MODULE-2

CONTROL STRUCTURES

Yogendra Prasad P
 Selection Statements
• In Python, the selection statements are also known as decision making
statements or branching statements.
• The selection statements are used to select a part of the program to
be executed based on a condition.
• Python provides the following selection statements.
1. if statement
2. if-else statement
3. if-elif-else statement
4. Nested-if statement

Yogendra Prasad P
 if statement
• In Python, we use the if statement to test a condition and decide the
execution of a block of statements based on that condition result.
• The if statement checks, the given condition then decides the
execution of a block of statements.
• If it is True, then the block of statements is executed and if it is
False, then the block of statements is ignored.

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
• Syntax:
if condition_1:
Statement_1
…..

Yogendra Prasad P
 if-else statement
• In Python, we use the if-else statement to test a condition and pick the
execution of a block of statements out of two blocks based on that
condition result.
• The if-else statement checks the given condition then decides which
block of statements to be executed based on the condition result.
• If the condition is True, then the true block of statements is
executed and if it is False, then the false block of statements is
executed.

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
• Syntax:
if condition_1:
Statement_1
…..
else:
Statement_2
…..

Yogendra Prasad P
 if-elif-else statement
• In Python, When we want to test multiple conditions we use elif
statement.
• Syntax:
if condition_1:
Statement_1
…..
elif condition_2:
Statement_2
…..
else:
Statement_3
…..

Yogendra Prasad P
 nested if statement
• Nested if statements are an if statement inside another if statement.
• Syntax:
if condition_1:
if condition_1a:
Statement_1
…..
else condition_2:
Statement_2
…..
else:
Statement_3
…..

Yogendra Prasad P
 Iterative statement
• In Python, the iterative statements are also known as looping
statements or repetitive statements.
• The iterative statements are used to execute a part of the program
repeatedly as long as a given condition is True.
• Python provides the following iterative statements.
1. while statement
2. for statement

Yogendra Prasad P
 while loop
• In Python, while loops are used to execute a block of statements
repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied.
• Then, the expression is checked again and, if it is still true, the body is
executed again.
• This continues until the expression becomes false.

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
Syntax:
while condition:
Statement_1
Statement_2
Statement_3
...

Yogendra Prasad P
 for loop
• A for loop is used to iterate over a sequence that is either a list, tuple,
dictionary, or a set.
• We can execute a set of statements once for each item in a list, tuple,
or dictionary.

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
Syntax:
for <variable> in <sequence>:
Statement_1
Statement_2
Statement_3
...

Yogendra Prasad P
 Loop Control Statements
• Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence.
• Python supports the following control statements.
1. Continue Statement
2. Break Statement
3. Pass Statement

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
Break Statement:
• The break statement is used to terminate the loop containing it, the
control of the program will come out of that loop.
Continue Statement:
• When the program encounters a continue statement, it will skip the
statements which are present after the continue statement inside the
loop and proceed with the next iterations.

Yogendra Prasad P
 Cont.
Pass Statement:
• We use pass statement to write empty loops.
• Pass is also used for empty control statement, function and classes.
• Pass statement is python is a null operation

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 while loop with ‘else’
• In Python, the else clause can be used with a while statement.
• The else block is gets executed whenever the condition of the while
statement is evaluated to false.
• But, if the while loop is terminated with break statement then else
doesn't execute.

Yogendra Prasad P
 for loop with ‘else’
• In Python, the else clause can be used with a for a statement.
• The else block is gets executed whenever the for statement is does not
terminated with a break statement.
• But, if the for loop is terminated with break statement then else block
doesn't execute.

Yogendra Prasad P