August 28, 2019

● How did white southerners and northerners define “freedom” before the Civil War?
○ Southerners( slavery equals freedom)
■ World makes sense to them; slavery equal freedom
■ Slavery- animalzing feature; commidfying a person
■ Slaveholders; 25%
■ Feels as they had a perfect utopia and everyone was equal
■ Believed
■ Slavery was religiously appropriate and supported in churches
○ Northerners (labor is freedom)
■ Opportunities in the west
■ Free labor ideology;mable to pick and chose employers
● Labor equals power
● Labor has value
● If you work harder, you’ll be rewarded
■ “Slave Power” Conspiracy- slaveholders wanted to take away the
northerners right to vote
■ Nativitist Platform- immigrants were least to the white nativist
●
■ Republican party emerges
● Waned to protect the white man’s freedom
● Free soil- Slavery not allowed to expand
■ Does not care about the slaves freedom, just the white man's ability to
● How did the Union approach the issue of slavery throughout the war?

● Africian American”Freedom” during Slavery

● Three Branches of Government view on Slavey
○ Executive Branch
■ Abraham LIncolon view slavery as unconstiottional
■ However, executive branch lacked power at the time to change to laws on
slavery
○ Legislative Branch
■ Congrress was spilt in alf on the standing of slavery
○ Judicial Branch
■ Blieved slavery equaled property

September 4, 2019
● How did the government respond to African AAmericans
○ Passed the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1866)
■ A government agency designed to assist newly freed slaves ( 4 million)
■ Had 700 agents throughout the south
■ Helped them to read labor contracts
■ Resolve labor disputes
■ Certified marriage certificates
 ■ Provide medical care
■ President Johnson veto twice, Congress overturned
○ Cons of the Freedmen’s Bureau
■ Some believed that frican Americans were getting handouts while others
worked
■ Lack of funding and support
○ Positive Liberties
■ Congress should have the power to enforce
● Lost Cause
○ Ex confederates memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction
■ States rights caused the Civil War (not slavery)
■ Slaves were loyal and obedient; needed paternalistic masters
■ Confederate generals were Christian gentlemen
■ Confederate women remained loyal to their husbands and sons;
sacrificed noby for the cause
■ The CSA lost because of the North’s overwhelming numbers and
materials
○ Statues
■ United Daughters of the Confederacy
■ Sons of Confederate Veterans
● Post war South
○ Lost- abrupt departure from the American experience
○ Joined the rest of the developing world, defeated,conquered, and occupied by
another nation
● Nathan Bedford Forrest
○ Founder of the Ku Klux Klan ( 1865-1866)
● U.S. vs. Cruikshank (1876)
○ 1973- Colfax, La
■ 120 + African Americans killed
■ 3 whites killed
○ Defense attorney for those white defendants
■ 14th amendment did not apply ( only applies when the STATE tries to
take away ife, libert, and property
● Post war North
○ Wants to focus on western expansion
○ Becoming more polluted, load and dirty
○ Welcoming more immigrants, who brings more problems
September 25, 2019
● Women’s Role Changing
○ More independent
■ Enter workforce, delaying marriage
○ Educational opportunities
■ Women’s only college
○ Sports
 ■ Basketball, croquet, tennis
○ Politically activate
■ Temperance front
■ Voting rights
○ Boston Marriage- when two financially independent women chose to marry
● Mens and the crisis of Masculinity
○ Women are taking their jobs
○ Domestic work around the house and not being taken care of
○ Loss of power
■ Political
○ Reactions
■ Sports and venues
Chapter 6
Groups and Organizations
● Social Aggregate- social term for “crowd”
● dyad - group of 2
● Triad- group of 3
● The bigger the group the more stable

October 23, 2019

● 1920a
○ Prohibition
○ Speakeasies
■ Transgressing racial lines, sexual + gender categories
○ Women’s Roles Changing
■ Flapper
■ Exploration of one’s sexuality
● Older women believed equality could be achieved by vorting
( 19th amendment )
● Younger women believed equality could be achieved by being
social
○ Birth control
○ Transp
○ Great Migrations and White Flight
● Backlash
○ KKK- 1st generation
■ African American, white allies, southern republican
○ 2nd Generations
■ Jews, Catholics, immigrants, non- Anglo- Saxons
○ 3rd Generations
■ Mexicans/ Hispanics, Muslims, LGBTQ+

● Eugenics + Sterilization
○ Selective reproduction
● Progessive Movement
○ Perfect/ better societies
○ Focused on people who were mentally and physically handicap
○ Homosexuals, alcoholics, abusers, poor traits
○ Buck vs. Bell
Great Depresion
● No social safety net
○ Loss of jobs
○ health
■ Lack access to vitaminist minerals which result in a decline in health
● Nucleur families expand
○ Multiple generations under one household
● Jobs
○ 70-80% unemployment rate
■ Crisis for men
■ highest suicide rates
● Child birth rates decreased
● Causes of the Great Depression
○ Stock market- 2,5%
○ Trade and tariffs
■ Hawley- Smoot Tariffs of 1930
● Taxed imported goods with led to other countries placing taxes
○ German Reparations - recycling of money
○ Dust Bowl
■
○ Housing, auto industries
○ Debt- 50%

● How has 9/11 shaped America from 2001 to the present

● Conservatism- politics and Culture ( big businesses, Family, Military, Immingration and
crime, law and order )
○ Clinton signed NAFTA which is a deal between Mexico, Canada, U.S
○ Defense of Marriage Act- denied federal benefits to same sex couples
○ Immigration- build fences to funnel immigrants accross the most dangerous parts
of the deserts
○ 3 strikes and your out, if you have three felonies, you go to jail for life ( drugs+
african americans
○ pro-military
● Political Extremism
○ Cultural war- abortion
○ Cable news - extreme views= bigger audience and money
○