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Dynamic Modelling

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47 views22 pages

Dynamic Modelling

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raghuveer singh
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15 Object-Oriented Languages Not suring. the most natural implementing for an bj is 8 series langage Thirchoper cases how ake ageowrcdevgn nd mie Sa pale decisions that are requ reliztbe desi na ei fe goa echnical 1 oe oa Fn ‘et meee vey compars tn conn aus chee npg nt Pee eRSw ne cee of language iene: ese mpleeniation deo Se on of tue chapters cluded in Pa. of ebook oven ela cass pr ind of rast farguge on pre Cape 16 (eno an nt) and Choe 17 (Resa Dust) sd ae cape you wil andes how fap an nel seated langue and you wil underneath ‘Mean json an {454 TRANSLATING A DESIGN INTO AN IMPLEMENTATION orlaively ey toimplement an sje ip wihan see net a agecomt ae smart dep cons Apress defen fan CO frag ne Ing OD epsom He ahs operons: polymorhiam a rnin. an aheriance,& We ‘een oft tse concept of OO langues ste diverse nays in wash ‘Scene sapped found (Sieh 6) and Weese 0 he vse Cos fel ard Sole expan om 1 ipeent 9 ONT ei (0 tnege We dics implemen of he abi oboe cones ea Sobers angages. desc th aon ways i which dre MES por be concep Secon 137 dienes more advanced Fars of ett | | | TING A DESIGN NTO WH LENEMATICN se cl ts wpe a is eens anive pcs of alone sone OD tapes Soa See. CLOS msshysoncetdansiectnpeyee us atic aetna tart sewee tome oes 2 oes Tne Stes mo ts pel eo te ‘ler mt etl bon conven eho pies pu oem i Poe scr hes Sata uss somenent nein cee pt fom pa of amber. Fo pe 163 oREATING OBJECTS: bone unguages eae new csi no eo nas Some ann sch ‘Sint an OS avenues th sell sy tet ov npr nae eae open pled cts opt ale sas praton ees 3b tet of Satins unpager chan Cr> an Ee, dont ane as Secs These BRE. pei opeos a cen bj ‘won vore sgt cee be ngage mt lace sorg for abate aes snd sg ae sje Dee eso he stage oc tan nes ‘hl Obst arene ange ine ogre axe cpl ae Pema re ‘ile angie oe fo lef desoying sje 0 ge eed ‘nse aang objects ested akexp operac ch eron THe ‘erm ot ie imo ea ‘Stevan may rn ipl mney mamageneatw ser procs fo meme ngage ‘tS legate page cole ley abs nee ‘cab emg or ein eh dealncaon. 153 creating Object in Cow dst ave elas objets option crete nsanes 4 as nse it etal consact tation nie ew sacs. Tae mane fe tide ‘ecient in ese be he hy, aha 7 Chop 1 OBUECT-ORENTED LANGUAGES 2M xD, Lengel 0, ; Length width, Length hotghey’ = a0; ymin = yor OK S nO! onbdens max = yo + pesanee Incr me osu ong cane ee git ‘siya ais pana oe ot cna ci ell Me eee Se a ata re ee SE ee eae Aeropuerto cea eee evans Sue len pps et tne eee aan eS ty sen tt ay ce a re eta (demic) able outside of any function or by using the “orn ree oh Sig to ems rene se peg ‘Pea Se ees ee popu ‘Caton. & consinicior can be ec caer Wide OS care Acct ans wanes ng me on 2 nuns 10.0:0:0°8 33 ce neal ae SeaLiapee en netrsoare sek near ene ona 4 Ms creme = to cm . die arr nos es ae ee ; forea maie variate cl fhe det, “yen fin i asians mpi Se wi en eet nage ramon se ‘errr icon sth ] 183 CREATING Coucors Dm ong ctl em sh ecg east le ag rsa na ie sel arama ae | ggunectenreea tet ces | atest by applying te dene netatn ote ome gen make sate that no references othe otc man. Pe, = snc rte chan tin ainsi teense irene ye SocRiistetm eet haven sleeve aos ciel aint es hoe 1532 Casting Objects in tet ‘nasal ote ware he arn Co rancor pt ee ‘Al ie eject ae dr hei eat he Co star oa oh ine Tocume ena lhe pen pean mae ee he can Cee ‘ren edo ‘ee adel Craton oh lst bes ae tne of sand ‘nin ert aes Th promt veel Cia op ‘Sore pom sea eo 29 ape Damme, Create (x0, yo, wide SEe (nD) 70, width, helght: REAL) se wmin i= 40; ymin == yo; ° Bmax i= x0 Swath; ymax $5 y+ neighe class wavow ‘A second special operation, Clone copies an existing objet and cress new ae ‘usbuts are denial, * cane ‘There is no way 16 explicidy desuoy a itl objet ch the C+ delete operteh. ‘The Forget operation removes the object reference rom an ety bat des ot et te ‘object tel. The Eitel garbage collector is esonsile fo destroying Objet ht st ap longer accessible because hey cannot be reached rom he rot ojo fom =n oa \ariables. This simplifies the programma’ jb ensderaly aod prevents ary sos ‘bps, bot imposes runtime cost onthe system. ‘ifel's garage colectr nest covet at checks for used objets when mem cry une techn predebned esha Te qarage cleo cn be exp edo sof 418.3 Creating Objects in Smitatk ‘an Smal objec ar ymin at lot om ep. Dealoaon peered 2 Soa ieee Coser allvanabs ae ped ade il bes of ys aba ia ated sng name meoze psn (operon cali) echanon Ney, Obit bj: Sia oes a equ any Heil reation operas, een ma eine, i tjectin Sala, x messige et clas objet at ae alot cl et nae ceaon cls open ha sane es caer han an operation ona sare jt. By coment ho Shun cenes anew ese ofc altela Cuan Efe ere er esis oe mms finance eon oe ca ss operon epic aplie i clas bjt aa ec ve tin mance apron Te deeoper can wre custom nace esion thas anne 00 oekiatn: 8.5 ottesgner 11.0 “Toe netiod wold be dened fs: hater 8 OBIECT ORIENTED LaNcuNges 184 CALUNG OP Ran deine atolae gain © apotat 7 ‘hax @ jin > heishe "541 Caliog Operations in Cre Ces cprtion deca 2 mente, “led oberon ena ume yb cies bln pes mh ine ea ‘sepa pe a Peas ae HU nae or epaten mie cd ieier Wt 3 Co mtd 2 le the rt abt oft maine flown Se ue ie pet ej ot cass ape sme nen ofl ng wi ste An operon te ce: emer ean pear So ‘empl seme sis oni eres othe gt obi oy ‘sen ante apron, Te ever desea wre 2 308 Chapter 1 / OBJECT-ORIENTED UNicuages (O78 Shape: :meve ‘(Length deltax, Leni this->x = th deltay) this->y = this- his->x + deleax; this- >y + deltay: Reference to an attribute of an object that i not he ‘target requires a qualified reference: window->xmin : Unless the qualified should be avoided becau: the same class as the met lates encapsulation of classes, intemal representation such direct auribute access Use an access method on te 15.42 Calling Operations in Eifel etods rons a be simple yes (REAL J in Eifel are called rons. rguens oon ™ TEGER. BOOLEAN, and CHARACTER) or ter-uaed Cac Alpha ser ‘poi Eiffel does not permi ponte : ‘Sener by seving in pron ch reference. However, other operations can be af Tyas frealing a operation sins tor Not th he Eels scietion operat" is euvlet othe Crt opeior "> coal = aShape: SHAPE; ser By: REAL eo iShare.nove (én, 4”); permis imp sce 10th ars fhe ap che by ng te eee feature antes 1 andy ae abuts of he target SHAPE: « ne (deltax, celtay: REAL) is wire Stas shape by lta 154 CALLING OPERaTions ashape moveDelta: aPoine ‘This method would be implemented as follows: class name Shape instance variables infortunately, thee is no way to restrict ac operations ofa class; all operations ae public ts ; ‘aver 19/OBJECTORIENTEDLacutceg 155 USING INHERITANCE, eee soc a olan he hice nin eget cia tote tet ists are specified for a class, not for specific objets) In most languages. te declastiet each class includes ist of supercases fom which tines tbs ind ets 1854 Using Inheritance in C++ isms provided to inplemen inkrine, mensions for lasing ines +The superelass or superclass of lass ar specified as prof the cass ectatin. Ai ‘lus called a derived class. The C= code tht follows declares Shape tobe a abl ct Them. Box snd Ciel are subclasses of Shapes class Teen. Clangen cabson tench sce veeace_ (coun onsen) & angth deltay): pase uength pr) = 9: Weis SPS asiean rick eS testemet eoer cee) = POUT cuangen x0, engin 1 Bee san pick tuenaeh Py seogtartte (color 22l2rl7 Length wldtho, Length hetghe engeh BY)? » 155 USO NMERTaNCe lane Chcctes pa shpy retacted: pant ete ELEL0 ape vid welte estore ‘Tae ati declared ina mpereas inert by sb anes and see te rpea: Tey canbe axed fray sabes ones ey eet pre Oy wees staccato Aen daca prete cet ‘hee tt on en Ces Hoolean Box: pick (Length px, Length ey! ci eos etre ina saps kone aod cate meron ‘ste km be led a a fe appear pean For ape, thor inla Sap tn be vein Bos Ce a eo "Sl Metos dow an rea as Shap se et verin by he eas o Sey ‘Sole ected (hey ae pees y cll ecten wr # (Str of acho white) Medal Shape wre otal wal laa Oe “dees at ape nr ncn at sn abt Operon Ary sas ih 3 Pe ‘ral ncn an obec aces enantio dye cope eh ‘Suny cnc is ees tess plenenaens ral poe ve nce Neto ht oveme ered meds mst be are ae sa. se ee ered nd na vere ned 0b epee Liew esi sarc ‘dnote epted Viral operat Cle ng be se yin elo Tetnowee of lass ancestry can edhe publi ore, Fa peri ere ‘nis priate, en chen of be scanned operation ety ar est tunes of be ancestors Mikingseried operons permite ae we of aha ‘singleton purposes where a te generalization restionay does te 3 ‘ough ne woul dserurage ts Kd of wae Cre pons ule ahaa, by spesying at of perce inthe derivation ‘ane, These of config ait or operation ae fom dere sopeianes ‘sted Co suppons several complied varaton comple etc, nln "hin of consis hat we anata hehe when new iene cree a0 Si 197 MEU MINTED LANGUAGES, - ie 48552 Using Inheritance in Ete! el ete pil ye pee pc pie rn ofr he ta (her nn a ants Ini, eure cad ihe nec tom inte osm, | Sey ope eat tro na class "| Sm cette Ee na ta ant nse en sat oe nove, pick, ungroup As errata dagaared a 1553 Uslnginbertance in Satta Sick (ery: REAL) :BOOLEAN ia dafersed end: Snesoup ia deferred end In Salah. kerning te ame oe spe oa he. ‘ein Ce ad Efe ely ase errs ft eur oa abel we pce Any eh be oven se deed in he oes SO cau, erase, saver ungroupy weite eee Sopetciaas Seetltn Sentient NERS EALo, mesons MEAL 4 bot mts ‘spoint width: widehsize Lengens lengensize 205, caus: MA 3 bey et at ee aN ty esta sen cat ned cna oreergan a et wt e laeStona tacos | aeecimaegyrecce | (Es un endive clase Sere nda overs. sach 6 peraton nove Teed cere eapr cla tr We dfn cae. ihn las CIRCLE, ed at chaste este of supers ae aah o al of ts descend Sisters eto can be vere: 1. The se reads cn ved =e _poersin mest dened ins nga that thea yal 22 tt mpleeat metas oe = programs ate mor i ‘weak yping. The is no way to lok the we of ‘aplation i ot presi in Smal ‘hough some experimental implementations have spported ‘186 IMPLEMENTING ASSOCIATIONS Fee ee Srp hanmtenoeen cae ae en) tel pone eee to mpemet Bue sn yb eg weitiiea nian naar eemlaroernee sears thins terete coerce Seater peerage Ciicntayan teimaerneue case eee Si Seacecnatnomrmos ‘Nletecion cts objec HORT Zs lb nee easement Sass Seca emma Cee PAS ay ale ne cn fe plone Be Diony O Ses a ets ure poms vty mit sa aed ngege=Asoenaors oor ele by es a sing exilim of css tern he pate HE Camo ses Seger nai esther np: Oat he mer must be updated 2s well 10 keep the implementation Fi lsc al eb ce aa eel Een Se gir tence oumtoresean sacs craeamien pee canrscnsna 'S/OBNECT-ORENTED LANGA ly to show up at ine, era og an operation by any ca, compe ‘The standard implementations of Small donot support ipl inheritance, 185 MPLENEATNG Associ rong Whee ane aed esis bt penis muse pa Wiens ‘stove poet mt he be oped The ca mga xo (Charter 18 OBJECT-ORIENTED LaNUAg BS Fi nines cn wp: he srosp too ~ 2 2Fiiivt cis em Te rendsonse n y ‘Sime denis vino ay dang ce si ne vg inns example we have omited code o cheek whet ee Before puting an tern n'a group, we should st che sar ping en a goa cnet wer nana J cdarqmnictenrrione Woven peat aplicic cock ae promion again bag nea prvi oe. ba (Class JiemSer isa collection class that holds sets Catena of tems Ih the flowing prot an item salen ina 17 creave an enpty set Us sesteey a set Siaed (item *)s // aed an tem to the set Temove (izes “1 7/ delete on item from the set Cneaddes (item "17/7 cost for an item in the sat conn lasses tat te more genera ot weap se nda ve alten es iar (een 0] pt ae USA Nati is bi, ey do cis wer cc man colon nr fea hi rary et neta. Tee ropa oa oH tncwing ep ot can no ge cae oes om im ceoups spick (langth x tangth ¥) vray ues cn sam een oe ae SS, vt ce tac or wees (e fave eit ‘ee rota in of obese uh my fe th cue soho asP RS (Sea of aap er rl types nC, tl a ‘fw evetally be done ces tt “Ths wil weepage, cls bes spent iow ck me saul genene comaie) a ‘we ere ox tit vo impeent he ls ey re ‘ei ec rc see ese cone encom A ach in mC ie ls itary he pet ET sc pone aN my ry mae noon eos SS 188 MPLEMENTING ASSocunchs vols Gcoups:ada teen (coe “ites void Group: :eemove seen (2ten *isen) etn lose oe te deta ot rng pec cic casa gene cmt [Bas nth ane ne eter by casing te cee we ave oe) og ‘mae kes ube te af ae 0 = fan scconmpemens soporte oj. then sts et citar caine sor, seston pe a sea anc ‘os pertipe ini oa scpante soca objet sles serge = sel ‘hoje acceso vals etna ower ann poses sty a 0 ‘Shon pcmened win emacs fu cnsun ah ble, te a eo ‘Sal cnmans nae the uber ks me 1862 implementing Associaton in tet ‘ne optonsfrimpleening soca Eel ae Ns snes Co. lel ltr peraateast gene n Elel comer eect nich pari ar te ype fet hl Ts Eat LINKED {UST ube sh tay ay Seo pene he may toone sein Bree TEM 2n4GROUP: > bern vm 3et_groep, yr Selective export ts class cacur SS TEM GRL? sine as zet_group (G0UP}, fozget_gesup |osoue) re ear pena ge cre ces seatace P (SSI Sesser seo selenide eageey et enmasne \ I ‘Seymtioncean ype cen. ata reticent can stew a Gp Any jet mapas 9 Saupe eee No aye . Chen 8 ORE oRENTED aay su proper encesulain ofthe association i possible in Sa opt isn shed aspect he oa te yevay ofthe med, because all metods ae acy pate ‘pee 157, OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE FEATURES. Cheer imgoge nt tp rare tl ent, Tan shape lng at oats 9d eater ecg et ‘om eine of pean ge ay son tag achat a you eiaienas Prt fod nee rae eT en ee glee oem ee Fen a cue yn taping oes ew pint Tn bing your own cs tay ih nga vies lh sl ne a oar oan cen tin Teer en 08 een pea we Herc ae 2 nn mig Sea te ease ne a Sp en Sg Ci ici Sa Fa San ON scam ee goa oe eas 157.1 Muti nhertnes 08 tps i See multiple inheritance, thee 8 tn a Se Nya ee po: even —_ “aed ay sity of conttict among ateibure and opersne utile aa a ent wih te sane se, Ths sets Aen gt ten, Forum erin rane cnn Se le eee Tenaya arpa ve 4572 C1as8 Ub bcm be wed 8 owt 00 ages tay of wat te ie hh Come pe eaten ses. Te aay oie i ss eed abe ple ye oan ‘Sista ne a St Clan peng nn ent ont so ta More compet cls aie mig oe le cha eam nan ey oe Apr rye ears eit ctor te ete cies wah tee ci a {ahavisa prac ita, Sopt tor arg manson rcied ys popes 1873 Etlncy » Ojstorenedange ane meee repent cae ee ‘yin (Salts ad Lp mes iageage ve peter sans Testy of compiled angegs an re trp hs pono ae ching a apie bis fo 0 Une me ‘hayes coef a ue wah se. one ‘De sects the read ef an OO nae oon meet oped yee ‘spies of uncanny ore sy roger wade get es a a os et ‘programs bt es darren cas ey ‘hee of jes one ngeges ce stot the of eth ston a ine alo wn nam eng ples ees es aot slant res of ang pest an ‘Ths wehl samo oe ser vp te tac ean ak inpatient Mo angus Noses ek op ‘meh ae tren Are te St tae cen oo "gpm een th cers tf sven sprain te! aye ‘an Wi isc sown sme cts ny cn ed ‘ine hash ale kp an prtomel nasties ot po lence ee ote suber of tole athe a Cleves emp an be Ina stoped langue ch Co, he cot of tne td sin an Serta angle srr lence Sot giant compro ent al 5 proce Eh cls sa ttre onaning metas bi es fe i ptr eeachneta ted a3 Kn con hte sre pr 9 'temebodscorefothecla sored excys Renin end weston pe Same eievingthemetal ure niente ven le ed ‘hice cat be wel ne ets can be ree ane ete ‘uc anat te pecanpte the ame aetna ane he [Goethe fe cnn be ped). ‘ungng system ean ther optimize mst elon oe yam oy "htitsnede Age perenne othe mh slaty plein cane a ~ co. ES Graber 18 CBLECT-ORENTED Ng sears ered port setement ich iss sts ht maybe ead an ESSERE GRE The Cow frend tan ws deg see ‘ston fr acns by speed cass or fenton, Exxspsaion in be violated through caries we of aheiance. A su ‘Se Seas ofc aipeetas, but fe methods ofthe els drciy sore ‘setnie the eeaplaton of te supecas elesed CL.OS-Ovl Ee ne ‘ita clasto ret vin rom ts sabelnes Tee ae pment infer shee “og clas oases its seperiasses, ut he co ght ning berwees cases ‘fen is weflto wit some “private” operons tha for mera on yah ‘= ett of he sme elas. eis desirable t re the vy these operon ‘Suto casses cannotase thet Is oft eceay tl sible ee ta ‘sural operations, soa simple disinctonbeween pai td rive eo pose Some ‘Sessgcs perm hid level of acest suelases (such he Co prc Se on line ‘Azer: compete Scsson of xcapsulaton found in (Mice 8). ats oemeac = se ‘cSt pion in oer gag aly me ee Taped tegen oe nbn Fr cumple wo denen working pena ‘Speisteticen cone ot wemscated Spot heen opr ae Srna encore mame sshria ooh red rege Oe ERE SAL los ne ptanecommet proves meas smaie a cs ih own sme space A, aes deci ‘seep Moret ombioie ie kag esp gee ‘Setigcou Sm tame spe rpg pec Es ‘Eos tatt poate reneged wanna waht rte Ss ena anpgs webring oy clare sn tose pastaging congas af yey allows eter ou 167.8 Development Environment ‘Petr areal for owing mig cbc, “Faerie ent ci Son atypia obec one lngags tera oft icy of mana ot yan bound feats in ae, 0) stich ten coy i Te ‘Coatine comps sew aaie ok po. ‘Chapa 15/ OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES 147.10 Parameterized Ciasses pcanetrzed clasts, or teers (Meyer) slow apararetesed temple be wes tharcan hen be applic in several estat fe nl in he pes of be pone ‘rample-a generic Lis lat ean be tate «st of pons vals of mets Te ‘entc ai-lement method onthe ist implicit depends on the ype often Le [jer whim the nctod have generic ype that epends on thet Pune, EES present inthe Ada language and in Eifel. Parameeried temples hve bere proposed for C++ [Suoustup 88) rit tea ‘Baran be eve pan oneand consent Torah etre SSncmataly ces Fete ener mee toed ee They a be viewed te wien ror eat me 8 paz ona ent ” san era sang ett om cee a oe a ep cen aa dows be some program oresome prossing at ne SE 1 un res ae fle ef ois 189 SURVEY OF oREcroneyreD uncuaces eset api pn irda de lett etter abet ae expecially comvemet mei data it acho. seemed etc srdngna propery of pte ma be spied dus rca Theva Steams Tercera inSeeden 15.85. . 188 SURVEY OF OBLECTOMENTED LANGUAGES incited ass nga carci, now aie hey eet ‘Snbed een smersay ane bpd pas: Seal =~ Se CLO® dashes poping pes : Sata ae it pop oc ane gn doped New PARC. rcesnpnee iy oe eevee gees Seal 008 ne SESS ETE Tetris en nee ao cree at sunsets 2nd bee Pe ‘SS wm nea snp sy mere wih eral era andr Soul can aa ep of xs an ea ‘Aspect Seal mngsne open ae vate ee ine ee snscas wee Te ney pe ate and hse whe ‘oh ear cer ncng es Clans cab ed. ened. es md Ca ia sg lcs fee poarch de of ema "Tee smata eve ingle! Paps ten nj cnn sactgiysxxrue foccpnen enanemen whew be tomo eee ‘Live ennceasnpaerbued ngage Te Sei emesren pris oe Stelopment af ropane Ker ep he os ra whch was eget © Be ‘lata alge met he ed fe apc, Bese Stata ssn ted as any cannes on econo apy COT "he odin MVC) sect einer desig nei era conbonct Sia Aerie sedi an nen ge ‘Shc nue ry unin iferanews a he mse nd cones at pei ‘haste ddan ews MC make prbitaeeeceee onthe ese ‘Conaptsai he Mose) sda We ernie (e Vers nd Cour) ‘ey Tec ary provi tandt vers of xh fee carps eh ‘Sts neled an cutlery Therein be my dle vewonle evelopment and 1582 Coy “ hse epnn of bine sce octet SSESo ee ee ee aes are ete ee as sep SS pt fae = men eet ee ota nes Ce nee atre oan ote ea he eee emma ce cement Selmore cca Seta ee eeroneet al anna aga ies sarcomere cree een ane ae Secrest nk Sed a Sco ne eae Seater sntinnenctat oonirse oe ee hol re open pte et aa me npn matey rere cr nua aera soca te et ae Spey ae ee te neg e SORES ace seer neon Die iene Se ce at a area et ats ‘en ea ete escheat Ste ‘yma, C+ compe. tet comet inp ein 9 cee Sse nantes 1883 ett ' ‘ant 1 /ORVECT-ORENTED LANGUAces memo: hes comes arn iel ney- tome posing feel of programming is supa preconditions poser y “ites atencsrtons A precoiaon tno dle ale eon et ‘pais Aston son the opraton ne sgresto chew an ony Fe eme pee decane Seems wee wean fens OD angus Tone fares otek maple aber acta tien at {pee Sag OFNE. akaewce mean muragene cloemee So ESE SOTA Sochges omer meas manne area Case asteDORS SE NTN an ere oes Fhe et part fae Sacer a Sef seve of OO language xing 00 cattng sess Seah is an eeecprve language wis ak ye cong av urapenee (ure Sat sare foo Sev ctopnect ecvrement st eee cat ora) Sd Page & Seat for rapa devsiopenect of prune ps Sut does et Sgt are kay ‘Sek The C= hngage igs Syond language Sse Neniy on C Sur Mh anprne

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