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Components of Food

1) Food contains different nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals that provide nourishment and energy. Carbohydrates are found in grains, proteins in foods like eggs and lentils, and fats in oils. 2) Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins help build the body, and fats are stored for energy. Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to diseases; for example, a lack of vitamin C causes scurvy. 3) A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, grains and other foods provides all the necessary nutrients and prevents deficiency diseases.

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Pranav Shinde
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3K views5 pages

Components of Food

1) Food contains different nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals that provide nourishment and energy. Carbohydrates are found in grains, proteins in foods like eggs and lentils, and fats in oils. 2) Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins help build the body, and fats are stored for energy. Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to diseases; for example, a lack of vitamin C causes scurvy. 3) A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, grains and other foods provides all the necessary nutrients and prevents deficiency diseases.

Uploaded by

Pranav Shinde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/2/22, 12:38 PM Components of Food

What Do Different Food Items Contain?


Food

Food is the basic requirement for all living organisms.


It provides energy for carrying out the normal physiological activities.

Components of Food

Different components have different nutrients.


They all come together to provide wholesome nourishment to us.
E.g. Rotis and rice contain predominantly carbohydrates.
Dal, eggs, meat etc contain proteins.
Oil, ghee contain fat.

Sources of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins & Minerals and Fats

 (Clockwise, from the left upper corner)

What Do Various Nutrients Do for Our Body?


Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are present mostly as starch.


They provide us energy and are thus energy giving food.
Wheat, Potato, Rice etc. are good sources of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates present in any food item are tested by Iodine test.
Few drops of dilute iodine solution are added to the sample food item.
If the colour changes from brown to blue-black, the presence of starch is confirmed.

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Iodine test for the presence of Starch

Proteins

Proteins are the bodybuilding nutrients.


They are needed to build every single part and organ of the body.
They help in growth and repair of our body.
Eggs, Meat, Lentils etc are good sources of proteins.
Proteins in the sample food are tested by copper sulfate and caustic soda solutions.
Sample food item is made into very dilute paste and above solutions are added to it.
If the colour of the resulting solution changes to purple, presence of protein is
confirmed.

Test for Protein

Fats

Fats are high energy nutrients.


They are needed in a moderate amount by the body.
Fats are the reserved food material of our body.
Oils, ghee, butter etc are the sources of fat.
Fats in the food are tested by a simple paper test.
A little amount of sample food is wrapped in a paper and crushed.
If the paper gets an oily patch, the presence of fat in the food is confirmed.

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Patch test for Fats

Fibres

Fibres are materials that add bulk to the food.


Humans cannot use fibres as a nutrient.
But they help in the easy movement of the food along the digestive system.

Deficiency Diseases
Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is a diet that has all the necessary nutrients in the amount that is
needed for normal body functioning.

A Balanced Diet for Healthy Body

Deficiency Diseases

Deficiency diseases are caused by the lack of certain nutrients.


These diseases can be treated by a properly balanced diet.
If the body is deficient in vitamin we get vitamin deficiency diseases.
E.g. scurvy, pellagra, Rickets etc.
If minerals are deficient, then we get mineral deficiency diseases.
E.g. iron deficiency leads to anaemia, phosphorus deficiency leads to weak bones and
teeth.

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M ineral/V itamin Def iciency disease Symptoms

V itamin A N ight blindness P oor vision,  loss of  vision

in darkness,  complete loss of  vision

V itamin B1 Beriberi W eak muscles little energy to work

V itamin C Scurvey Bleeding gums,  wounds take time to heal

V itamin D Rickets Bones become sof t and bent

V itamin E pale Skin,  rapid aging

V itamin K H aemorrhage takes long time f or blood clotting

Calcium  Rickets in children  weak bones,  twisted limbs,  

and P hosphorus and osteomalacia in adults unf ormed teeth

I ron Anaemia lower level of  hemoglobin,

 f atigue,  dizziness , rapid heartbeat

I odine Goiter Enlarged thyroid glands,

 metal disability in children

Sodium M uscular cramps,  heart disease

Food Sources
Vitamins

Vitamins are the essential nutrients that help us in maintaining normal body functions
and also fight off infections.
Fruits and vegetables are the major sources of vitamins.
Vitamins also keep our eyes, bones, teeth, gums and skin healthy.
A, B complex, C, D, E and K are the vitamins we get from different foods.      

V itamin F unction Source

A Keeps eyes and skin healthy Carrot,  P apaya,  M ango,  Avaoca

Red P umpkin etc

B comple
x H elps the body use energy Green leaf y vegetables,  meat,  f i

f rom the f ood we eat  groundnuts etc

C H elps heal wounds,  maintains Lemon,  orange amla,  guava

healthy gums and blood vessels,  f ights inf ections strawberries,  etc

D Keeps bones and teeth healthy Dairy products,  f ish,  eggs,  sunl

E M aintains healthy skin and hair N uts,  Seeds,  green 

slows down ageing,  powerf ul antioxidant leaf y vegetables avacados etc

K I mportant f actor in blood  Dark green leaf y vegetables,

clotting,  bone healing and body repair  cabbage,  liver,  caulif lower et

Minerals

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Minerals are important substances that help your body's form and function on many


different levels.
Minerals are essential for various metabolic functions including growth and organ
functioning.
Important minerals required for our body are sodium, potassium, calcium,
zinc,iron, phosphorus, magnesium etc

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