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WORK DAIRY

DATE WORK CARRIED OUT THROUGH INTERNSHIP

Aug 24 Introduction and practice of AUTOCADD
Aug 25 Information about site plan and c/s in auto cadd
Aug 26 Site visit
Aug 27 Site visit
Aug 29 Autocadd individual c/s of staircase
Aug 30 Reinforcement detailing of staircase
Aug 31 Site visit
Sep 01 Reinforcement details and print layout
Sep 02 Auto cadd plan of building
Sep 03 Auto cadd roof beam and slab layout
Sep 05 Auto cadd slab work
Sep 06 Introduction beam elevation
Sep 07 Site visit
Sep 08 Site visit
Sep 09 Slab drawing and beam elevation
Sep 10 Site visit
Sep 12 Site visit
Sep 13 Site visit
Sep 14 Site visit
Sep 15 Site visit
Sep 16 Site visit
Sep 17 Site visit
Sep 19 Steel estimation of beams
Sep 20 Beam elevation
Sep 21 Site visit
Sep 22 Site visit
Sep 23 Site visit
Sep 24 Site visit

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CONTENT
1. Company profile
 Introduction of company
 Mission
 Vision
2. About project
3. Materials used in the construction
 Cement
 Sand
 Steel
 Concrete Blocks / Bricks
 Coarse aggregate
4. Autocadd
 About Auto cadd
 Residential building plan
 Commands
 Keyboard short cut
 Cross section of stairs
 Beam layout and slab layout
 Beam reinforcement
 Reinforcement of staircase

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5. Work place
 Site visit
 Office work
6. Conclusion

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1. About the company

1.1 CREATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS CONSULTANCY , Opposite to Tehsildar Office Koppal , Karnataka - 583231

CREATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS CONSULTANCY founded, owned, managed, controlled and

directed by qualified and experienced Engineers. It provides Planning, structural designing, 3D
elevations, Interior designing, Estimation, Construction and surveying services in the public sector
with a focus on design, drawings, construction supervision, monitoring, project management, cost
engineering, construction management, quality monitoring and quantity surveying. The company is
associated with highly qualified professionals with extensive experience, technical competency,
managerial capacity and reliability. Extensive experience in planning and project execution of
Residential, Institutional and commercial projects. The firm has been in operation for the Three years,
prides its work experience from a variety of talented personnel in different areas of specialties and
carries a combined experience of over 5 years that has been seconded to it by its director, associates and
other key employees. The director and associates have extensive knowledge and expertise in the built
environment industry hence the decision to establish their own company and empower themselves.

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1.2 Mission:
To provide clients with the high quality, cost effective services and relevant scientific information required to address
possible impact on the environment which may result from their activities.

1.3 Vision:
• With the fast-growing technology in the world, we urge in delivering advanced solutions, aiming to
become the most admired firm in our industry.

Our values:
• Delight our clients
• Deliver on commitments
• Innovative Solutions
• Empower people and
• Depend on one another

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2 About project

In this internship programme I have preformed both software and site visit. The project company presently under
going is residential building , storage building.

The details of the Project are as Follows:

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1. Project Details:
Type: Residencial Buildind

Face of Building: West Face

Location: Vijaynagara area Koppal - 583231

Total area : 108 Sq m ( 9m * 12m)

Contractor: Krishna Murti

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3 MATERIALS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION

Site storage involves the provision of adequate space , protection and control for materials , components and
equipment that are to be kept on a construction site during the building process. There are several factors to be
considered when deciding on the amount and nature of storage required. The quality of most construction materials
can be affected by varying weather conditions. So, to ensure you retain their quality , it’d be helpful to store them in
room temperature condition and carefully cover them. Also , it’d be helpful to ensure your construction materials
aren’t placed on bare ground.They also tell me about the material used in construction of first floor of our building
like w/c ratio in concrete, grade of concrete which was used for construction work, types of bricks etc. as following.

3.1 CEMENT:
Cement was first discovered by an English brick layer named Joseph Aspdin in 1824. He called it Portland cement for
the reason that the cement he discovered resembled the limestone found in Portland. There are many other types of
cement. The approximate composition of Portland cement is given below

material COMPOSITION

1. Lime (Cao) 60-70%

2. Silica (Si02) 20-25%

3. Ferric Oxide (Fe203) 2-3%

4. Alumina (A1203) 5-10%

Table 1- Composition of Portland cement

The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste. This paste first sets
i.e. it becomes firms and then hardens due to chemical reaction, called hydration, between the
cement and water. On setting & hardening, the cement binds the aggregate together into a stone
like hard mass & thus provides strength, durability & water-tighten to the concrete. Quality of
cement is basedon grade of cement.
There are different types of Grade which use in construction work. These are given below.

• 33 Grade OPC is used for general construction works like plastering and finishing works in
normal environmental conditions. However, its use is virtually phased out today.
• Coming to the 43 Grade OPC, it is the most commonly used grade for home construction.

It has its applications in plastering, finishing works, precast items. Foundations, brick
work, And compound wall and so on. It has more strength development than the 33
Grade cement.

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• 53 Grade OPC develops strength very fast. High rise building constructions use 53 Grade cement. This is

• applicable for use in structures where high-Grade concrete is required. They used Portland cement of 53

grades (ACC CEMENT) at the construction site

• Details of this cement is:

• The initial setting time of cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr.) The final setting time of cement = 10 hrs.

• We used this cement in different works at site like plastering, brick masonry, finishing work, foundation

work etc.

3.2 AGGREGATES
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size and shapes. Neat cement is very rarely used in
construction works since it is liable to shrink too much and become cracks on setting. Moreover, it will be
costly to use neat cement in construction work. Therefore cement is mixed with some inert strong & durable
hard materials.

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They also reduce the cost of concrete because they are comparative much cheaper as cement. There are two
types of aggregates

• Fine Aggregate

• Coarse Aggregate

4.2.1 FINE AGGREGATE (SAND):

The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 75 micron (.075mm)

I.S. sieve is known as fine aggregate.

 They used M Sand for construction

 They used M sand for concrete, mortar

FUNCTION OF FINE AGGREGATE:

The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill up the voids existing in the coarse aggregate and to
obtain a dense and strong concrete with less quantity of cement and increase the workability of the concrete mix

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3.2.2 COARSE AGGREGATE:

The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 4.75 I.S. sieve is known as coarse
aggregates.

FUNCTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE:

The coarse aggregates are used in mixing of concrete. It is mixed cement, sand with water. These aggregates increase
the strength of bonding in aggregates. Coarse aggregates are used in construction of plan cement concrete (PCC),
foundation, beams and columns etc.

 At the site contractor used coarse aggregate of size 40mm and 20mm.

 40mm down size are used for base concrete and 20mm down size are used for Rcc.

3.3 CONCRETE:

Concrete for construction work is defined by different grades as the ratio of cement: sand: coarse aggregate. The
principle of grading is that the smaller particles will fill up the voids between large particles. This results in the most
economical use of cement paste for filling the voids & binding together the aggregate in the preparation of concrete.

Thus proper grading of fine & coarse aggregate in concrete mix produces a dense concrete with less quantity of
cement.

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At our construction site the grade of concrete which was used in R.C.C slab. Column, Beams was M25 and M20 for
Footing Slab.

3.4 REINFORCEMENT:

The material which is used to develop a good bond with concrete in order to increase its tensile strength is known as
reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion. So steel bars lire used as
reinforcement.

FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT:

Reinforcement works as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and week in tension so
reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members.

At the site contractor was using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars of
diameter 8 mm, 10 mm, 12mm, 16 mm as per requirement of design in Footing, column, beams, and slabs.

3.5 WATER:
It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines with cement and forms a binding paste. The paste thus
formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse aggregate bringing them into close adhesion. We should check pH
value of water, TDS, sodium potassium carbonate and bicarbonates, chloride content, calcium chloride, sodium
sulphide, sodium hydroxide and should be perform various tests before using it in construction work. In our project
source of water is a tube well which is already there in construction site. The quality of water is good for purpose of
construction work and can be used for drinking purpose also.

3.6 Brick:

Bricks are used for building up exterior or interior walls, partitions, piers, footing and other load bearing structure. A
brick is rectangular in shape and size that can be conveniently handled with one hand. Brick may be made of burnt

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clay or mixture sand and lime, or of fly ash lime and sand, or Portland cement concrete. Clay brick are commonly
used since these are economical easily available.

• Modular Brick Size =190mm x 90mm x 90mm

• Non Modular Brick/concreteblock Size= 230mm x 110mm x70mm

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4 AUTOCADD BASIC
AUTOCAD is a computer –aided design (CAD) and drafting software application created by the company
Autodesk . A range of professionals like architects , city planners and graphic designers use it . autocad has
become one of the most widely used CAD programs world wide.
There are different types of auto cad
 Auto cad
 Autocad lt
 Autodesk construction cloud

The benefits of autocad are :

 Draw to scale
 Easy layout and viewing
 Draw accurately
 Make changes easily and reduce risk of error
 Identify design problems
 Calculate materials quantities for production
 Store and transfer data safely
 Save time and money.

Procedure of AutoCAD
 Open autocad 2021 software application in laptop
 Open new drawing file and a new page open
 Set limits and units according to requirement
 LIMITS : 0,0 ENTER , 420,150 ENTER
 UNITS : Architectural , precision 0.00, millimeters or meters
 Now create the layer of required quantities ex: wall , center line , footing etc
 Now start the drawing according to requirement
 Now give the dimensions and text
 Edit the dimensions and text in dimension style (dimsty)
 Provide the hatching(BH) to all the required spaces
 Now in the layout set the page manager setup and set the page
 Now draw the folding points of the sheet
 Now through vports plot the drawings in rectangular box

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 Now change the paper to model and the set up of drawing page in done then change model to paper
 Now take the print ctrl+P or plot
 Save as pdf
 Now the drawing is completed
It can be taken printout

List of shortcut to be used in autocad

 L – it can be used for making simple lines in the drawing

 C – it is the command used for making a circle in auto cad

 PL- This command can be used to make a Polyline in your drawing.

 REC- This command will make a rectangle in AutoCAD.

 POL- This command can be used to make a polygon with minimum 3 sides and a maximum of 1024 sides.

 ARC -As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an arc in AutoCAD.

 ELLIPSE- As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an ellipse with the major and minor axis.

 REG- This command can be used to make a region geometry in AutoCAD.

 CO- This command is used to copy object(s) in AutoCAD.

 ARRAY- Using this command you can make Rectangular, polar or Path array.

 TR- This command is used for trimming a geometry.

 OP -Using this command you can open options window which contains most of the settings of AutoCAD

 SC- This command is used to change the scale of an object.

 B- This command is used for creating a block, the properties of the block can be defined using the block
definition window.

 I- This command can be used to insert an existing block or a drawing as a block in AutoCAD.

 ST- Using this command you can open text style window which controls properties of the default AutoCAD
text style.

 X- This command can be used to explode objects like Polyline to simple lines, an array or a block to a simple
geometry etc

 F -This command can be used to add rounded corners to the sharp edges of the geometry, these round corners
are also called fillets.

 CHA- This command can be used to add slant edges to the sharp corners, these slant edges are also called
chamfers.

 LA- This command can be used to open layer properties manage palette which is a tool for creating and
managing layers in a drawing.

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Keyboard Shortcut Keys

 Ctrl + N- You can use this shortcut to open a new drawing a tab in AutoCAD.

 Ctrl + S- You can use this keyboard shortcut to save a drawing file.

 Ctrl + Shift + S- You can use this keyboard shortcut to save the drawing as a new file or in short this is
shortcut for “save as” command.

 Ctrl + 0- Clears screen to show only the drawing area and hides palettes and tabs. Press it again to reset
default AutoCAD interface.

 Ctrl + 1- Select and object and press Ctrl + 1 to open the properties palette which lists properties of the object.
You can use this palette to modify most of the properties of the object too. You can also use PR command to
open the property palette.

 Ctrl + 2 -You can use it to open design center palette which contains many AutoCAD blocks that can be used
directly in your drawing.

 Ctrl + 9 -You can use this keyboard shortcut to toggle the visibility of command line. If for some reason your
command line is hidden from the drawing area, then use this keyboard shortcut to bring it back

 Ctrl + C- Select objects from the drawing area and press Ctrl + C to copy to objects to the clipboard.

 Ctrl + V- To paste the copied objects of the clipboard in the drawing keeping their original properties, you can
use this keyboard shortcut.

 Ctrl + Shift + V- To paste the copied objects as a block you can use this keyboard shortcut, the block thus
created will have a random set of characters as is name. You can use this keyboard shortcut to make blocks
quickly without going through the create block window.

 Ctrl + Z- This keyboard shortcut can be used to undo last action in your drawing. You can press this shortcut
key multiple times to undo many actions.

 Ctrl + Y- This keyboard shortcut can be used to redo the last undo action which you have performed.

 Ctrl + Tab- You can use this keyboard shortcut to cycle through all open drawing tabs in AutoCAD.

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5 Work place
5.1 At office :

As the part of internship I have been gone through practice of both autocadd and site work . office practices are the
day-to-day activities performed by us. At office we have completed few drawings which are attached above. Their
work is built upon knowledge of the host organization‘s goals ,structures, work flow , information and other needs.
We have preformed auto cad activity throughout the office and we have completed many auto cadd drawings
according to clients requirement.

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5.2 At site visit

Site visits in construction education are learning experiences that aid the intern students to better understand real-
world construction practices. These field trips create a guided interactive environment for students , enabling
awareness of spatiotemporal challenges present in a construction project. Through internship we have visited site of
vijayanagara area of koppal district.

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5.2.1 Vijayanagara Construction site :

We have visied this site for 16 days .In 16 days work done was:

i. In 1st day visit we observed that M1 grid in the drawing the column hasn’t construted even the
marking has not been done. In the site and the construction of stairs at shed one was started by
completing the reinforcement only the concrete work was balance.
ii. In 2nd day visit, the reinforcement work continued and the work of lintel started where in the lintel
both the reinforcement and shuttering work has been done and on the present day the concrete filling
has been done
iii. In 3rd day visit , the remaining work of staircase was done filling of concrete for steps has been done
and the deshuttering of lintel was done
iv. In 4th day visit , the completion of M1 grid and plinth beam was done and the curing for staircase and
the shuttering of staircase at shed 2
v. In 5th day visit, the slab shuttering was going on and curing of lintel and bar bending for the slab was
going on.

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6 Conclusion :
As an undergraduate of the Govt. Engineering College Talakal , I would like say this training program is an
Excellent opportunity for us to get to ground level and experience the things that we would have never gained through
going straight into a job we are greatful to the Govt. Engineering College Talakal and CREATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS CONSULTANCY for giving us this wonderful opportunity .

The main objective of the internship is to provide an opportunity to undergraduate to identify , observe and
practice how civil engineering is applicable and real site it is not only to get experience on technical practices but also
to observe management practices and to interact with the field workers. The only chance that an undergraduate has to
have this experience in the internship training period.

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