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Week 12 BodePlots

The document discusses frequency response and Bode plots. Frequency response describes the steady state behavior of a system as a function of frequency. A Bode plot uses logarithmic scales to plot the magnitude and phase of a system's transfer function over a wide range of frequencies. It allows easy identification of important features like resonant frequency, bandwidth, and gain/phase margins. The document provides the definitions of these terms and shows how to construct Bode plots by combining the effects of different factors in a transfer function.

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Ahmad Hassan Farooqi
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31 views7 pages

Week 12 BodePlots

The document discusses frequency response and Bode plots. Frequency response describes the steady state behavior of a system as a function of frequency. A Bode plot uses logarithmic scales to plot the magnitude and phase of a system's transfer function over a wide range of frequencies. It allows easy identification of important features like resonant frequency, bandwidth, and gain/phase margins. The document provides the definitions of these terms and shows how to construct Bode plots by combining the effects of different factors in a transfer function.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Hassan Farooqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

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EXPERIMENT : 12
NO

TITLE : Bode Plots

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Week 12 CONTROL SYSTEMS Page 1 of 7


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Frequency Response:
We are already fimiliar with time domain analysis and time domain specifications of
second order control systems. Let us now define design and analysis of feedback control
systems from another perspective, the frequency response.

Definition:

Frequency response is the complete description of the sinusoidal steady state behaviour
of a system as a function of frequency.

The transfer function is a useful tool for finding frequency reponse. In fact
frequency response is the plot of tansfer function of system versus with
varying from to .

We can represent in terms of magnitude and phase


| |

For a particular frequency


| |

| |
√

| |

Frequency domain specifications:

The frequency domain specifications are resonant peak, resonant frequency, and
bandwidth.

Consider the closed loop transfer function of control system

Substitute in the above equation

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Let

Magnitude of is

| |
√
Phase of is

Resonant Frequency:

Resonant frequency is the frequency at which the magnitude of the frequency response
has the peak value for the first time. It is denoted by . At the first derivative of the
magnitude of is zero.

Resonant Peak:
It is the peak value of the magnitude of . It is denoted by .

√
Corner frequencies:
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Corner frequencies are the cuttoff frequency points where the gain fall off at either high
or low freaquency. i.e either at pole or zero of the transfer function.

Bandwidth:
Bandwidth is the difference between the corner frequencies .

Bode Diagram:
The frequency range required in in frequency response is often so wide that it is
inconvinient to use a linear scale for frequency axis. Also there is a more systematic way
of locating the important features of the magnitude and phase plots of the transfer
function. Fot these reasons it has become standard practice to plot the transfer function
on a pair of semilogarithmic plots: the magnitude in decibels is plotted against the
logarithm of frequency; on a separate plot, the phase in degrees is plotted against the
logarithm of the frequency.

The factors a transfer function may have the following form

1. A gain K
2. A pole pole or zero at origin
3. A simple pole or zero
4. A quadratic pole or zero.

In constructing a Bode plot, we plot each factor separateley and then add them
graphically. The factors can be considered one at a time and then combined additively
because of the logarithms involved.

Constant Term : for the gain K the magnitude is and the phase is If K is
negative the magnitude remains same but the phase is .

Pole/zero at origin:

For the zero at origin the magnitude is and the phase is . The Bode plot for
pole is same except that the slope of the magnitude is .

A summary of Bode straight line magnitude and phase plots is shown in Table below.

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As an example consider th efollowing transfer function

Magnitude of the transfer function can be found as

Phase

The Bode plot for the transfer function can be easily constructed on a semilog paper and
is shown in figure below.

However Bode diagrams of complex transfer functions is easier to plot in MATLAB

MATLAB uses ‘bode’,’bodeplot’,’margin’ commands to plot Bode diagrams.

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Task
Question 01)

Question 02) Given the following transfer function

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Week 12 CONTROL SYSTEMS Page 7 of 7

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