part of the feed mixer.
5. distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the feed
mixer and touching its front and rear extremities.
 PAES Post Harvesting Definition of Terms

6. distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the feed mixer on its respective side.
7. statistical measurement of dispersion or variation in distribution of feed ingredients.
8. preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
the test